Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kokutshalwa kwe-mulard kubuyela emuva ku-1960 eFrance. I-Mulard iyinhlanganisela yenkomba yenyama, etholakala ngokuwela amadrake edada le-musky (Indo-duck) namadada asePeking.
I-hybrid yadalelwa ukwenza ngcono izimfanelo zezinhlobo zabazali ukuze ithole umuntu omusha othuthukisiwe. I-Mulard ayitholakali endle, ayizalanisi yodwa futhi ikhuliswa ekhaya kuphela ngokuya komuntu.
Incazelo yohlobo lwezinyoni
Ama-Mulards makhulu izinyoni ezinombala omhlophe ezinendawo emnyama ekhanda, kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi i-hybrid kulula ukuyihlukanisa namanye amadada. Abantu abadala bakhulu kunabazali babo (idada iPeking neMuscovy). Isifuba iminyene, ifindo, yakhiwe kahle, inezimpiko eziqinile. Inhloko Usayizi ophakathi nendawo, uqhwaku olukhanyayo, side, amehlo amnyama, intamo ende. Imilenze emifushane ophuzi, umsila omncane.
UMulard akazali, ngakho-ke, la madada awasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-drake enza ucansi, futhi amadada azalela amaqanda, kepha ngenxa yokuthi awatholakali ngaphandle kwenzalo evundisiwe, leli qiniso lifakazelwe yizifundo eziningi nokuhlolwa. Ama-hybridi ahlonishwa ngenxa yokudla kwawo okuhle kakhulu, okunamafutha aphansi (iphesenti lamafutha angama-3% kuphela) inyama, njenge-Indo-ubisi, ngaphandle kwephunga elithile, kanye nesibindi esikhulu esinamafutha esisetshenziselwa ukwenza isidlo esikhulu senyama ye-foie gras. Uma kuqhathaniswa namadada asePeking, ama-mulardy azolile, awanamsindo kangako futhi ahlanzekile.
Izimo zokuboshwa nokunakekelwa
Ama-Mulards alungele ukunakekelwa kwezimboni nezasekhaya. Endaweni yezimboni i-hybrid itshalwe ezindlini ezikhethekile zezinkukhu ezifakwe zonke izindlela ezidingekayo nobuchwepheshe. Amadada asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala, kanti amadrake asetshenziselwa ukuthola isibindi. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa ukufuywa kwezinkukhu phansi nangamakheji.
Ukukhula ezindaweni zomndeni i-mulard ayihlukile kokuqukethwe kwamadada ezinye izinhlobo neziphambano. Ehlobo, kunenzuzo yokonga ukugcina inyoni emaphethelweni ifakwe ama-feeder akhethekile nabaphuzayo. Ebusuku, amadada afakwa esibayeni bese ayavalwa. I-Mulard kuyaqabukela ishiywe ebusika, ngoba ayikulungele ukuzalaniswa, futhi phakathi nenkathi ungathola idada elilungele ukuhlatshwa kudada. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokukhula, asikho isidingo samabhilidi amakhulu kanye namabhilidi afakwe kahle. Ukugcinwa okulungile kwemulard ikamelo elilula elinezitezi ezinhle futhi elingenayo imigodi yamagundane nezinye izilwane ezidlayo ukungena lanele. Akufanele kube khona okusalungiswa esibayeni. Ngasohlangothini lwaseningizimu, kwenziwa umgodi endlini, umgodi ongaphezulu phansi kufanele ube ngu-5-8 cm futhi uvalwe uvalwe ngomnyango. Indlu yenkukhu kufanele yakhiwe ngokuya ngenani lamadada nge-1 sq. m 3 amakhanda. Ekuhambeni inyoni kufanele izizwe ikhululekile, ngakho-ke imitha elilodwa lesikwele labelwe ikhanda elilodwa. m indawo. Ukondla, sebenzisa ama-feeder akhethekile angu-110 cm ubude no-23 cm ububanzi ezinyonini ezindala, nasezilwaneni ezincane 100x14.5. bheka Kwenziwa ukwahlukanisa ngaphezulu kwama-feeder ukuze izinyoni zingakusabalalisi ukudla. Kungcono ukusebenzisa abaphuza izingono ukuthola amanzi.
