Utamatisi yisivuno esisatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwezibalo, iminyaka emithathu eyedlule, ukukhiqizwa kwamatamatisi emhlabeni kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-150-160 futhi akuweli ngaphansi kwaleli zinga. Amakhekhe wetamatisi, ama-juice, ama-ketchups, amasaladi, ukudla okulula - uhla olungenamkhawulo lokusetshenziswa kwale mifino enempilo. Utamatisi ucebile kakhulu ngamavithamini, amaminerali, umkhondo wezakhi ukuthi ufakiwe emikhiqizweni eyishumi ephezulu emhlabeni engenakubuyiselwa emzimbeni womuntu. Esihlokweni sethu, sizocubungula izinhlobonhlobo zamaRom ezithakazelisayo bese sinikeza izici nencazelo yaso.
Umlando wokuzala
Umsebenzi wabalimi emhlabeni wonke wenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala izinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nge-universal noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokugxila okuthile.
Utamatisi waseRoma uyiqembu lezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi ezifuywa abalimi baseMelika. Zinezimfanelo zomhlaba wonke ezingasetshenziswa ebangeni kusuka ezithelweni ezigcwele zezithelo kuze kube kukwenza utamatisi onamathisele okunamandla ne-ketchup.
Utamatisi amaRomani F1 neRom VF afuyelwa emuva eminyakeni yama-50s futhi asabalele e-USA, Mexico, Australia, Great Britain.
ERussia, izinhlobo zamaDashi zivame ukutshalwa, ngakho-ke azithandwa kakhulu lapha, kepha ngazo zonke izinkomba, izinhlobonhlobo zikufanele ukunakwa kakhulu ngabalimi.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezici ze-Roma Roma
Ama-Roma utamatisi ezihlahla - ezinqunyiwe, ezinamandla, ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi - zifinyelela ekuphakameni 60-70 cm... Isivuno esihle kakhulu singatholakala lapho kwakhiwa isihlahla esineziqu ezi-1-2.
I-Roma - i-hybrid yaphakathi nesizini, isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele kwezithelo kusukela lapho kuvela izithombo kuze kube yilapho izithelo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe - Izinsuku eziyi-120-125... Esimweni sezulu esifudumele sezifunda eziseningizimu emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile, isivuno sinesikhathi sokuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu sesikhashana, kwezinye izifunda - ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zamaRom zimi okweplamu (ukhilimu) oyindilinga enethiphu ebukhali ebukhali, ebomvu. I-pulp iqinile, iyinyama, ukunambitheka okuhle. Izithelo zihanjiswa ngokugqamile, zigcina ukunambitheka kwazo isikhathi eside, aziqhekeki ngesikhathi sokuwafaka, gcina ukunambitheka nokuma kwazo.
Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abakhule le utamatisi, ilungele ukuwafaka emathinini, ukugcina isikhathi eside, ukubanda. Kwamanye amazwe, utamatisi waseRoma usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amakhekhe ahlukahlukene amnandi, amasoso nama-ketchups, njengoba lokhu kuhlukahluka kufanelekile kakhulu kulokhu.
Ubuningi bezithelo ezitshalwe endle buyehluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-90g, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kufinyelela 110g... Ukukhiqizwa kwehlathi kuphakeme impela, kepha imithombo ehlukile inika izinkomba ezihlukile: kusuka ku-6-8kg kuye ku-13-15kg ngemitha eyisikwele.
Utamatisi walokhu okuhlukahlukene phendula kabi kakhulu kumswakama ophakeme: izitshalo eziqhakazayo cishe azikho impova, futhi ingozi yezifo zefungal ikhula kakhulu.
Ngomswakama ophezulu, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze impova yokufakelwa kanye ne-prophylaxis yokulwa nesikhunta.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa konke okungenhla. Izimfanelo ezisobala ezinhle zotamatisi i-Roma F1 ne-Roma VF zifaka:
- izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla;
- ukuthela isikhathi eside;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuguquguquka kwesithelo;
- ukulondolozwa okuhle isikhathi eside;
- ukumelana nenani elithile lezifo.
Kwamaphutha, kuphela:
- ukungabekezelelani komswakama ophezulu kanye nezinguquko zokushisa;
- ukutholakala kwezifo zefungal kanye nokulimaza sekwephuzile.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo: izici zamatamatisi akhulayo aseRoma
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-agrotechnical lokukhulisa utamatisi walolu hlobo alufani nakwezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi aphakathi nenkathi.
Inketho engcono kakhulu ukutshala izithombo bese uzihambisa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula.
Ukulungiselela nokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kukhiqiza eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMashi, izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo emhlabathini.
Imbewu iphathwa ngesisombululo se-manganese, bese isongwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi iqine izinsuku ezingama-2-3 esiqandisini (t + 2). Ngaphandle kokomiswa, zifakwa enhlabathini evundisiwe eyayilungisiwe ngaphambili ekujuleni okungu-1-1.5 cm, imanziswe kancane, imbozwe ifilimu bese ibekwa endaweni efudumele, ekhanyiswe kahle kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala.
Izithombo zokuntywila nezipinker zikhiqiza ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili wangempela... Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo, udinga ukuqapha ukugcinwa komswakama ojwayelekile, ukukhanya okuhle nokuhlala isikhathi eside (amahora angu-14 ngosuku). Ungaqhuba ukugqoka okungu-1-2 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngomanyolo onzima, isisombululo se-boric acid.
Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo intukuthelo - amahora amaningana nsuku zonke bayakhishwa emgwaqweni noma bangene egumbini elibandayo.
Umhlabathi wezithombo ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili; kufanele uvundiswe kahle futhi ube nenhlabathi engama-50% no-50% we-humus noma we-peat.
Ukufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa lapho izithombo zifinyelela izinyanga ezimbili ubudala (yazo zonke izinhlobo zesizini ephakathi), okungenani ama-20-25cm ukuphakama namashidi ayi-8-10 ayiqiniso, ngokulandela isikimu se-70x40cm. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba yishumi, lapho izithombo zigxila, ukudla kokuqala kungenziwa.
Njengoba izihlahla zohlobo oluthile lokunquma, zidinga ifomu ngeziqu ezingu-1-2, qiniseka ukubopha ukuze trellises mpo ukuzinza, ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu.
Kukho konke ukukhula kwawo, izihlahla zakha amahlumela amaningi asemaceleni, nawo adinga ukuphina. Ukunisela utamatisi waseRoma kufanele ube njalo, ungabi maningi kakhulu futhi uhlale ufudumele amanzi.
Izifo nokuvimbela
Izitshalo zimelana kakhulu nezifo ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-fusarium ne-verticillium wilting.
Kakhulu itheleleke kalula ngesifo sekwephuzile futhi, njengoba sekushiwo, amagciwane efungal. Ukuvikela okuhle kakhulu kwalezi zifo ukufafaza iziqu, amaqabunga kanye ne-ovary ngesisombululo se-boric acid noma ezinye izindlela.
Utamatisi wezinhlobonhlobo Roma F1 ne Roma VF banezinzuzo eziningi: ukunambitheka okuhle, ukugcina ikhwalithi, ukungathobeki, isivuno esikhulu, ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu kwesithelo. Isivuno sesiko ngokuqinisekile sizojabulisa futhi siklomelise ngenkinga.