Ama-raspberries amajikijolo athandwa kakhulu, enokunambitheka okukhangayo nezakhiwo zezempilo.
Isikhathi lapho leli berry lisetshenziswa emithini yesintu njenge-ejenti yokuphulukisa sinquma isidingo esikhulu esingakaqanjwa.
Ukukhula nokuthengisa okusajingijolo ibhizinisi ithole intuthuko ebanzi kuze kube manje kuphela eNtshonalanga Yurophu, enquma amathemba ayo aphezulu.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zebhizinisi le-raspberry
Ngaphambi kokwenza isu lebhizinisi elisho ukubalwa okuthile, kufanele unake izinzuzo ezijwayelekile kanye nokungahambi kahle kwebhizinisi okukhulunywa ngalo.
Izinzuzo zifaka phakathi:
- Ukufuneka okukhulu kwamajikijolo okunokuhlinzekwa okuncane. Kunzima impela ukuthola ama-raspberries emashalofini ezitolo.
- Cishe noma yisiphi isiqeshana somhlaba sikulungele ukukhula. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kungahle kungafaneli ama-raspberries, kepha kungalungiswa.
- Ngenxa yokufunwa okuphezulu nokuhlinzekwa okuphansi, izindleko zamajikijolo ziphakeme impela, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze inzuzo noma ngesivuno esingabalulekile.
- Ngokuya ngezincomo zokutshala isihlahla nokunakekelwa kwaso, isivuno singaba sikhulu. Uma isihlahla sitholakala ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile, khona-ke okuningi kuya ngesimo sezulu esikhona. Muva nje, ama-raspberries akhula ngokuya ezimeni zokushisa.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-raspberries. Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo abo sihluke kakhulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ibhizinisi libe nenzuzo enkulu ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo emisha isikhathi eside.
Noma kunjalo, kukhona nokubi:
- Amajikijolo onakala ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ujamu nokulondolozwa, okwenziwa ngamajikijolo, abantu abaningi bathanda ukuzenzela bodwa.
- Kuphela ezimeni zokushisa okushisayo lapho ingozi yokulahleka kwezitshalo ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezimbi ingancishiswa kakhulu.
- Ukulungisa ukuluma okusajingijolo kuyinqubo ekhandlayo.
- Imali engenayo evela ebhizinisini okukhulunywa ngalo izoba ingxenye eyodwa yonyaka.
Ngaphandle kobukhona beziphambeko ezinkulu, ibhizinisi okukhulunywa ngalo linesidingo esikhulu ngokuhlinzekwa okuncane, eyakha intengo yamajikijolo, inquma ukuheha kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi webhizinisi.
Ukuze uhlanganyele ngokusemthethweni ekutshaleni amajikijolo nokuthengiswa kwawo, kufanele ubhalise ibhizinisi lakho.
Ukubhaliswa kwezamabhizinisi
Umbuzo obalulekile ukukhetha indlela yokwenza ibhizinisi. Lapho utshala izitshalo ezweni lakho noma lapho uqashe khona ukuze uthole ukuthengiswa kwenzuzo, ungahlela izindlela ezilandelayo zokwenza ibhizinisi:
- I-SNT - ubudlelwano obungenzi nzuzo be-horticultural... Lolu hlobo lokubhaliswa kwebhizinisi lusetshenziswa lapho umuntu ethengisa umkhiqizo okhulile esizeni sakhe ngokuwunikela ezisekelweni ezinkulu ezinkulu. Kulokhu, ukubhaliswa kuqukethe ukuthola isitifiketi sokutholakala kwekotishi lasehlobo. Ungathola idokhumenti edingekayo kubaphathi besifunda.
- Ibhizinisi ngalinye noma usomabhizinisi ngamunye - uhlobo lokubhaliswa kwemisebenzi, okusho ukuhlinzekwa ngamathuba okuzibona ngokwakho umkhiqizo okhulile. Kulokhu, umuntu ongumnikazi wesiza futhi osungule ukutshalwa kwama-raspberry angasebenza njengenhlangano esemthethweni yokuphothula izinkontileka ezahlukahlukene: ukuqasha abasebenzi, ukuhlela ukuthengisa, njalonjalo. Ubunzima obuvelayo lapho ukhetha ukubhaliswa kwebhizinisi okunekhono elinjalo yisidingo sokuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo.
- Inkampani Yezikweletu Elinganiselwe noma i-LLC - indlela yokubhalisa, ekhethwa uma kunesidingo ukuheha abalingani ebhizinisini lakho. Kulokhu, ophathina bangasebenza njengabasunguli noma ababolekisi.
