Akunakubhekwa njengesifo esingathathelani noma ukubola okuthinta utamatisi ku-greenhouse. Okokuqala, lokhu ukwehla kwesivuno cishe ingxenye yesithathu, okungabandakanya ukwehla kwemali engenayo uma utamatisi etshalwa ezentengiselwano. Kepha uma ubona izinyathelo ezilula zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokutshala kwazo, ungavimbela izinkinga eziningi, esinye sazo ukubola okuphezulu. Sizokhuluma ngezindlela zokulwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sihla esihlokweni.
Kuvelaphi ukubola okuphezulu kutamatisi?
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukuqala kwesifo:
- izimo zokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama onganele... Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi isizathu esiyinhloko. Ngezinsuku ezomile nezishisayo, umswakama uyahwamuka kusuka emaqabungeni, izimpande azikwazi ukugcwalisa isitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele ngenani lamanzi elidingekayo. Umphumela walokhu ukuphuma kwamanzi kusuka ezithelweni kuya emaqabungeni, lapho inani elithile lamaseli etamatisi limane life;
- amazinga aphansi we-calcium emhlabeni. Ezweni elinjalo, ukubonakala kokubola kwe-apical kungenzeka kakhulu;
- ziyingozi futhi izindawo ezinomhlabathi usawoti.
Abalimi bezingadi bavame ukusolwa ngokuvela kwalesi sifo. Abakhombisanga ukukhathazeka ngokulingana kwezakhi zamaminerali ezisemhlabathini, beniselwa ngokungafanele.
Izifo ezahlukahlukene
Lesi sifo singaba semvelo embaxambili, sihlotshaniswa nemvelaphi yefungal noma ye-agronomic. Utamatisi ungathintwa yizinhlamvu zesikhunta ezingcwatshwa emhlabathini bese zidluliselwa ezihlahleni ezinempilo emoyeni.
Izihlahla zivame ukutheleleka impahla yembewu, okwathi ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaqoqwa kutamatisi othintekile. Kulokhu, lesi sifo sibangelwa ukuphazamiseka ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingathathelani
Imbangela yaso inani elanele le-calcium, ukuphazamiseka kokunisela, ushintsho olungazelelwe emibusweni yokushisa ebusuku nasemini.
Ingxenye ethintekile katamatisi ayithambisi, izicubu ziba nsundu ngombala, kwesinye isikhathi zibe mnyama. Lapho welapha isiko, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukulawulwa kokushisa komoya ku-greenhouse, ukukufaka umoya, ukunisela izitshalo kahle usebenzisa amanzi afudumele.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane
Imbangela yayo enkulu amabhaktheriya. Lesi sifo sivele sivele esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. Lapho kuphakama umswakama, izindawo ezithintekile thamba, kuvela iphunga elikhethekile.
I-pathogen ingahanjiswa yizitshalo ze-nightshade noma izinambuzane. Imvamisa, i-pathogen isivele isembewini, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ubhekane nokubola okuphezulu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Udinga nje ukufaka okokutshala kusixazululo se-manganese ukuyikhipha amagciwane.
Uma utamatisi obamba ukushisa ugula ngokubola kwe-apical, zonke izinsalela zezitshalo kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela futhi zishiswe.
Izindlela eziphezulu zokubola nokwelashwa
Izindlela zokuvikela utamatisi kulesi sifo zinqunywa ngokuphelele yizizathu zokubonakala kwaso - inhlabathi eyomile nokuntuleka kwe-calcium.
Kudingekile ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele, ungalethi inhlabathi yomile futhi ishise ngokweqile. Ukudla kwamahlamvu nakho kusetshenziswa, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukwakheka okukhethekile.
Uma izitshalo zingenayo i-calcium eyanele, isisombululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukuphatha izitshalo ngamalungiselelo okuthi, ngaphezu kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, aqukethe ne-boron ne-calcium. Ingxube enjalo isebenza ngokuvumelana, izingxenye zandisa umsebenzi womunye nomunye.
Esinye isilinganiso - umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali uBrexil Caequkethe amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu e-calcium nengxenye yephesenti ye-boron. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokugqoka amaqabunga, kuhlanjululwa ngamanzi ngezinga lamagremu ayishumi ebhakedeni elingu-litre ayishumi. Inqubo inconywa ukuthi yenziwe kanye ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu.
Akufanele kunganakwa ukufaka ulayini - isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokusiza ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge-calcium. Le nqubo yenziwa kahle kakhulu ekwindla, lapho isivuno sesivuniwe ngokuphelele.
Izenzo zokuvimbela
Indlela eyinhloko yokulwa nokuvikela izifo. Okokuqala, akufanele uyenzele izimo ezithandekayo.
Lokhu kudinga:
- khetha izitshalo ezikhulayo umhlaba odla umswakama... Uma umhlabathi okushisa okuluhlaza ungakhanyi kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukufaka kuwo umhlabathi we-peat ne-turf, ozosiza ukugcina amanzi;
- Ngobusuku bokutshala, akufanele ungeze izingoma eziningi zokufaka umanyolo ukuze ungadluli isiko;
- ungatshali izihlahla endlini eshisa kakhulu. Izitshalo zikatamatisi zidinga ukuphinwa futhi zakheke ngesikhathi;
- ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, usebenzisa inani elanele lomswakama;
- ngokusebenzisa umbhede kuzoba nethuba elihle lokugcina umswakama enhlabathini, kuphela ungqimba kuzodingeka luguqulwe kanye ngesonto. Ngenxa yalokhu, utshani obugundiwe, izimbabazane, ukhula ngaphandle kwembewu, umquba, utshani obomile, okokumboza okumhlophe kufanelekile;
- uma kushisa kuyalandela khuthaza ukushisa kokushisathunzi izitshalo ngendwangu emhlophe. Uma i-greenhouse yenziwa ngengilazi, khona-ke ingagcotshwa ngomcako ngekalika.
Eminye imithombo yezifo ezithathelwanayo yilezi amanzi, inhlabathi, ukhula lwezitshalo ze-nightshade, ama-parasites ayingozi... Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zanoma yisiphi isifo sebhaktheriya zizolunga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma izifo ezifanayo sezivele ziphawuliwe ekutshalweni eminyakeni edlule.
Izinyathelo ezinjalo kufanele zibandakanye ukuqoqwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezinsalela zezitshalo, utamatisi othintekile, ukulwa nezilokazane eziyingozi nokhula, ukugcinwa kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukushintshanisa amasiko, khona-ke kunconywa phakathi kwezinkathi emibhedeni tshala umquba oluhlaza, okuzothi ngemuva kokutshalwa kuzofakwa emhlabathini.
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo, lapho kwakukhona ukubola okuphezulu kutamatisi, zinomoya, zifakwa amagciwane, inhlabathi ekuzo ishintsha ngokuphelele.
Usebenzisa izincomo ezingenhla, ungazivikela ngokuphelele izitshalo zakho zikatamatisi ekuboleni okuphezulu, unikeze izimo ezijwayelekile zokukhula nentuthuko yazo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqiniseka ukuthi isivuno sizokuvuza ngesivuno esihle.