Ukuthenwa kwekwindla kwezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana kufanele kwenziwe minyaka yonke. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, kuzoholela ekukhuleni komqhele. Esikhathini somqhele oqinile, izinambuzane nezifo ziyanqwabelana, okubangela ukwehla noma ukulahleka kwesivuno sonke.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuthena izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla
Uma isihlahla singathenwa iminyaka eminingana, inani elikhulu lamagatsha lingadinga ukususwa. Kepha akukhuthazwa ukukwenza lokhu ngasikhathi. Kungcono ukuthena lezi zihlahla eminyakeni eminingana.
Lapho uthena izihlahla zezithelo, kulula kakhulu ukulimaza isitshalo, ikakhulukazi lapho uthena izihlahla ezincane. ngakho-ke lapho uqala ukuthena, udinga ukuthi wazi kahle ukuthi iliphi igatsha nokuthi kungani lidinga ukususwa ngqo.
Imiphumela yokuthenwa okungalungile kwezihlahla ezincane kunzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa, kwesinye isikhathi ize ingenzeki.
Lapho uthena izihlahla zezithelo, kufanele uthobele imithetho eyisisekelo:
- Ukusika okukodwa awukwazi ukususa inani elikhulu lamagatsha amakhulu ngasikhathi sinye... Lokhu kungasenza buthaka isihlahla futhi kubangele nezifo noma ukufa ngokuzayo.
- Amagatsha anezimpawu zezifo ephukile noma eyomile zihlala zisuswa kuqala.
- Ngemuva kokukhipha amagatsha amakhulu amanxeba ezihlahla kufanele ambozwe ivanishi yensimu.
- Njalo zama ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali neliphezulu, ngensimbi ebuthuntu, ungafaka ukuxhashazwa, okuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
- Zama sebenzisa amathuluzi ahlanzekile kuphela, okokuqala, kulula ukuthi basebenze, futhi okwesibili, ithuluzi elingcolile lingasilimaza isitshalo.
- Lapho uthena izihlahla ezinde zama ukusebenzisa izitebhisi nezikhweli... Noma ithuluzi elikhethekile elenzelwe ukusika amagatsha endaweni ephakeme. Ukukhuphuka kwamagatsha ezihlahla akukhuthazwa, lesi senzo singadala ingozi enkulu esihlahleni.
Izindlela zokuthena izihlahla nezihlahla
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthena izihlahla nezihlahla zezithelo:
- Ukunciphisa;
- Ukuncipha.
Zombili izindlela zokuthena zenziwa ngenhloso yokwaba kabusha izakhamzimba emagatsheni esihlahla.
Ukuthena kukhiqiza ukukhuthaza nokukhula okunamandla kwamahlumela, kuthinta kahle ukwakheka okulungile kwesitshalo. Ukuthena kuholela ekwehlisweni kwenani lamahlumela adla ukudla, indlela esukela ohlelweni lwempande iya emaqabungeni esitshalo ifinyeziwe, okukhuthaza ukukhula.
Iyanciphisa - lokhu ukususwa okuyingxenye engxenyeni engenhla yesibhamu. Ukuthenwa kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane kanye nokuthuthuka kwamafihlelo atholakala ngaphansi kokusika, futhi kukhulisa ukushuba kwamagatsha.
Ukuncipha - lokhu ukususwa okuphelele kwamagatsha. Lokhu kuthenwa kuvimbela umqhele ukuba uqine, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokutheleleka ngezinambuzane, ngakho-ke kwandisa isivuno.
Kuthena izihlahla zokuhlobisa nezamajikijolo
Ukuthenwa kokuqala kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Izithombo ezincane ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala zifinyeza amahlumela abe ngu-10 - 15 cm, akusekho amahlumela angaphezu kuka-3-5 asele kudubula elilodwa.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amahlumela amancane azokhula kusuka kula maqabunga ngonyaka wokuqala.
Kuthenwa izihlahla ekwindla, wonke amagciwane, aphukile noma omile, kanye namahlumela asondele emhlabathini kufanele asuswe. Uma ngonyaka wokuqala wentuthuko i-berry shrub yathuthuka kabi futhi yanikeza ukukhula okubuthakathaka, khona-ke wonke amahlumela kufanele anqunywe cishe aze afike ezingeni lomhlabathi, kusale u-3-5 cm kuphela ngaphezulu.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-shrub kufanele yakhe amahlumela amasha ambalwa anamandla.... Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-shrub kufanele ikhule amagatsha amaningi amancane anamandla.Kwindla, i-shrub nayo ihlanzwe ngokususwa kwamagatsha agulayo, aphukile noma omile.
Lapho ususa amahlumela, ukuthena kwenziwa eduze kwesisekelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Entwasahlobo, udinga futhi ukunaka isimo sehlathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, yenza enye i-sanitary cut.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukusika kwentwasahlobo kwehlathi kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kobisi nokuvuvukala kwamafihlekile.
Ekwindla, ukuthenwa kwendle kwe-shrub futhi, futhi kunqume amagatsha amaningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, isihlahla esikhulile nesithuthuke kahle kufanele sibe namagatsha kusuka kwali-10 kuye kwangama-15 weminyaka ehlukene.
