Sekuyisikhathi eside amazambane abhekwa njengesitshalo esithandwa kakhulu eRussia. Cabanga esihlokweni ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu ongakhetha kuzo ukuze uthole isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu nesikhulu.
Uhlu lwezinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu zamazambane ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi
Kukhona cishe Izinhlobo ezingama-280 amazambane angatshalwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zithole ukuthandwa kwazo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ezinye zithandane nabahlali basehlobo abazotshala kusayithi. Ake sicabangele izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kukhathalogi encane yama-alfabhethi.
Idaho
Inzuzo yayo enkulu inkulu, ngisho nezithelo.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa;
- kukhiqiza - 500 c / ha;
- ethandwa kakhulu ukupheka ezindaweni zokudlela;
- ukumelana okuphezulu nezifo;
- iqukethe izinga eliphakeme lesitashi kuze kufike ku-17%.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho isithwathwa sesivele sidlulile, kanti izinga lokushisa lifinyelela kuma-degree ayi-8.
UBela Rosa
IBela Rosa idume kakhulu ezindaweni zamazwe e-CIS.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, eningizimu ungathola izivuno eziningana ngesizini ngayinye;
- ngokunisela nokudla okufanele, isivuno esikhulu - 350 c / ha;
- impande yemifino emise okweqanda (cishe izithelo ezingama-200-500gr).
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ikhula kabi emhlabathini ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu. Kunconywa ukuyikhulisa ngemuva kwezidumba.
Okubomvu Okubomvu
Izinhlobonhlobo zaseDashi aziphansi ngezici zayo ngisho nakwezaseBelarusian. Kubonakala ngezimpande eziphakathi nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitha.
Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupheka ezindaweni zokudlela.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- isihlahla singaphansi, siqhakaza ngezimbali ze-lilac;
- izinhlobonhlobo zithinteka ezifweni: i-phytosphorosis kanye ne-scab;
- isithelo sifana ne-oval oval ngesimo;
- ikhasi libomvu ngokunsomi ngokubomvana;
- uginindela onombala okhilimu;
- ibekezelela ukushisa kahle;
- isisindo sombungu owodwa kusuka ku-70-200 amagremu;
- esihlahleni esisodwa kuze kube yizilimo eziyizigaxa eziyi-15.
URosara
URosara ungowokuqala ukuvuthwa, ukuvuthwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-70... Isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezintsha nezesimanje ukulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezomile.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- uginindela unombala ophuzi okhanyayo;
- ngokwesilinganiso, umbungu unesisindo cishe esingu-70-130g;
- ukwakheka kwesithelo okusaqanda, kunwetshiwe kancane;
- ibamba ukuma kwayo kahle ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunesitashi esincane;
- Veza 500 c / ha.
U-Picasso
Kushiwo izinhlobo sekwephuzile amazambane. Kukhula ngokugcwele kamuva Izinsuku eziyi-110-130 ngemuva kokuhluma.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- isivuno esikhulu, kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa kungavela kuze kufike kumathani angama-20 amazambane;
- umbala wezilimo eziyizigaxa ubomvu ophuzi;
- isisindo sesithelo esisodwa siyashintsha kusuka ku-100-150 gr;
- uginindela we-hue emhlophe-ophuzi;
- ukunambitheka kuyamangalisa;
- ukuthambekele ezifweni - ukulimala kwesikhathi;
- unempilo eshalofini ende.
Ukutshala isitshalo kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho kungekho sithwathwa, kepha inhlabathi isalokhu imanzi.
Tuleyevsky
I-Tuleyevsky ivumelaniswe kahle nezimo eziningi zezulu, itshalwe ngokugcwele emapulazini.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- ukuma kwesithelo kulingana, okusaqanda;
- uginindela ophuzi okhanyayo;
- isisindo sengane 100-300 gr.;
- ngesikhathi sokupheka igcina ukwakheka kwayo kahle;
- ine-flavour enhle kakhulu yamazambane;
- Akudingi ukondliwa njalo ngomanyolo.
Ukutshala kuqala kuphela ngemuva kokuba umhlaba ufudumele kuze kufike ku- +10 degrees. Akudingi ukuchelela. UMinus ungowakhe ayikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi esidenjengoba iqala ukufiphala.
IGala
Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane ezivuthwa ekuqaleni zaseJalimane iGala inayo ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi ihlukaniswa nokuqukethwe kwenani elikhulu lesitashi esithelweni.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- kusuka ku-1 ungakuqoqa kufika ku-400 kg amazambane;
- imifino yezimpande iyindilinga, incane ngosikhumba ophuzi;
- uginindela uphuzi ngokugqamile;
- isisindo esimaphakathi samazambane 60-130gr;
- ithambekele ekuhlaselweni i-parasha emnyama.
Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu ze-hybrid.
Avuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-75, ngalesi sikhathi amazambane angavunwa. Udinga ukutshala amazambane ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kuma-degree ayi-10.
IDauphine
IDutch emnandi, kubhekwe ngayo omunye okumnandi kakhulu izimpande izitshalo zamazambane.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- kusuka ku-1 kuyaqoqwa kuze kufike ku-220 kg ukuvuna;
- isisindo se-tuber sihluka kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-350 g;
- izithelo ezingaba ngu-20 ziphuma esihlahleni esisodwa.
Yabelana
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuzikhulisela amazambane.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- inikeza isivuno esiphezulu kufika ku-390 kg ihektha ngalinye;
- Isisindo se-tuber sifinyelela 400 g;
- Izinhlobo zezihlahla ziphakeme, ziqine kuze kufike ku-80 cm;
- ibilisiwe kahle ngesikhathi sokupheka;
- ukumelana nezifo ezifana ne-powdery isikhutha nesikhunta.
