Umhlabathi, njengoba wazi, uyisisekelo sezisekelo zazo zonke izinto eziphilayo nokuthuthuka emhlabeni wethu, isisekelo sempilo. Ukuze ungomisi amandla awo, ukuvundisa inhlabathi kufanele kubuyiswe njalo, futhi abasebenzi ababaluleke kakhulu kulokhu yimihlonyane. Yonke into ehlakaniphile ilula ngokwedlulele - ikhwalithi yomhlaba, ukuzala kwabo kanye nokuvunwa okuphezulu kwezitshalo kuncike ngqo kumkhiqizo wemfucumfucu ojwayelekile womsundu womhlaba. Ungayikhulisa kanjani ekhaya, kanjani nokuthi uzondla kanjani nokuthi hlobo luni lokunakekelwa okufanele luchazwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Izizathu zokuzalela izikelemu ekhaya
Ukuzalela izimpethu ekhaya akunzima nakancane. Futhi icala lingaba yibhizinisi elibi kakhulu, futhi kunezizathu okungenani ezimbili ezinhle zalokhu:
- ama-creepers anda ngokushesha okukhulu, zuza i-biomass ewusizo futhi zingukudla okuhle kwezinkukhu (amapulazi ezinkukhu, amapulazi enkukhu nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda);
- umkhiqizo wempilo esebenzayo yi-biohumus - umanyolo osezingeni eliphakeme futhi onobungani bemvelo emapulazini nasezindlu zokugcina izithombo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhemisi, lezi zilwane eziphilayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermicompost kuziza zasendlini yangasese nasemakhaya kuzokhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda wezinkukhu, ukuvundisa inhlabathi, kwandise umkhiqizo wemifino nezithelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali.
Izinhlobo zama-annelids
Umeleli ovame kakhulu we-bristle annelids yi-earthworm. Kepha yizona, ezitholakala ngokukhululekile emvelweni, ezilungele okungenani ukukhiqizwa ezimweni zokufakelwa. Abamele lezi zinhlobo ezincane bazala kancane, ngobunzima bokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha nokudla abangajwayele, baphila kancane. Futhi, mhlawumbe, zilungele kuphela ukuzalanisa izidingo zabo zepulazi langasese.
Ngokutshalwa kwezimboni nokukhiqizwa kwe-vermicompost, usosayensi waseRussia, uProfesa AM Igonin wazala uhlobo olukhethekile lwe "Prospector". Ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo ezihlala ebangeni elanele komunye nomunye, wakwazi ukuthola abantu abanezimfanelo ezintsha ngokuphelele:
- isikhathi eside sokuphila - kusuka eminyakeni engu-4 kuya kwengu-16;
- yanda ngokushesha;
- kubekezelela kalula ushintsho lokuphakelayo (noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla olungasetshenziswa - kusuka emaqabungeni awile notshani kuya kudoti wokudla komuntu).
Abalindeli bazivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zokukhiqiza okwenziwayo futhi banikeze ukwanda okuhle kakhulu kwe-biomass kanye ne-humus.
Enye inhlobo ehlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni yi-red worm yaseCalifornia. Abantu be-KKC nabo bazala ngokushesha okukhulu, bandise isisindo esiwusizo, bacubungule imfucuza ehlukahlukene yemvelo yempilo yomuntu ibe yi-vermicompost, basebenze njengokudla kwamaprotheni okuhle kakhulu kwezolimo kanye nezinhlanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuzalisa izindlu
Imishini edingekayo nendawo yokuzalanisa
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuqala ukuzalanisa izikelemu, okokuqala udinga ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela - khetha bese ulungisa indawo noma isitsha. Iziqukathi kungaba ngamabhokisi enziwe ngokhuni, epulasitiki noma amakhadibhodi (kusobala ukuthi iziqukathi zamakhadibhodi kuzodingeka zishintshwe kaningi), izinqwaba.
Zibekwa esibayeni, egalaji, kunoma iyiphi enye indawo eqokelwe lapho kungenzeka khona ukuhambisana nezimo ezidingekayo - okuqukethwe umswakama we-substrate okungenani u-70-80% kanti izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-12-15mayelanaKusukela kuze kube ngu-22-24mayelanaC. Futhi ungazalisa izikelemu enqwabeni ejwayelekile yomquba, umgodi.