Uma kungekho okuhlangenwe nakho kwezamabhizinisi, futhi ivolumu yokulima ayibalulekile, khona-ke kunconywa ukuhlela i-SNT.
Isikimu sokuklama esenziwe lula sizovumela thengisa ama-raspberries ngamaqoqo amancane bese usetha izinqubo zokukhiqiza nezamabhizinisi.
Uma ivolumu yokulima izokwanda kakhulu, khona-ke i-IP iyakhishwa. Ukubhaliswa okusemthethweni njengenhlangano esemthethweni kuvumela ukuheha ababolekisi abangasheshisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi.
Ngokulungiswa okufanele kohlelo lwebhizinisi, izimali ezitshaliwe ziletha imali ngesikhathi esifushane.
Lapho ubheka udaba lokubhaliswa kwemisebenzi yezamabhizinisi, bhekisisa, ukuthi indlela yentela enhle kunazo zonke intela yezolimo ehlanganisiwe, isilinganiso sayo esingu-6%.
Uma ucwaningomabhuku luthatha ukuthi isabelo somkhiqizo wezolimo singaphansi kwama-70%, kusetshenziswa indlela yentela ejwayelekile.
Ungaqala kanjani ukutshala ama-raspberries?
Amaphuzu we-pivot, akhonjiswa lapho kwakhiwa uhlelo lwebhizinisi, akhulisa amathuba enzuzo enhle.
Unyaka wokuqala uyalandela:
- Yenza ukukhetha okusajingijolo okuhlukahlukene.
- Bala inani elidingekayo lezinto zokutshala.
- Lungisa inhlabathi.
- Lungisa okokusebenza okuzosetshenziswa njengezisekelo: izikhala zokusekela ezenziwe ngokhuni noma ngokuqiniswa, ucingo.
- Thenga umanyolo kanye nemikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane.
Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kuphathelene nokutshalwa kwamajikijolo ngaphandle, okungukuthi, hhayi ezimweni zokushisa okushisa.
Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwawo wonke umsebenzi onyakeni wokuqala, izindleko zibalwa - ukunquma inzuzo yecala, udinga ukwenza izibalo ezinembile.
Ngonyaka wesibili kulandela:
- Ukufika.
- Yenza ukuchelela ngenkasa.
- Faka umanyolo.
- Lungisa isitsha.
- Uma ivolumu yokulima inkulu, kufanele ubheke abasebenzi.
- Faka amayunithi esiqandisi uma ivolumu ekhulayo inkulu. Ijikijolo liwumkhiqizo okonakalayo ongagcinwa ngokupholisa okuncane.
Ake sikhulume ngamanye amaphuzu ngokuningiliziwe. Ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi kuqala ngokukhethwa kwamasayithi nokulungiselela. Izincomo zesiza zimi kanje:
- Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-raspberries ayisibiliboco esingajwayelekile esithandwa ngabantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukucabanga ngokushesha ngokuvikelwa. Izindawo ezishiywa zinganakiwe futhi ezizovakashelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ziyingozi enkulu.
- Okusajingijolo uthanda umswakama nelanga.
- Uhlobo lwenhlabathi alunandaba, kepha ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi kunikezwe inhlabathi enesihlabathi, enezelwa nge-mulch ku-pH engekho ngaphezu kuka-6.2.
- Usayizi wesakhiwo uncike kumthamo wokukhiqiza olinganiselwayo. Cishe ama-bushi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili atshalwe ehektheleni elilodwa, okuthi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nezimo ezikhulayo ezinhle, linikeze cishe ama-kilogram ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi zamajikijolo ngenkathi eyodwa.
Isayithi livundiswe ngomquba, amanye umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziswa ngokuthanda.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azingeni kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi nasezinambuzane, kepha amajikijolo mancane amnandi, lapho lina lingahle lingabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ekupheleni kwekwindla.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
Izinhlobo ezivamile zasehlobo yilezi:
- I-Lashka - izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezivela ePoland. Amajikijolo makhulu, ahlanganisiwe, isihlahla sithela izithelo, simelane nesithwathwa.
- I-Octavia - inhlobonhlobo ethembisayo yebhizinisi, enikeza amajikijolo amakhulu ngombala onsomi. Amajikijolo aminyene, ngakho awaweli ngisho noma lina.
