Utamatisi yizitshalo ezingathobeki okulula ukuzinakekela, kepha ukuze ungatholi izithelo ezincane noma ezinezifo, kuzodingeka unake isiko kancane. Lesi sitshalo siphendula kahle kakhulu ekuniseleni nasekuphakeleni njalo, Abalimi abavuzayo ngokuvuna okukhulu. Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizokhuluma ngokunakekelwa okufanele kotamatisi ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izigaba zokunakekela utamatisi ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini
Ngemuva kokukhetha izithombo ezahlukahlukene nokutshala engadini yetamatisi, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, okuqukethe ukunikezela isitshalo izakhi nomswakama. Ngaphezu kwezidingo eziyisisekelo, kukhona ezinye ezingenawo umthelela omncane esikhathini sokukhula. Izinkinga zomsebenzi zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela okufanele
Utamatisi usabela ngokulinganayo ekushodeni nasekwedleni komswakama, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kwenziwa njengoba inhlabathi yoma. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, imvamisa isikhathi esisodwa ngesonto, ngenkathi kwakhiwa izithelo, ukuchelela kukhuphuka kuze kube izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngeviki. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo esinamazinga okushisa aphezulu emini, uzodinga ukuchelela inhlabathi zonke ezinye izinsuku noma nsuku zonke (gxila ebangeni lokoma kwenhlabathi). Izinqubo kufanele zenziwe ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Kusihlwa kungcono, ngoba umswakama uzohlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi isitshalo sizonethezeka.
Lapho uhlomisa uhlelo lokunisela, kufanele kukhethwe kuqala ukuvuza noma uhlobo lwangaphansi komhlaba... Ukufafaza kuthambisa iziqongo, ngenkathi kukhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizifo zokukhunta, ikakhulukazi ukubola kwe-apical. Ukunisela kungenziwa futhi empandeni noma emigedeni. Ngokuvikela izifo, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze umlotha wezinkuni emanzini ahleliwe. Futhi lapho ama-ovari evela, i-ash powder ifafazwa nxazonke ezihlahleni ukuthola izithelo ezingcono.
Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi ompompi we-humidification. Inketho yokuxazulula kahle nokufudumala ifaneleka ngokwengeziwe. Izinga loketshezi ehlathini ngalinye lingamalitha ayi-8-10.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuchelela kuhlanganiswa nokwethulwa kwama-foliar dressings. Ngenxa yalokhu, umanyolo wezimbiwa uyachithwa emanzini asetshenziselwa ukunisela. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esichithwa kuzo zombili izinqubo siyancishiswa.
Utamatisi wotshani
Abanye abalimi bayithatha kancane inqubo yokuncina utamatisi, bekholelwa ukuthi isihlahla esinamagatsha nenombolo enkulu yamahlumela kwandisa isivuno. Empeleni isitshalo asinamandla anele kuwo wonke amaqanda, ngakho-ke, izithelo zivame ukwakheka zincane noma nje azinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Inkinga ixazululwa ngokususa amahlumela angenamsebenzi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe besebancane (3-5 cm). Uma isikhathi sesilahlekile, futhi sebethole ukukhula, kusho ukuthi akunangqondo ukufeza ukucinana.
Inqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Zonke izingane zokutholwa ziyasuswa ehlathini, zishiya amaqabunga ama-2-3 ngaphezulu kwezithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba yibuhlungu ukukhetha ama-inflorescence, kepha lokhu kuzosizakala ngezithelo ezivuthayo (zizoba zinkulu kakhulu).
Enye indlela yokuncinza ukususa amahlumela amaningi ngokweqile njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi. Kulesi simo, enye yezinketho zokwakheka kwesihlahla ikhethiwe: ku-stem eyodwa, kabili noma kathathu. Ukuzikhethela kusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo.
Sifutha ngokumelene nezinambuzane kanye nokudla
Imibhede enotamatisi kufanele ifuthwe hhayi kuphela lapho kutholakala izinambuzane, kepha futhi nokuvimbela, ngoba utamatisi yibona abasengozini enkulu phakathi kwezitshalo ezi-solanaceous. Ungayifutha kanjani ubuza?
Esigabeni sokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zifakwe kusixazululo semithi yokubulala izinambuzane (isibonelo, i-Aktara) ukuvikela kuma-wireworms, amabhungane nama-aphid. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuthela, imibhede ilashwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal (i-Quadris, i-Ridomil Gold), evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal.
Ungasebenzisa amakhambi wesintu. Ukufafaza izihlahla ngama-infusions ama-anyanisi amakhoba, umlotha wokhuni negalikhi kubhekwa njengokusebenza kahle. Ukwesabisa izinambuzane, kufanelekile ama-decoctions ezitshalweni ezinamakha: ikhemisi chamomile, umhlonyane, calendula, njll.
Udinga ukondla utamatisi okungenani kathathu ngenkathi yokukhula. Emhlabathini ongenamsoco, lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlelekile njalo emavikini amabili. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kokubili okuphilayo kanye namaminerali. Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kuzo kufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ngakanani umanyolo okufanele wengezwe ukucubungula?Enye yezinketho ihlinzekela ukwakheka okulandelayo:
- 50-60 gr. i-superphosphate;
- 30-40 gr. i-potassium chloride;
- 15 gr. i-ammonium nitrate;
- Amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi.
Uma ukuchitheka kwama-inflorescence nama-ovari kuyabonakala, lesi sitshalo asinazo izakhi zokulandela (i-boron). Ungalungisa isisombululo kusuka ku-boric acid (1 g) namanzi (1 L). Futha imifino ntambama.