Lapho uthena izihlahla ngokuzayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amagatsha akhula ngamandla ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, bese kuthi izinga lokukhula lehle kakhulu. Futhi ngeminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha, ukukhula kwamagatsha cishe kuyama.
Ezihlahleni ezinamagatsha amaningi amahlumela anqunywa kancane. Izihlahlana ezinegatsha eliphakathi nendawo amagatsha anqunywa ngo-25% wobude, kanti ngebuthakathaka, cishe isigamu sehlumela siyanqunywa.
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahlana kufanele kuqedwe eminyakeni emi-4 ukuya kwengu-5 emva kokutshala.
Isihlahlana esinempilo kufanele ngokuvamile sibe nesilinganiso sokudubula esilandelayo:
- 4 - 5 amagatsha wonyaka
- Amagatsha ama-3 - 4 aphuma minyaka yonke
- 2 - 3 amagatsha eminyaka emithathu
- Amagatsha ama-2 - 3 weminyaka emine nemihlanu.
Amagatsha amadala kuneminyaka engu-5-6 anconywa ukuthi asuswe ngokuphelele.
Amahlumela ama-shrub asuswa ngokuya ngesimo sabo somzimba, isiqondiso namandla okukhula. Futhi lesi silinganiso singashintsha.
Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ngokuvuselela nokuvuselela i-shrub - isivuno sakho esizayo sizoncika kulo msebenzi.
Ungayisika kanjani uthango lwakho ngokwakho?
Ngabe uthango luzobukeka kanjani ngokuzayo, kuya ekubunjweni okulungile ngonyaka wokuqala, ngemuva kokwehla kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okulungile kothango kufanele kuqalwe ngemuva nje kokwehla.
Abalimi abaningi be-amateur abasiki izihlahla ezincane eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, kepha lokhu akulungile. Ukukhipha ukukhula okuphezulu phezulu kwesitshalo, ukuthena okufanele kufanele kwenziwe ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.... Lokhu kuzokhuthaza ukwakheka okuhle kokukhula okusha kwezimpande. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ingxenye engezansi yothango ingavezwa, kuthi phezulu kuqiniswe.
Izitshalo eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukubiyela, njenge-hawthorn, i-snowberry, i-privet, i-comb, ne-mirabelle, zimile. Ngakho-ke, zidinga ikakhulukazi ukuthenwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala.
Sika zonke izitshalo ngemuva nje kokutshalaishiya amahlumela angabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15 ngaphezu komhlaba. Lokhu kuzokhuthaza ukuvuseleleka kabusha kwezendlalelo ezisencane ezinamandla.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, okunye ukusika okuqinile kwesitshalo kumele kwenziwe. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukwakheka okulungile komqhele ominyene. Uma ukuminyana kwezihlahla kubonakala kuwe kunganele, ungaphinda uthenwe futhi ngonyaka ozayo..
Iminyaka yesithathu nangaphezululapho ukwakheka kwezimpande eziqinile kuphela, kudingeka izihlahla zezimonyo zokuhlobisa kuphela. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuthena sincike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo futhi kancane ezimeni zezulu.
Ungasithena kanjani isihlahla sezithelo ngokwakho?
Ukuzithena kwezihlahla kufanele kuqale ngokususwa kwamagatsha omile, agulayo, kanye namadala. Yilawa magatsha anciphisa isivuno semithi yensimu.
Ukuze ungenzi ngengozi ukulimala okungadingekile esihlahleni sezithelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha amagatsha bese unquma inani lamagatsha adinga ukususwa. Kungaba ngcono ukusika igatsha elilodwa elikhulu kunokunquma amancane ambalwa.... Lapho uthena amagatsha, akunconywa ukushiya iziphunzi esiqwini, kepha ukususa lonke igatsha kusisekelo esiqwini uqobo.
Uma uzosika isihlahla sezithelo ekwindla, kufanele, ekuqaleni, ulungiselele ithuluzi. Nakekela ubukhali be-hacksaw, ama-secateurs noma isikele. Izinga lokulimala esitshalweni lincike ebukhulwini baso. Uma ithuluzi lengadi lilolwa kangcono, umonakalo omncane uzokwenziwa esiqwini somuthi.... Ithuluzi elibukhali, bazowenza kangcono umsebenzi wabo.
Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-parasites ahlukahlukene futhi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kwezihlahla, amagatsha asele ngemuva kokuthenwa anconywa ukuthi ashiswe. Futhi umlotha osele ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Umlotha wezinkuni uqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Ngisho nezihlahla ezindala, ezinakekelwa kahle, ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezisezingeni eliphakeme. Kulokhu kufanele susa amagatsha angenasidingo bese wenza umqhele wesihlahla ngehlahla... Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukushiya kuphela amagatsha aqinile futhi amancane kakhulu.
Ukuthena okulungile kwezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle.... Umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuqonda zonke izingqinamba zokulima ingadi kanye bese esebenzisa futhi athuthukise amakhono abo ngokwenza.