Ukushisa kwendlu kufanele kube ngu-16-18 ° C, nomswakama ka-60-70%. Isembozo saphansi senziwe ngokhuni lwesaha, ukushefa noma utshani. Indlu kufanele ihlanzwe njalo futhi ifakwe umoya.
Izici zabantu abadala: isisindo samadrake namadada
Isisindo se-Mulard - 4-7 kg. Umehluko wesisindo phakathi kwamadrake namadada ngama-g angu-500 kuphela. Ezinyangeni ezintathu inyoni izuza ama-4 kg. Ngokutshalwa kwesikhathi eside, isisindo sifinyelela ku-7 kg, cishe njengesisindo sehansi. Isibindi i-mulard 500-550 g. Ukudla okuphakelayo ngosuku 340 g.
Ukuze uthole ama-mulards, ungawela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. AmaDrake amadada ama-musk ahlanganiswe namadada asePeking, amadada eRouen, amadada e-Orgpington nama-Allies. Ngenxa yalokhu kuwela, amadada atholakala ngemibala ehlukene nemibala.
Ukondla nokuzalanisa
Kusukela mulard engakwazi ukuzala, bese kusetshenziswa amadada ama-musk namaPeking ukuthola amadada. Ukuthola ama-mulards, imindeni yakhiwa kusuka ku-1 musky drake namadada ama-Peking ayi-4-6. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokukhwelana izinyanga eziyi-7-10. Amadada aqala beka iqandafuthi ezinsukwini eziyi-180-210. Cishe amaqanda ayi-15-20 abekwa ngaphansi kwesikhukhukazi.
OKUBALULEKILE! Ukuqandeka kwamachwane ngaphansi kwesikhukhukazi sama-60%, kuthi ku-incubator kucishe kube ngu-100%, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-incubator kube lusizo futhi kungabizi kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa nokuzithoba kwalo nokuvuthwa kwalo kusenesikhathi, izimo ezithile kufanele zinakwe lapho zizalaniswa. Lapho amadada aqala ukuvela, ayalungiswa indawo yokuhlala... Ngokuya ngenani lamachwane, lokhu kungaba yibhokisi noma igumbi lonke. Udoti noma utshani babekwa phansi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amadada athola ukushisa komama bawo, futhi ezimweni zokufakelwa, eminye imithombo ifakiwe. KU-IN izinsuku zokuqala zokuphila indlu kufanele ihlinzekwe ngokushisa, izinga lokushisa endlini 28-30 ° С, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuncishisiwe kwaba ngu-23 ° С. Ukukhanyisa idlala indima ebalulekile ezinsukwini zokuqala futhi isiza amadada ukujwayela izimo zangaphandle. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ukukhanyisa kufanele kube ubusuku nemini. Ngemuva kokuthi izingane zikhule kancane, ukukhanya kuyehla kuya emahoreni ayi-15-17 ngosuku.
Ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa, amadada awakwazi ukuzidlela, asetshenziselwa ukuwondla amakhithi akhethekilekuthengiswa emakhemisi wezilwane. Ama-mulards ngokwawo aqala ukudla izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngemuva kokuthi amadada achanyuselwe futhi omile, ayathengiswa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate... Okuphakelayo kokuqala iqanda elibilisiwe futhi eliqoshwe kahle. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-10, okusanhlamvu okuchotshozwe kahle kuyongezwa ekudleni. Kusukela ezinsukwini eziyishumi ubudala ama-mulards anikezwa ama-2 ngosuku. Kusuka emavikini ama-2 kuyadingeka ukunikeza i-duckweed. Into ebalulekile ekondleni amadada inyama nenyama yethambo kanye ne-bran. Ukwenza i-calcium ibe yisijwayelekile emzimbeni, amagobolondo achotshoziwe afakwa ekudleni. Amadada ayadinga phakela ngemixube yamaminerali: ushoki, i-limestone ne-shell rock. Ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zokugaya ukudla, amadada anikezwa amatshe. Amadada kufanele abe namanzi ahlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kunokwenzeka, njengesengezo, kuvunyelwe ukunikeza ushizi we-cottage ngenani le-1 gramu ekhanda ngalinye.