Isiko liphendula kahle kusixazululo somquba wezinkukhu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo onzima oqukethe izinto zokulandela umkhondo ezifana ne-magnesium, boron, ithusi, i-zinc. Izindlela zokwelapha ezidumile zifaka: UMphathi NPK-17.6.18, uKristallon et al.
Hilling nokuxegisa
Ngemuva kokuchelela ngakunye, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi kancane (ukujula kokucwiliswa kungama-3 cm). Lokhu kusiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, kuvule ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo. Ukuxegiswa kokuqala kungenziwa ngemuva kokuniselwa kokuqala kwezithombo. Ukuvamile kwezinqubo isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Lapho izihlahla zikhula futhi zinciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa, ungayeka ukukhululeka.
Kunengqondo ukuhlanganisa inqubo yokukhulula nokususa ukhula. Ukhula luheha izinambuzane, lwenzela ukufakwa utamatisi, ngakho ukulwa nalo kuyinto eza kuqala.
Ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande ezengeziwe ezizayo, kunconywa ukugoqa izihlahla zikatamatisi. Zakha kusukela phansi kwesiqu, kodwa kuphela enhlabathini enomswakama. Ukurhaba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo kufanele kube kaningana ngesizini ngayinye. Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa amasonto ama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Isikhathi sesibili sokuphosa emibhedeni senziwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Ukuze ungaphinde ulimaze utamatisi, umcimbi uhlanganiswe nokukhulula nokususa ukhula.
Kwakhiwa utamatisi amahlathi kanye namaqabunga aphukayo
Kuyadingeka ukwakha ama-bush kuphela kulezo zitshalo ezivame ukuba negatsha. Uma ukuhlukahluka kubonakala ngokuthuthuka kwesiqu esisodwa, lapho-ke asikho isidingo senqubo.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakha izihlahla:
- ngesiqu esisodwa;
- ngeziqu ezimbili;
- ngeziqu ezintathu.
Lapho uthatha isinqumo ngenketho, kufanelekile ukucubungula izici zezinhlobonhlobo nezimo zezulu zesifunda. Ngokuya eningizimu yendawo, amagatsha amaningi ongawashiya kutamatisi. Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi izithelo ezingakhi ngesiqu esikhulu zizoba ncane.
Lapho ukhetha indlela yesiqu esisodwa bonke abantwana bokutholwa abafinyelele kubude obungu-3-5 cm bayakhishwa.Ukuvimbela utamatisi ekuweni zonke izimbali nama-ovari, kunconywa ukuthi uqale unqume amahlumela akhule ngaphansi kwamabhulashi.
Uma utamatisi wakhiwa waba neziqu ezimbili, ke udinga ukushiya ihlumela lateral, elakhiwa eduze kwebhulashi lokuqala. Futhi lapho ukhetha indlela yesithathu, kunconywa ukuthi ushiye indodana yokutholwa enamandla kunazo zonke ethuthuka ngaphansi kwesandla sesibili.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe amahlumela ngokweqile njalo, umkhawulo kuphela wenqubo ukushisa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli noma yikuphi ukulimala.
Dabula amahlumela ngokucophelela, uwabambe ngesithupha sakho nangomunwe wangaphambili. Udinga ukungazidonseli kuwe, kepha ngokucijile eceleni. Ungasebenzisa futhi ummese ngensingo ebukhali. Lapho usika indodana yokutholwa, ungathinti isiqu esikhulu, kungcono ukushiya u-1-2 mm wehlumela elisusiwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi
Ukubuyisela emuva umhlabathi ngesivalo semifino kwenza ukuthi kunciphise inani lokuchelela, ukhula kanye nokuxegisa. Ukonga okunjalo kumane nje kuyadingeka kubahlali basehlobo abavakashela amasayithi kuphela ngezimpelasonto. Ngaphezu kokwehlisa ukusebenza ngamandla kwenqubo, ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi ekomeni kuyakhiwa.
Ukutholakala kwe-mulching kungahlolwa ngokususelwa kuzinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- ukuncipha ukukhula kokhula (ukunciphisa inani lokususa ukhula);
- ukuzinza umbuso wokushisa nomswakama womhlabathi;
- ukuzivikela kusuka ukuhwamuka komswakama;
- ukuvimbela ukwakheka koqweqwe ebusweni bomhlaba;
- izikelemu zomhlaba zikhuliswa kangcono ngaphansi kohlobo lwejazi loboya, okwandisa ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi.
I-peat, amaqabunga omile noma utshani, i-sawdust isetshenziswa njengesivalo. Umquba obolile nawo muhle. Eminyangweni yensimu yama-hypermarket namuhla ungathenga i-mulch yokufakelwa, esebenza kabusha. Isendlalelo okufanele sibekwe kufanele sibe ngu-6-8 cm, ukuze ukukhanya kudlule kancane kuwo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhula okusheshayo kokhula.
Ukuzungeza umbhede wamatamatisi ngokunaka, kufanelekile ukubona isilinganiso lapho unisela noma ufaka umquba, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathola umphumela ohlukile. Abalimi abanolwazi banquma izidingo zezitshalo ngokubukeka kwazo, ngakho-ke Izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto udinga nje ukuhlola amahlathi. Lapho-ke noma iyiphi inkinga ekhonjiwe kuzoba lula ukuyibeka endaweni noma ukuyisusa.