Abalimi abaningi bafuna ukutshala izitshalo ezingavamile ezindaweni zabo., ezokwehluka kwezinye, ngokubukeka nangokunambitha.
Esimweni esinjalo, kungafaneleka ukutshala izitshalo eziyinhlanganiselaukuhlanganisa izici zamasiko amaningana.
Izinhlamvu ezingavamile kakhulu zebhilikosi, ipentshisi, iplamu ne-apula
Isikhathi eside kakhulu, abalimi bezama ukuwela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezitshalo ukuze bathole izitshalo ezinhle. Izithelo zazo zihlukaniswa ukubukeka kwazo okukhangayo nokunambitheka kwazo okuhle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-nzalookuyinhlanganisela yamasiko amabili noma ngaphezulu, okungajwayelekile kakhulu kuwo yile:
- Sharafuga - i-hybrid ye-plum, ipentshisi ne-apricot;
- I-Aprium nePlumkot - inhlanganisela yama-plums nama-apricot;
- I-Apple ne-plum nectarine;
- I-Plum / cherry plum hybrid;
- Okuyinhloko - inhlanganisela yeplamu nokuphakama.
I-apricot iplamu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeplamu nama-apricot nzalo.
I-Aprium - le hybrid ingu-75% wamabhilikosi no-25% weplamu. Lesi sithelo esingajwayelekile sakhuliswa ngeminyaka yama-90 ngumfuyi waseMelika uFloyd Zeiger.
Ukuhlolwa kokunambitha kwe-apricot plum kukhuluma ngokunambitheka kwayo okuvelele nephunga elimnandi. I-pulp yesithelo iqinile, ayinamanzi amaningi kunaleyo yebhilikosi, futhi isikhumba sibushelelezi, njengeplamu.
I-Aprium inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fructose, okukhombisa ubumnandi besithelo.
I-Pluot - i-hybrid на equkethe ibhilikotsi ne-¾ yeplamu. Kukhuliswe eCalifornia ngo-1989, okwamanje kunezinhlobo eziyi-11 zale nhlanganisela.
Ihlukaniswa ngokunambitheka okumnandi, koshukela; kusuka kulezo zithelo kwenziwa ujamu omuhle, ama-compotes noma iwayini. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kufana nebhilikosi, nokubukeka kweplamu.
Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sinombala onsomi, upinki noma luhlaza imbala. I-pulp inamanzi amaningi, ibomvu ngombala.
I-Plum nectarine
Peach kanye iplamu hybrid ibizwa ngokuthi i-plum nectarine. Abantu abaningi abazi ngisho nokuthi isithelo esinjenge-nectarine singaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili, iplamu ne-apula.
Zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwazo zombili ngokunambitha nangokubukeka:
- I-plum nectarine iminyene futhi ayinamanzi, inyama iqinile impela futhi "iminyene", iphuzi ngombala, ihlukaniswe kahle netshe;
- ngokubukeka, izithelo ziyindilinga futhi zifana nepentshisi;
- isikhumba mncane, bushelelezi futhi matte.
Umpe we-Apple
I-hybrid yamapentshisi ne-apula ibizwa nge-apula nectarine, izici zayo ezihlukile zivezwa ezinkomba ezilandelayo:
- uginindela uthambile kakhulu futhi unamanzi amaningi, uvame ukuba ukhilimu noma umhlophe. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo kumnandi futhi kumuncu;
- ama-apula nectarine acishe aphindwe ama-2 kunama-plums, anokuma okuhlangene kancane;
- isikhumba sibushelelezi, siyacwebezela, sibomvana ngokugqamile.
Inhlanganisela yeplamu, ibhilikosi kanye nepentshisi
Izithelo ezavezwa ngokuwela ipentshisi, iplamu kanye nebhilikosi obizwa ngoSharafuga, futhi unezimfanelo ezilandelayo:
- umbala wesithelo ufana neplamu futhi unombala onsomi-lilac;
- ukwakheka kuyindilinga, kufana nebhilikosi, kepha ubukhulu besithelo busondele kakhulu kupentshisi;
- uginindela unamanzi amnandi, ukunambitheka kuyinhlanganisela yeplamu nebhilikosi. Itshe liyindilinga, lihlukaniswe kahle.
Ubuhle nobubi bezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe
Isihlanganisi isitshalo esitholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo noma izitshalo eziningana. Njenganoma isiphi esinye isitshalo, zinobuhle nobubi bazo.
Izinzuzo zezinhlamvu:
- Ukuvela kwezithelo zezitshalo ezinjalo kusondele kokuhle, imvamisa kunesimo nobukhulu obufanayo. Izithelo nemifino eyi-hybrid ziyajabulisa iso futhi ziyaheha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zikhiqizwa ngokuzama nokwenza iphutha, kukhethwa amasampula amahle kakhulu.
