I-hazel ejwayelekile iyisihlahlana esinqumayo, esifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10. Kunjalo Isihlahlana sinezinto zokwelapha... Ngakho-ke, abantu babiza i-hazel hazel.
Incazelo ye-hazel ejwayelekile
Lesi sitshalo singesomndeni we-hazel. Amaqabunga kaHazel makhulu, anemiphetho enejagged, abomvu ekwindla... Amagxolo esihlahlana anombala onsundu onemigqa eguqukayo. Kukhona uhlelo lwempande olunamandla olukhula ngokushesha okukhulu ekujuleni kwenhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokutshala, i-shrub ikhula kancane, ikhula kancane kancane ekukhuleni. Izimbali zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amacici akhiwa ezihlahleni cishe u-5-7 cm ubude, awashadile futhi aqoqwe izingcezu eziningana ndawonye. Izithelo ziyinati oval elitholakala kumcamelo oluhlaza. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Kuze kube namantongomane angama-20 angakhiwa enzalweni, kepha amantongomane ama-2-5 ajwayelekile kakhulu... Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni eyi-8. Lesi sihlahlana sinesibindi eside, iminyaka yaso ifinyelela eminyakeni eyikhulu, futhi iyamelana nesithwathwa.
UHazel ubekezelela ngomoya ophansi umthunzi, kepha uyakhula futhi ukhule kangcono ezindaweni ezikhanyayo.
Ngokwemvelo, i-hazel itholakala eRussia, eCaucasus naseCrimea. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-10.
- I-hazel ejwayelekile
- Okufana nesihlahla
- Kukhulu
- IsiManchu
- Okungafani
- Uphondo
Isihlahla somuthi
Ithole igama lebhere. Isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ukuphakama, amamitha ayi-8 ububanzi... Amagxolo esihlahlana asimpunga futhi ashawa ngamacwecwe. Ikhula kancane kakhulu. Ekwindla amaqabunga aphuzi. Izithelo zehazel yesihlahla zihlukaniswe zaba izingcezu ezicijile. Isihlahlana asithobeki, siyabekezelela isomiso, futhi sijwayela noma yisiphi isimo sezulu.
I-Lombard nut
Isihlahlana se-hazel enkulu (ILombard nut) inamagatsha ampunga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ubude. Amaqabunga makhulu, acijile. Ibekezelela kabi isithwathwa. Imvamisa ikhula emazweni aseBalkan.
I-hazel yaseManchurian
Yisihlahlana esinemiqu eminingi, has a umphongolo ubude kusuka 3 kuya 7 amamitha... Amagxolo e-hazel ansundu, amaqabunga ayindilinga, futhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo zingamantongomane angama-oblong. Isihlahlana siyabekezelela umthunzi futhi siyamelana nesithwathwa. Kutholakala ePrimorsky naseKhabarovsk Territories.
I-hazel ehlukahlukene
I-shrub eminyene kakhulu efinyelela kumamitha amane ukuphakama... Amaqabunga ashintsha umbala. Luhlaza ehlobo, lubomvu entwasahlobo, luphuzi ekwindla. Isihlahlana sithanda ukukhanya, singabekezelela umthunzi, simelana nesithwathwa, sibekezelela isomiso. Iqala ukuthela izithelo kusenesikhathi. Ikhula e-Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia.
I-hazel enezimpondo
Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Inomqhele ogqamile namaqabunga aphuzi okweqanda... Lathola igama lalo esithelweni esifana nophondo. Ikhula eNyakatho Melika.
Ukwakheka nezinzuzo ze-hazelnut
Ama-hazelnut, abizwa ngokuthi ama-hazelnut, yiwona avame kakhulu futhi athandwa yizinhlobo zamantongomane. Ama-hazelnuts athathwa njengamantongomane abalulekile futhi amnandi, okunomsoco izikhathi eziningana kunesinkwa nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Ama-hazelnuts anezakhiwo ezinenzuzo, inani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo namandla, futhi ahlanganiswe namavithamini namaminerali.
Inqwaba yezithelo yakhiwa ngamafutha, ingxenye yesihlanu yamaprotheni nama-amino acid. Amantongomane aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali:
- Potassium
- I-Phosphorus
- Magnesium
- Sodium
- Ithusi
- Insimbi
Zonke izinto ezisohlwini zokwelapha nezokwelapha zigcwalisa umzimba ngamandla. Amafutha we-hazelnut aqukethe ama-asidi angavikela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukukhula nokuthuthuka komzimba, amantongomane alusizo ezinganeni, nasebekhulile ukugcina amandla nempilo... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hazelnut aqukethe izinto ezingahlanza umzimba futhi zisuse ubuthi. Amavithamini avimbela ukuvela kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, izithelo, amaqabunga, amagxolo, izimpande kuyasetshenziswa. IHazel iyi-laxative esetshenziselwa uhudo. I-decoction evela kumagxolo esihlahla ingasebenza njengomuthi wemithambo ye-varicose.
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-hazelnut ekuphekeni... I-walnut isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene futhi ingezwa nasezintweni ezibhakiwe.
Amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-Hazel asetshenziswa ku-cosmetology. Amafutha kanye ne-decoction yamaqabunga e-walnut asetshenziselwa ukulwa nokulahleka kwezinwele.
Kepha, kanye nezinto eziwusizo, kukhona ukuphikisana... Udinga ukudla inani elilinganiselwe lamantongomane, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodala ikhanda nokuphendula okweqile.
Ukutshala nokunakekela isihlahla
Ngokutshala okulungile kwe-hazel, kufanele ukhethe indawo yamahhala, ekhanyiswe yilanga. Isihlahla sikhula kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, asizithandi izindawo ezinamanzi nezinesihlabathi... Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukulungisa indawo engeke ikhukhule izithombo lapho kufika intwasahlobo.
