Ama-peas anezinto ezibalulekile ezinomphumela omuhle emzimbeni. ngakho-ke isivuno sitshalwa cishe kuzo zonke izingadi zemifino... Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okulula, akwenzeki njalo ukuthola isivuno esihle. Lo mbhalo wembula imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo okudingeka ukuthi ibhekwe ngabalimi be-novice, okuyindlela yokulungisa imbewu, ukuthi ingahluma nini nokuthi itshalwe nini.
Imigomo yokuhlwanyela uphizi e-Ukraine, esifundeni saseMoscow, e-Urals naseSiberia
Ama-peas yizitshalo ezingazweli emakhazeni, amahlumela amancane angamelana nesithwathwa sasebusuku kuze kufike ku-5-6 ° C. Kepha leli qiniso alisho ukuthi ungaqala ukuhlwanyela ngoMashi. Ukumelana okubandayo kufushane, ihlumela ngeke likhule emazingeni okushisa aphansi... Ngakho-ke, udinga ukulinda isikhathi lapho izinkomba zasebusuku zingeke zehle ngaphansi kophawu lwe-5-8 ° C.
Ungalima uphizi usebenzisa indlela eyodwa kuphela - imbewu. Indlela yokuzalanisa izithombo ayifanele kuleli cala.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokutshala uphizi ekhaya? Asikho isikhathi esithile sokuhlwanyela imbewu, kepha abalimi abaningi baqondiswa ikhalenda yenyanga nezimo zezulu. E-Ukraine nasesifundeni saseMoscow, umsebenzi wokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile uqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho inhlabathi isagcina umswakama onqwabelene ebusika. E-Urals naseSiberia, isikhathi siguqulwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10-15, kuya ngezici zezulu. Kepha noma kunjalo Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuqedela ukuhlwanyela imidumba ekupheleni kukaMeyi... Lesi sitshalo sikhula kangcono, siqhakaza futhi sithele izithelo ngesikhathi sasemini eside.
Ukulungisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ekhaya
Ukuhluma kwembewu kuxhomeke ngqo ekulungisweni kokutshalwa kwayo. Ama-peas kufanele alinganiswe kuqala - khetha izibonelo zezinga eliphakeme kunenani eliphelele, ezingakhombisi izimpawu zokulimala, izindawo ezimnyama namanye amaphutha. Imbewu echithwe ngeke inikeze amahlumela anempilo, futhi amahlumela abuthakathaka ahlaselwa izifo nezinambuzane kwasekuqaleni.
Ukulungiselela okuqhubekayo kuya ngendlela ekhethiwe yokuhlwanyela. Zimbili kuphela zazo: ezomile futhi ezimanzi zokuqala. Akuyona inkambiso ukufuya uphizi nobhontshisi ngezithombo.
Izigaba zokulungiselela imbewu yokutshala:
- cwilisa Esikhathini sesisombululo se-boric acid (1 g we-powder ngamalitha ama-5 amanzi ashubile afike ku-40 °) imizuzu engu-5-8;
- ukususwa komswakama okweqile indwangu eyomile;
- ukomisa amahora 1-2 ekamelweni lokushisa;
- ukufika.
Ukwelashwa kwembewu enesisombululo se-boric acid kuvimbela ukulimala kohlelo lwempande yizibungu ze-weevil yezimpande.
Ngendlela eyomile, kubalulekile ukuthi unisele ngaphambili umsele ngamanzi bese umboza umbhede ngefilimu ukudala umphumela wokushisa. Lokhu kusheshisa inqubo yokuhluma kwamahlumela.
Njengokulungiselela uphizi wokutshala, ungasebenzisa indlela yakudala.... Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ifakwa esitsheni ngamanzi afudumele (afakwe emanzini) izinsuku eziyi-1-2, ngaphambili esongwe ngendwangu kakotini. Ukuvuvukala nokuhluma, umbuso wokushisa okungenani ongu-20-23 ° uzodingeka. Njengoba indwangu iyoma, iba manzi. Imbewu iyakwazi ukuhluma ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5.
Ukuze ungakhathazeki ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ungacubungula imbewu kusikhuthazi sokukhula. Imbewu engakanani okufanele icwiliswe? Esixazululweni esinjalo, kwanele ukumanzisa okokutshala amahora amabili, ukukubeka kuvulandi wasekhaya noma efasiteleni.