OKUBALULEKILE! I-Mulard ayikhawulelwanga ekudleni, ngoba ayithambekele ekuqongeleleni amafutha, futhi lapho kusondliwa kakhulu, kukhula kuphela isisindo semisipha.
Ukudla kwamadada kufanele iqukathe kuze kufike ku-20% wamaprotheni, i-1 kg yama-akhawunti ama-feed angama-2800 kcal wamandla. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3, isikimu sokondla siyakhethwa: kukhulu, kubanzi futhi kuqine.
Ubuchwepheshe obunzulu yi ukondla amaphilisi, okumele okungenani ibe namaprotheni ayi-17%. Ubuchwepheshe obunamandla amancane bususelwa ekuphakeleni nge-granular, wet and feed bulk. Ngendlela ebanzi, i-roughage nokusanhlamvu kuyondliwa kusetshenziswa izithasiselo zokudla. Ukusuka emavikini ama-5-6 izinyoni ziyadedelwa ziye emadlelweni. Ukuhlatshwa kwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyi-3-4, lapho ama-mulards efinyelela isisindo esihle sokuphila.
I-Foie gras yokondla i-mulard
Ama-drake okhuluphele ukuthola isibindi esinamafutha kunezinyathelo ezi-3. Emavikini amathathu okuqala empilo, amaphuphu ondliwa ngendlela ejwayelekile. Lapho-ke le nyoni itshalwa ifakwe emakhejini amancane namancane ukuze ingakwazi ukuhamba kakhulu. Emavikini la-4 lalandzelako, emadada afunzwa kudla lokuphakeme kwesitashi kanye ne-protein, lokufaka sandla ekukhuleni lokushesha kakhulu kwalenyoni. Kusukela emavikini ayi-8-10, isigaba sokudla okuphoqelelwe siqala. Ukudla kududulelwa emphinjeni kusetshenziswa isikulufa esineshubhu, ngale ndlela inyoni ithola u-1.8 kg wokusanhlamvu ngosuku. Ukudla okuphoqelelwe ihlala izinsuku eziyi-12-21.
UKUTHAKAZELA UKWAZI: isibindi sama-mulards esondliwa ngama-foie gras sikhula ngokuphindwe kashumi ubukhulu baso obujwayelekile.
Izifo zamadada ngesikhathi sokukhulisa
Ama-Mulards aqinile kakhulu futhi Ama-nzalo amelana nezifo... Babekezelela ukubanda nokushisa ngokweqile kahle. Ngokudla okulinganiselayo, inyoni ikhula ngokushesha futhi ayihlushwa ukushoda kwamavithamini. Kepha, naphezu kwezimo zabo ezinhle zokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ama-mulards asengathinteka kwezinye izifo, okuchazwe ngezansi.
I-Aspergillosis
Le nyoni itheleleka ngalesi sifo ngokuhogela amasaha, aqukethe ukhunta olukhula otshanini obubunjiwe kanye nokudla okudala. Ezimweni ezingama-50%, ukufa kwenzeka. Izimpawu: ukukhathala, ukungathandi ukudla, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, ukuphuma kwamakhala nokukhubazeka kwemilenze nezimpiko kuvela ezingeni lokugcina. Ekwelapheni i-aspergillosis, kungezwa emanzini isixazululo esingagxili kakhulu se-copper sulfate, kepha i-nystatin yengezwa kokuphakelayo.
Behlwitha izimpaphe
Enye yezinkinga ezinzima ze-mulard ukuphosa izimpaphe. Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa ebalulekile ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni emzimbeni noma izimo ezingezinhle zokuboshwa. Endaweni encane, engcolile futhi engenamoya omncane, izimpaphe zezinyoni zingcola ngokushesha, okwenza amadada azihlanze kaningi. Ukuze uvikele ukukhishwa, kuyadingeka ukulinganisela izabelo zawo wonke ama-macro kanye nama-microelements futhi kuhambisane nezindinganiso zenhlanzeko nezenhlanzeko endlini yenkukhu.