Inketho eyodwa elula ukusebenzisa amabhokisi amabili noma amathathu abunjiwe abekwe phezulu komunye nomunye. Eyaphansi kunazo zonke inezimbobo eceleni kwepherimitha phezulu ezinhlangothini. Leli bhokisi lenzelwe i-vermicom - into ewuketshezi ye-vermicompost. Ibhokisi elinezindonga ezinezigqoko kanye naphansi kubekwe phezu kwalo, kubekwa indawo enezakhamzimba zezikelemu futhi abantu ngabanye banabantu, ngaphezulu kwamabhokisi udinga ukumboza amabhokisi nge-burlap noma enye indwangu "yokuphefumula", ngoba abathungi bathanda izindawo ezimnyama nezimanzi.
Ukwenza isibungu
Ungakwazi ukuzalanisa abantu emgwaqweni, khona engadini, uhlukanisa indawo ethile yalokhu futhi uyivikele ngamabhodi noma okunye okutholakalayo.
Ubukhulu obulinganiselwe besibungu: ububanzi 1-1.2m, ukuphakama 30-40cm, ubude ngokungqubuzana. Umquba ubekwa phansi ungqimba olujiyile, ulinganiswe futhi umanziswe kahle. Bese umboza inqwaba yomquba ngezinto ezingena emoyeni izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Kungaba i-burlap endala, amakhadibhodi, ungqimba wotshani, odinga ukuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngemvula noma ngamanzi ahlaliswe kahle (okungenani izinsuku ezingama-2-3).
I-chlorine kumele ihwamuke ngokuphelele, ngoba inobuthi bezikelemu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Ngemuva kwesonto, isikwele ngasinye. m, kwenziwa ikhefu lapho kubekwa khona ezinwabuzelayo, futhi futhi isibungu simbozwa ngezinto eziphefumulekayo.
Ukulungiselela umquba
Imixube yomquba obolile, ubulongwe bezinkukhu, i-peat, utshani, amaqabunga neziqu zemifino nokhula, amagobongo amaqanda agayiwe kanye nodoti wokudla kungasetshenziswa njengomquba wokubeka emabhokisini noma emigodini.
Akunakusetshenziswa umquba omusha, uqukethe inani elikhulu le-ammonia futhi abantu bayafa. Umquba obolile oneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala nawo ngeke usasetshenziswa kangako, ngoba vele awunazo izakhamzimba eziwusizo.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifanele ukuzalaniswa ziqoqwa enqwabeni (noma endaweni ekhethwe ngokukhethekile), zimbozwe futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile zimanziswe, zigcinelwe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Ungumnikazi wepulazi le-vermi
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzitholela ipulazi lakho lesibungu elincane, okokuqala-ke, udinga ukuhlomisa indawo yokugcina izikelemu, ukugcina izitsha, ulungiselele umquba futhi unikeze izimo ezikahle zokuzalanisa.
Ukuthengwa kwe-broodstock kubalulekile. Izinhlobo ezifanele kunazo zonke, njengoba sekushiwo, yizibungu ezibomvu zaseCalifornia noma abheke phambili. Umndeni owodwa ngabantu abayi-1500. Ukuze kugcwaliswe i-1 cubic meter. m womquba, imindeni eyi-1-3 ye-broodstock iyadingeka.
Ukuthuthela endaweni entsha kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Okokuqala, abantu abambalwa bangeniswa enanini elincane lomhlabathi olungiselelwe esitsheni esihlukile, inhlabathi iyalinganiswa nezitsha ziyavalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, engeza okuphakelayo. Uma zonke izibungu zisebenza, zihamba, ngombala obomvu obonakalayo, yonke imfuyo ingahlelwa. Uma kutholakala abantu abafile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kulungiswe i-asidi yenhlabathi (indawo enhle kakhulu ithathwa njengesikhombisi se-asidi esingu-6.5-7.5 PH).