UNevsky
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeNevsky ngokwesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kubhekwa njenge-elite, ikhula kahle kunoma yiziphi izimo.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- Veza kufika ku-350 kg kusukela kwikhulu;
- ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha hhayi izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlumayo, ngemuva kokuhluma, tshala lezo ezinamahlumela amafushane;
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamahlumela amade azamukeleki ukuhlwanyela;
- kubhekiswa maphakathi no-sekwephuzile;
- ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-75-90;
- omile okweqanda, enesikhumba esikhanyayo ngokukhanyayo nenyama e-creamy;
- thanda imfudumalo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukutshala lapho isithwathwa sidlulile.
ILatona
Kubhekwa njengendawo yokudlela evuthwa kusenesikhathi.
Ngosuku lwama-45, ungasivele uthole isivuno sokuqala, kepha ngokujwayelekile isikhathi sokuvuna Usuku lwama-70-75.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- esihlahleni ngasinye ongaqoqa 2 kg izithelo;
- ukumelana nezimo zezulu, kubekezelela ukuhamba kahle;
- cishe uzivikele ezifweni, kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke ngokulimala sekwephuzile nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- uginindela uphuzi ngokukhanyayo;
- kudinga ukunakekelwa, ukuchelela, izinto eziphilayo;
- igcina kahle ebusika.
Inhlanhla
Kushiwo abaphezulu ukuthi ngubani kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile... Uma ulandela yonke imithetho, ungaqoqa kufika ku-950 c / ha.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- isisindo se-tuber 170 g;
- kubhekiswa enkathini ephakathi (ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingama-90);
- kufika ku-15 kg yezitshalo zezimpande ezingalandwa ehlathini;
- ibekezelela ubusika kahle futhi igcina kahle isikhathi eside.
I-Adretta
Zalelwa abalimi eJalimane eminyakeni engama-25 edlule. Kuze kube manje, sithandwa ngama-gourmets ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuhle kakhulu.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- ikhasi linombala ophuzi, ulingene kancane ekuthinteni;
- inyama ingaba ophuzi okhanyayo noma ophuzi ojulile;
- ukuma kwesitshalo sezimpande ku-oval ojikelezayo;
- isisindo sesisu esilinganisiwe 140 gr.;
- izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, zisatshalaliswa yizilimo eziyizigaxa;
- ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-65-80;
- ezithela kakhulu, kusuka ku-1 hectare ungathola kuze kufike kumathani angama-45.
UFelox
Kungokwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kokuqala, kubekezelela ngokuphelele ukushisa nezinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni.
Lokhu okungaphansi kungatholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- impande yemifino isisindo iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-200 gr;
- ikhasi line-amber hue entekenteke;
- uginindela uphuzi ngokukhanyayo;
- ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukuyicubungula nge-sulfate yethusi;
- iqukethe izinga eliphakeme lesitashi kuze kufike ku-17%;
- kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa kuvuniwe Ama-centered angama-250 amazambane;
- ukutshala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
I-Sprint
Amazambane avuthiwe okuqala anambitheka omnandi.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- isithelo se-oval esilinganisiwe;
- ikhasi liphuzi, uginindela ukhilimu omncane;
- Isigaxa sinesisindo cishe 80-200 gr;
- iqukethe izinga eliphakeme lesitashi kuze kufike ku-17%;
- kukhona amathuba okutheleleka nge-blight sekwephuzile;
- Veza 300 c / ha.
Ukunambitheka kwamazambane kuyathuthuka uma kuqukethe inani elikhulu lesitashi. Ungathonya ukunambitheka kwesithelo ngokunakekelwa okulungile: ukuchelela, ukufaka umquba.
Ama-subspecies amazambane
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamazambane ziyafaneleka hhayi kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia... Yize iningi lijwayelene nendawo enesimo sezulu esipholile, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezilungele kakhulu iRussia ephakathi neSiberia.
Futhi, amazambane ahlukile emthunzini we-pulp, ukunambitheka, isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngokuya ngalokhu, bangahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokukhula
Isimo sendawo | Amagama ahlukahlukene |
OkweRussia emaphakathi | INevsky, Felox, Sprint, Latona, Red Scarlet, Picasso |
Okwesifunda saseMoscow | Tuleyevsky, Gala, Nevsky, Luck, Sprint, Pai, Dauphine, Idaho, Bela Rosa, Rosara |
OkweSiberia | I-Adretta, Luck, Scarlet, Tuleevsky, Nevsky |
Izinhlobo ngesivuno
Amazambane abomvu anenyama ephuzi | UBela Rosa, Red Scarlet, Rosara |
Izinhlobo ezikhululekile | Idaho, Pye |
Ukuvumela okuphezulu | URosara, u-Adretta, uLuck |
Amazambane apinki | U-Picasso |
Amazambane aphuzi | Idaho, Tuleyevsky, Gala, Sprint, Felox |
Ukwahlukanisa okuvuthayo
Maphakathi kusenesikhathi | Izinsuku ezingama-50-60 | Idaho, Bela Rosa, Rosara, Red Scarlet |
Maphakathi nesizini | Izinsuku ezingama-80-95 | ILatona, Inhlanhla |
Mid late | Izinsuku ezingama-95-100 | I-Atlant, iNevsky |
Ngemuva kwesikhathi | 4 izinyanga | U-Picasso |
Zonke izinhlobo zamazambane ezingenhla zinezici ezinhle kakhulu nokunambitheka. Iningi limelana nezifo futhi lithela isivuno esikhulu.