Ekwindla isikhathi esihle sokutshala, kepha ungatshala izithombo entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-Ephreli. Cabanga ngebanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla njengoba zikhula okungenani amamitha amahlanu. Ukuze kuvunwe, kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlahlana ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, izihlahla eziphakathi impova.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi isihlahlana sisodwa asitheli zithelo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuthenga isithombo esincane, ungakumba ehlathini. Lungisa umgodi ngokumba ngehalavu, u-80 x 80 cm ngosayizi no-80 cm ukujula... I-Humus, umanyolo umhlabathi omnyama wethulwa emgodini ngamunye, futhi uxutshwe nomhlabathi. Yakha imbobo ezungeze izithombo bese uthela ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa i-mulching nge-sawdust noma utshani.
Ngemuva kokutshala, i-shrub encane kufanele iphuziswe, isuswe ukhula, yondliwe ngamanyolo, futhi iphathwe ngokumelene nezinambuzane. Ngemuva kokutshala i-shrub encane, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulule umhlabathi bese uwunisela, ikakhulukazi ehlobo lapho kushisa khona. Isihlahla esidala asidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi; kuyadingeka ukuthena izithelo ezinhle. Uma uthenga, udinga ukuqaphela izithombo, izithombo, zithela izithelo eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, i-nut incane ngosayizi... IHazel ikhula emahlathini ahlanganisiwe naconiferous, emathafeni, ngasemifuleni. IHazel isabalele eRussia, eCaucasus, eYurophu nasePrimorsky Territory.
Imithetho yokuzala nokutshala
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ziyi-vegetative nembewu. Indlela yembewu isetshenziswa lapho kukhula izithombo. Ukuhlwanyela, amantongomane avuthiwe ayathathwa, ahlwanyelwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna ngo-Septhemba.
Izihlahlana zezinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa ngemifino:
- Izinhla
- AmaRhizomes
- Ukugoma
- Ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla
- Izithelo
Lapho kusakazwa ngokuhlelwa amahlumela amancane agobile futhi anezimpande emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokudabula ehlathini. Konke kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha ukuze kungalimazi efihlekile, okuzonikeza amahlumela amancane.
Ukukhula kweRhizome isitshalo sivela ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Amahlumela angaphezu kwekhulu akhiwa esihlahleni esisodwa, futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha. Hlukanisa ama-rhizomes amathathu ehlobo emaphethelweni ehlathi usebenzisa i-hatchet, ifosholo noma i-hacksaw. Amahlumela anezimpande ezibuthakathaka, atshalwe emgodini owodwa, izingcezu ezi-3 lilinye. Futhi ezinkulisa, zikhula cishe iminyaka emibili ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande.
IHazel isakazwa ngokuhlukanisa ihlathi... Isihlahlana esisiphuliwe sehlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana ukuze isiphunzi ngasinye sibe nezimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuchelela okuningi kuyalandela, ukuze kusinde kahle ehlathini. Kakade ngonyaka wesithathu, izithombo ezinjalo ziqala ukuthela izithelo.
Ukusabalalisa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ama-cuttings avunwa ekwindla, futhi agcinwe endaweni epholile. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo esinqeni, emfantwini noma ngemuva kwegxolo. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwamagxolo kuthatha izimpande kangcono. Imigomo isakazwa nge-varnish yensimu futhi imbozwe ngocwecwe. Ngemuva kokuqhamuka, ifilimu iyasuswa.
Izicucu zeHazel zigxiliwe endlini ngomswakama ophezulu... Kuyadingeka ukusika izithombo ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude, ususe amaqabunga aphansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, lungiselela ukwakheka kwesihlabathi, i-peat, umhlaba ne-humus. Ama-cuttings atshalwa emabhokisini anomhlaba oswakanyisiwe ngaphansi kwefilimu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, ifilimu iyasuswa.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvunwa kwe-hazel kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu, lapho isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo ngoSepthemba.
Ukuvuthwa kwesithelo kunqunywa ukutholakala kwegobolondo eliphuzi nokuchitheka.
Lapho unyakazisa isihlahla, amantongomane angakawi kufanele anikezwe isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma esevuthiwe, amantongomane awafanele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu. Kudingeka zome isikhashana endaweni eyomile nenomoya. Kunconywa ukugcina amantongomane ezikhwameni lapho kudlula khona umoya.... Lapho kuvunwa, umhlaba unyathelwa phansi kwezihlahla, kufanele ukhululwe, uniselwe futhi uvundiswe ngemuva kwalokho.
Ukuvezwa kwezifo nezinambuzane
Ukuvezwa kwezifo nezinambuzane nezifo ze-hazel akuvamile neze. Kukhona izinambuzane eziningi zasehlathini:
- I-Aphid
- Isihlangu
- Ibhungane le-Weevil
Izithelo ezilimele zithelwa ngamacimbi ngobuningi obukhulu. Isilokazane esiyingozi i-weevil beetle... Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, udla amaqabunga, emva kwalokho abekele amaqanda. Kuvela isibungu ngaphakathi kwamantongomane, esiququda konke okuqukethwe. Ekulweni nezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukufafaza izihlahla ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngesixazululo se-chlorophos noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Kuthathwa izinyathelo zokususa amahlamvu namantongomane alimele eduze kwesihlahla.
Ezakhiweni zensimu, isihlahla esihle se-hazel namanje asivamile, yize i-shrub ithandwa. Isihlahlana sinamanani amaningi kwezokwelapha, kanti ukhuni lunenani elithile kwifenisha nasekukhiqizeni izimboni... Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shrub iyinto enhle kunoma iyiphi ingadi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.