Zondliwa kanjani izikelemu zomhlaba
Imisundu eboshiwe ingabadli bezitshalo bangempela futhi abakwazi ukubekezelela ukudla kwamaprotheni: inyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda. Lapho uthenga i-broodstock, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi umthengisi uphakeleni izigceme zakhe, ngoba okuvame kakhulu ukuphakelwa abazamile "kusukela ekuzalweni." Kodwa-ke, bajwayela ukudla okusha, ikakhulukazi ama-Prospectors. Kuthatha isikhashana ukujwayela uhlobo oluthile lokuphakelayo, ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezintsha kufanele zingeniswe kwisisekelo sokuphakelayo kancane kancane, zivumele izimpethu ukuthi zivumelane.
Njengokugqoka okuphezulu, izinsalela zezitshalo, amakhasi amazambane, amaqabunga eklabishi, imfucuza yokudla ehlukahlukene evela ekhishini lapho kuvela khona izitshalo, izindawo zetiye nekhofi, utshani, utshani, isinkwa esomile kufanelekile Noma yini oyengeza kunqwaba yomquba idinga ukwenziwa izicucu ukuze kusetshenzwe kalula futhi kusheshe ngabakhasayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inqubo yokwenza i-acidification, ukuvutshelwa noma ukubola kwemikhiqizo kungaqala.
Udinga ukuyondla njalo emavikini ama-2-3. Thela ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyo yonke indawo yamabhokisi noma izinqwaba, ngokulinganayo, ubukhulu obungu-7-10 cm, kuze kube yilapho ubukhulu be-humus osetshenzisiwe bufinyelela ku-50-60 cm bese i-substrate ithatha isimo se-biomass esetshenzwe ngokufanayo. Isikhathi sokujikeleza cishe izinyanga eziyi-3-4 kusuka ngesikhathi sokuhlaliswa kwemfuyo.
Ukunakekela nokuzala kabusha
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko emapulazini ezikelemu noma ezimpungwini ukuhambisana nombuso wezinga lokushisa, ukondla ngesikhathi esifanele, nokugcina izinga lomswakama lapho uniselwa imvula efudumele noma amanzi ahleliwe.
Ezimweni ezinhle, izibungu ziqala ukwanda. Emqubeni, babeka imifece - amabhola amancane ombala onesihlabathi esiphuzi. Umkhumbi ngamunye uqukethe amaqanda amaningana, okuvela kuwo izikelemu ezincane ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto angu-7-8 asuke esekulungele ukukhiqiza inzalo uqobo. Abaholi abangenakuqhathaniswa emazingeni okukhiqiza kabusha yi-Prospectors - umuntu oyedwa ukhiqiza inzalo yabantu abayi-1500 ngonyaka.
Izimakethe ezingenzeka zokuthengisa
Izikelemu ezikhulayo kungaba yibhizinisi elinenzuzo ngempela uma ukhathazeka ngemakethe yemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe nokwandisa imfuyo kusengaphambili.
- IVermicompost ngumanyolo onobungani emvelweni, osebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwanda kwesivuno sezitshalo, izithombo ezikhulayo, izimbali, njll. Ngakho-ke, abathengi be-biohumus bangaba amapulazi, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, izithombo zokugcina izimbali, kanye nosomabhizinisi abazimele ababandakanyeka ekuzalaneni kwezitshalo.
- I-Live biomass ingukudla okubalulekile kwamaprotheni okunomsoco wezinkukhu namapulazi ezinkukhu.
- Ukudla okuphilayo okuyisimo sezibungu kusebenza njengomkhiqizo obalulekile futhi onempilo emapulazini ezinhlanzi.
- Izikelemu zifunwa kakhulu njengokudla kwezilwane ezitolo zezilwane.
Ukukhiqiza inzuzo
Ngokwezibalo zabalimi bemisundu, inzuzo yepulazi lezikelemu ingaphakathi kuka-150%. I-Prospector eyodwa ngonyaka inika inzalo yabantu abayi-1500 kanye ne-100 kg yomanyolo obaluleke kakhulu - i-biohumus. Kusuka ku-1 ithani lomquba ovuniwe, ungathola umanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu ongafika ku-600 kg kanye no-10-15 kg wabantu abasha.
Amapulazi okhulisa izibungu nokukhiqiza i-vermicompost akukhona nje ukulima okunenzuzo futhi okunenzuzo, kepha futhi nokucebisa imvelo ngezinto eziwusizo, ithuba lokuthola imikhiqizo yokudla efanele imvelo.