I-Cloacite
Lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luvela kwi-cloaca yedada, futhi ubomvu bungabonakala esigabeni esiqhubekayo. Ukwelashwa, Okokuqala, bahlanza i-cloaca, bagcobe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ngesisombululo se-iodine futhi basebenzise amafutha e-zinc. Uma lesi sifo sitholwa esigabeni sokuqala, khona-ke idada ngeke lihlupheke futhi nepulazi lakho ngeke lilimale.
Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo
Izinzuzo
Ukuhlanzeka. I-hybrid ihlukaniswa ukuhlanzeka kwayo nokubukeka kahle, ngenxa yale ndawo, i-fluff yabo isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini.
Isimo esizolile. Ngokungafani namadada asePeking, ama-mulards awazwakali, aziphathe kahle futhi angabacasuli abalimi ngomsindo oqhubekayo.
Ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni. UMulard ngokushesha uthola isisindo ngokudla okujwayelekile, njengamanye amadada, futhi sekunezinyanga eziyi-3-4 beya ekuhlatshweni.
Izici zenyama ephezulu. Abesifazane basetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhuluphala. Inyama kaMulard incike impela, ngoba ngenkathi yokukhula inyoni iqoqa kuphela isisindo semisipha. Inyama ayinalo iphunga elithile, ithambile futhi imnandi.
Ama-foie gras. Kuyisibindi se-mulard esisetshenziselwa ukulungisa isidlo esihle se-foie gras dish. Ukuthola ama-foie gras, kusetshenziswa ama-drake kuphela; ngesikhathi sokukhuluphala, isibindi sifinyelela ku-500-550 g.
Ukuzithoba. Ama-Mulards awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ukugcinwa kwawo kushibhile kakhulu kunamadada ajwayelekile. Ama-hybrids avumelana kahle nezimo ezibandayo nezishisayo.
Yokuntula
Awukwazi ukuthola inzalo. Njengoba ama-mulards eyinhlanganisela, izilwane ezincane azikwazi ukutholwa kuzo, ngakho-ke, ngokuzalanisa, kuyadingeka ukuwela idada le-musky nePeking njalo.
Abakubekezeleli ukuswakama. Lokhu akuyona inkinga ebucayi, kepha kusengcono ukugcina i-mulardov ezibayeni ezomile ukuvimbela izifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuzalela i-mulard ekhaya kulula kakhulukunedada elijwayelekile. Ungathenga amaqanda uwafake ku-incubator noma uthenge amadada ngokushesha. Kulula isizini kukhula idada eligcwele, esivele isikwe ekwindla. Kunenqwaba yenyama futhi cishe ayinamafutha amancane, kungcono ukuyisika ezinyangeni ezine, akunangqondo ukuyigcina futhi idada liyoba nzima. Ukudla kwe-Mulard akudli ngaphezu kwedada le-Peking, kepha kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi isidumbu sikhulu. Akunasidingo sokwakha izindlu ezinkulu zasebusika: Ngathenga amadada entwasahlobo, ngawabulala ekwindla angabi nankinga I-plus enkulu ithi isisindo esifanayo samadada namadrake, hhayi ukuthi kweminye imihlobo yeduna inkulu, kepha kowesifazane akukho okubonwayo. I-Mulard ilungele ukukhula kwekhaya: iyashesha, ishibhile futhi iyinambitha.
I-Mulardy, mhlawumbe, i-hybrid engcono kakhulu yedada. Wonke umuntu uyazi izimfanelo zakhe zenyama nokuzuza kwesisindo ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane. Lawa madada ahloniphekile kakhulu futhi aziphatha kahle egcekeni. Amadada ngesisindo awehlukile kumadrake... Le hybrid isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isibindi esikhulu se-foie gras. Azizaliseli, kepha lokhu kuyinkinga encane, ungahlala uthenga amaphuphu noma amaqanda ukuze ufukamele. Futhi uma kukhona ithuba nesikhathi, khona-ke emapulazini asizayo, imindeni yamadada asePeking musk ayakhiwa futhi ngosizo lwawo minyaka yonke ungathola inzalo ye-mulard. UMulard - lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuthola ikhwalithi ephezulu nenyama enciphile.