- Zyugan - ezihlukahlukene ezivela eSwitzerland. Amajikijolo amnandi, angagcinwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-7 futhi angahanjiswa.
- Ishalofu - amajikijolo avuthwe ekwindla, abe nokunambitheka okumnandi. Amahlathi avumela ihektha elilodwa, ngokutshala okufanele, ukuvuna amathani afinyelela kwayishumi ezitshalweni.
- UZhdoan Gee - amajikijolo amakhulu, aqinile. Isihlahla salolu hlobo singakhiqiza amathani ayi-19 ngesizini eyodwa.
- IHimbo Phezulu - amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo afinyelela isisindo esingu-10 amagremu, okudinga ukubopha izisekelo.
Sithenga izithombo
Izithombo zithengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile... Amaphuzu alandelayo ayabhekelwa lapho uwakhetha:
- isithombo esinezinhlelo ezomisiwe ezithuthukiswe kahle, ezikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina izithombo ngenhloso yokuthengisa - isipho esithandekayo esizobiza kakhulu;
- ukusika kwesiqu kufanele kube luhlaza, ubukhulu behlumela busuka ku-0.7 kuye ku-1 sentimitha;
- umkhuba ukhombisa ukuthi i-rhizome evaliwe ibhekana kangcono namathonya ezemvelo.
Sandisa isivuno ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu namakhulu amahektha
Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo:
- izithombo zitshalwa kude ngamasentimitha angama-80. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingamamitha ayi-1.5-2;
- ama-trellises njalo ngamamitha ayi-4 afakwa njengesisekelo;
- kungatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ungatshala ekwindla ngisho nangemva kuka-Okthoba 1;
- ukuze isihlahla sikhule ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukususa ukukhula, okudala isithunzi futhi kuhehe izinambuzane;
- isitshalo se-raspberry siphendula kahle kumanyolo we-organic osetshenzisiwe. Izinga elinconywayo lingamathani ayi-0.5 ngamamitha-skwele ayikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium kufanelekile
- amakhemikhali avikela isihlahlana ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni angasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Ama-raspberries ahlukahlukene amelana nezifo. Amajikijolo adliwa ngamabhungane, acatshangelwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Ungawakha kanjani amajikijolo?
Umhlangano wenziwa kuphela ngesandla, ngakho-ke, kufanele ulungiselele kahle isikhathi sokuvuthwa: iziqukathi, abasebenzi abanesibalo esikhulu sezihlahla, indawo yokugcina okwesikhashana, njalonjalo.
Uyithengisa kanjani imikhiqizo?
Ama-Raspberries agcinwa isonto ezingeni lokushisa lika-3-5 ° C... Izindlela zokuthengisa:
- Izimakethe.
- Izitolo zokudla.
- Izindawo zokudlela ezinhle zezingane, izindawo zokudlela.
- Amakhemisi, amafemu ezokhemisi.
Ijikijolo okukhulunywa ngalo lithenda, futhi udinga ukuthengisa ngokushesha.
Uhlelo lwebhizinisi:
- Izinhloso zebhizinisi.
- Inhlangano yenqubo yokukhiqiza.
- Izimo zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo nokuncintisana.
- Izinkomba zezezimali.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezimakethe zokuthengisa.
- Uhlelo lokukhuthaza ukuthengisa.
- Ukukhangisa.
Ukwenza inzuzo ngesakhiwo:
- Ihektha elilodwa - ama-2-3 ayizinkulungwane ezihlabayo. Intengo yesithombo ingu- $ 0.6-2. Ukutshalwa kwemali kokuqala - $ 2000.
- Izindleko zikamanyolo, imithi - $ 1000.
- Isihlahla esisodwa sinikeza isilinganiso sama-4 kilograms. Kuvunwa ama-12,000 kilograms kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa.
- Intengo eshibhile - ngokwesilinganiso 2%. Imali etholakele ingama- $ 20,000.
Ingqikithi yamaRandi ayi-17,000 engenayo iminyaka emibili lapho uqala ibhizinisi. Uma kuqashwe indawo yomhlaba noma udinga ukuyithenga, sikhipha izindleko.
Umphumela
Ibhizinisi lamajikijolo, njengoba kungabonakala ezibalweni, linenzuzo... Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokutshalwa kwamajikijolo. Ithengwa kalula iqandisiwe futhi iqandisiwe ukuze kulondolozwe kanye nezimoto.
Lo mkhiqizo unezinto eziningi ezizuzisayo ezinquma ukuthandwa kwawo.