Ukulungiswa kombhede engadini nokulinywa okufanele
Udinga ukuqala ukulungiselela ingadi ngokukhetha indawo ezweni noma isakhiwo somuntu siqu. Udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle egqumeni... Izimpande zesitshalo zingena ngokujulile emhlabathini, ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kunengozi yokubola. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba ogcwele amanzi awukufanele ukutshala imidumba. Ikuphi indawo enhle yokutshala uphizi?
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokulala, cabanga ngalokho okwakutshalwe ngaphambili. Izindlalifa ezifanelekile yilezi: ama-beet, amazambane, ummbila, i-zucchini, ama-eggplants, njll. Kepha ngemuva kophizi, ungatshala konke, inhlabathi icebiswe nge-nitrogen, iba ngokukhululeka futhi ivunde kakhulu.
Akunconyelwe ukuhlela umbhede wepea lapho kukhula khona utshani obungapheli, imidumba, engadala ukugula noma ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane.
Ingabe uphizi uthanda inhlabathi enjani? Inhlabathi ekahle yophizi ayisiwo ama-acid acid kanye nokukhanya okulula kwesihlabathi... I-Chernozems, i-soddy-podzolic etshaliwe nezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi nazo ziyafaneleka. Okumuncu, okunosawoti nokuluhlaza akufakiwe. Uma i-asidi yaziwa esizeni, khona-ke ukwethulwa kofulawa we-dolomite noma i-lime echotshoziwe kuzosiza ekunciphiseni imvelo.
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni bayeluleka, lapho belungiselela ingadi, ukuthi bavundise inhlabathi kahle, ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okukhulu isitshalo singazizwa sishoda ngezakhi. Noma kunjalo, akufanelekile ukuyondla, ungabangela ukwanda kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokumba, kwethulwa izinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba, umquba obolile). Entwasahlobo, lapho kulungiswa isiza, inhlabathi ithuthukiswa nge-potassium (30 g) kanye ne-superphosphate ephindwe kabili (20 g) nge-1 m2.
Kuyadingeka ukumba inhlabathi ngokusungulwa ngasikhathi sinye komanyolo ngokucwiliswa kwama-30-40 cm.Kungcono ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwawo ngaphambi kweqhwa, ukuze izinambuzane nezibungu zazo zifriziwe. Kusukela engadini, kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela yonke imfucumfucu yezitshalo lapho izinambuzane zingathola isiphephelo.
Uhlelo lokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ezweni
Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokutshala, udinga ukugxila kuzici zesihlahla sesitshalo esidala. Uma lokhu kuyizitshalo ezingaphansi nangaphakathi, khona-ke umbhede wensimu uhlelwa ngale mingcele elandelayo:
- umugqa isikhala - 15-20 cm;
- isikhawu phakathi kwembewu singu-5-6 cm;
- ukucwilisa ukucwilisa - 3-5 cm (uma wenza i-powder engu-1-2 cm, khona-ke ingozi yezinyoni ezidla uphizi iyanda).
Ngezitshalo ezinde (ezinokuphakama okungaphezu kwama-80 cm), kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo: 30x10 cm emigqeni emibili enezikhala zomugqa ezingama-50 cm.
Lapho betshala, badla ama-peas angaba ngu-15-17 ngemitha eyisikwele.
Inqubo uqobo yayo ifaka ukuhlwanyela imbewu emiseleni elungisiwe, kulandele ukugcwalisa inhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokufaka imbewu emhlabathini, udinga ukuyithela ngokukhululekile ngamanzi afudumele. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngesonto nohhafu ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Okwezihlahla ezide, yisikhathi sokwakha ukwesekwa. Isitshalo esisatshalaliswa emhlabathini ngeke sithele izithelo kahle.
Ukufingqa imininingwane engenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi ngokukhethwa okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokugcwaliseka kwezidingo ezikhulayo, isivuno esihle sikaphizi siyaqinisekiswa. Imisebenzi eyinhloko eyisibopho: ukondla inhlabathi, ukulungisa imibhede, ukuhluma nokuhlwanyela imbewu, ukunakekela izithombo - isivuno esihle siqinisekisiwe.Izipho eziphanayo zemvelo zilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye namalungiselelo asebusika. Izithelo zigcina izimfanelo zazo ezibalulekile noma ngabe zifriziwe.