- Isivuno sizohlala siphezulu njalo.
- Ukumelana okuhle nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezimsulwa.
- Izitshalo zinezimpova ezizimele, ngakho zingakhula ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokwenza le nqubo.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nzalo anenhlanganisela engavamile yama-flavour, futhi ukuwadla kungagcwalisa kakhulu ukutholakala kokudla.
Okubi kwezinhlamvu:
- Awukwazi ukuthola imbewu ezitshalweni eziyinhlanganisela.
- Izitshalo ezinjalo zibalulekile kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo.
- Zingakhula kuphela enhlabathini evundile, kulandela ukuthi izitshalo zizodinga inani elikhulu lokuphakelwa okuhlukile.
- Izitshalo ze-hybrid azibizi kakhulu ukuchelela, azibekezeleli isomiso nomswakama owedlulele womhlabathi.
- Amaconsi okushisa aqinile angabhubhisa ngokuphelele isivuno esitshaliwe.
- Okunye ukungalungi kuzoba izindleko zembewu nezithombo, ama-nzalo abiza kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezimsulwa nezitshalo.
Izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa
Lapho utshala ama-nzalo, kufanele unake ngezici ezithile zezitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezithile. Kepha futhi, phakathi kwazo zonke kunezintandokazi nezici ezifanayo ezifanayo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezinjalo.
Utshala kanjani futhi nini
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukutshala nzalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuze babe nesikhathi sokuqina futhi bajwayele imvelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukufika kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Inhlabathi kumele ibe amanzi avundile, avulekile, angaphansi komhlaba kufanele abe kude okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Lapho ukhetha isayithi kufanele inikeze ukukhetha ukuphakama okuyisicaba, lapho imvula neqhwa elicibilikile kungeke kuqoqane khona.
Cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukumba umgodi olingana nosayizi ezimpandeni zesitshalo esitshaliwe. Ngezihlahla ezi-hybrid, umgodi kufanele ube ngamasentimitha angama-80 ububanzi futhi ujule.
Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukumba, ngenkathi ukufaka umanyolo oqukethe:
- 2 amabhakede we-humus noma umquba;
- 70 amagremu we-superphosphate;
- Amagremu angama-40 omanyolo wepotashi.
Uma ucabanga lokho nzalo bakhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ene-alkaline, ngezinga elikhulisiwe le-asidi, umhlaba ungowelime onama-0.3 kilograms of lime ngemitha eyisikwele.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukwenza amanzi kusuka kubumba olunwetshiwe noma amatshe phansi komgodi, kuzosebenza njengesivikelo esingeziwe kumswakama owedlulele.
Izimpande zesithombo zifakwa emgodini bese ziqondiswa kahle, ngemuva kwalokho zifafazwe ngenhlabathi evundile.
Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sitshalwe, siyadinga amanzi kanye nesivalo semifino ngobuningiukugwema ukuhwamuka okusheshayo komswakama ezinsukwini ezinelanga.
Ukukhula
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izitshalo ezingama-hybrid azinazidingo zokuzinakekela, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezilandelayo lapho uzikhulisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu - nzalo ifuna kakhulu ukwakheka nekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kufanele ivundiswe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokuphelele:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje lonke iqhwa selincibilikile, umanyolo we-nitrogen onjenge-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate usetshenziswa enhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungama-gramu angama-25 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele;
- masinyane ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kusetshenziswa ukugqoka amafoliar, imvamisa umanyolo omncane kakhulu osetshenziswayo, ngokwesibonelo, umuthi "iKemira-universal". Le nqubo iphindwa izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-15;
- ekwindla, inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo imbiwe bese kwethulwa amabhakede amabili we-humus, umquba noma i-slurry.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane - Ukumelana nenzalo ekuhlaselweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene noma izinambuzane kuvumela ukungazenzi izinqubo ezengeziwe zokuvimbela. Kuzokwanela ukwenza ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko nokuhlanza umuthi wezihlahla ezi-hybridi ngesikhathi.
Izitshalo zeHybrid ungakubekezeleli ukoma kanye nomswakama omningi ngokweqile womhlabathiNgakho-ke, kufanele kuthuthukiswe uhlelo olufanele lokunisela, kucatshangelwa izici zesimo sezulu, imvula eningi, umswakama womoya nezinye izinto.
Abantu abaningi banamaphutha, badida izitshalo ezingama-hybrid nezishintshwe izakhi zofuzo. Izithelo nemifino eyi-hybrid ayilimazi umzimba futhi kungumphumela wokuwela izitshalo ezimbili ngendlela engokwemvelo.
Izithelo ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngokunambitheka okuhle nokubukeka okukhangayo, kepha, ngeshwa, azinazwelo futhi zikhetha ukunakekelwa nokwakheka kwenhlabathi.