Umsebenzi wabalimi wokudala izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo zezithelo nemifino wenza ukuthi kutholakale izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-hybrid kukho konke ukunambitheka nokuthandwa ngabalimi kanye nabalimi. Eziningi zazo zingumhlobiso wangempela wensimu netafula. Enye yalezi nzalo yiTomato Monomakh Hat. Sizokhuluma futhi ngencazelo nangezici zemifino.
Izici eziyinhloko zesigqoko sezitamatisi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-monomakh
Utamatisi Hat Monomakh wazalwa ngabafuyi baseRussia futhi wabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2003. Abafuyi basekhaya ngenkathi basebenza ekwakhiweni kohlobo olusha banaka kakhulu ukuluvumelanisa ngqo nezimo zezulu zaseRussia. Isigqoko sikaMonomakh asinjalo, ngakho-ke ngokushesha wathola uthando nokuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Izici eziyinhloko: izithelo ezinkulu, isivuno esikhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nazo zonke izifo ezijwayelekile.
Incazelo yehlathi
Lesi sitshalo sihlobo olungacaciswanga, olulungele ukukhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kepha endle, uma nje kwakhiwa isihlahla kanye ne-garter, nakho kunika imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ifinyelela ku-1.5 m ukuphakama, kungcono ukwakha iziqu ezimbili: ngaphezu kwesikhulu, indodana yesibili isebenza njengesiqu sesibili, esisendaweni engezansi kwebhulashi lokuqala, futhi amanye ama-stepon kufanele asuswe.
Izihlahla zihlangene, nge-1 sq. m ingatshalwa kuze kufike ezitshalweni eziyisithupha.
Ukuhlukahluka okuphakathi nendawo, isikhathi sokuvuthwa yizinsuku ezingama-90-110 kusukela ngesikhathi lapho kuvela khona amahlumela okuqala.
Incazelo yesithelo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe abathandi bezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu - isisindo sabo sifinyelela ku-500-800 g, sinezimbambo ezimbalwa, umbala omuhle obomvana. Utamatisi uhluke kahle ekunambithekeni kwawo okuhle kakhulu nge-asidi encane, iphunga elinamandla, okuqukethwe ushukela. Inhloso eyinhloko ukusetshenziswa okusha, ukulungiswa kwamajusi, ama-pastes, amasoso ngenxa yenhlanganisela enhle yama-acid noshukela. Okuqukethwe okomile kuphakeme impela - ama-4-6% nge-100 g ngayinye yomkhiqizo.
Ukuze amabhulashi angaqhamuki ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo futhi utamatisi ukhule ube mkhulu ngosayizi, ama-ovari ama-2-3 kufanele angasali kubhulashi lembali. Izithelo zigcina kahle, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Utamatisi isivuno
Ngenkathi, ngokulima kahle utamatisi, kufika ku-8 kg wetamatisi esihlahleni esisodwa, kusuka ku-1 sq. m - cishe 18-20 kg.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, ihambelana ngokuphelele nezimo zemvelo nezesimo sezulu, ibekezelela ngisho nesomiso kalula.
Kepha, Utamatisi ubunjani be-thermophilic, ngakho-ke, ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho umehluko emazingeni okushisa ebusuku / ngosuku mncane, inikeza isivuno esingcono kunasemzileni ophakathi nendawo. Uma ihlobo lifushane futhi ubusuku bubanda, kungcono ukutshala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko
Ukufingqa konke okungenhla, singagqamisa izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlobo (futhi ziningi zazo):
- izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- ukumelana nezimo zezulu eziguqukayo, imvula, isomiso;
- amasosha omzimba aphezulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene;
- ukuvuthwa kotamatisi ngokuthula.
Okuwukuphela kokubi okungabhekwa njengokulimala kuphela kwamagatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo, ukuwaqhekeza esiteji sokuvuthwa. Kufanele ubophe ibhulashi ngalinye uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esinothile. Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokulima
Njenganoma iyiphi enye, le nhlanganisela nayo iyatshalwa ezitshalweni.
Lapho utshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi: utamatisi awuyibekezeleli inhlabathi ene-asidi, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela kusengaphambili mayelana nokwethula ufulawa we-dolomite kanye / noma umlotha ngenkathi kwakhiwa imibhede yezithombo.
Ukutshala imbewu nokunakekela izithombo
Ukutshalwa kwembewu kufanele kubalwe kucatshangelwa indawo yesimo sezulu ukuze kudlule okungenani izinsuku ezingama-60 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe kwezithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngokuqondile, izinsuku ezingama-40-45 kufanele zidlule kusukela ekuveleni kwamahlumela okuqala.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ayihlukile ekuhlwanyeleni amanye utamatisi. Imbewu ifakwa kusixazululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese amahora angu-0.5... Lungisa iziqukathi nenhlabathi kusengaphambili. Ngomhlabathi, thatha ingxenye engu-1/2 yomhlaba, 1/2 ingxenye ye-peat noma umquba obolile. Ngebhakede eli-1 lenhlanganisela, udinga ukwengeza izinkomishi ezimbili zesihlabathi nenkomishi engu-1 yomlotha wokhuni, uhlanganise konke kahle. Gcwalisa iziqukathi ngomhlabathi: amabhokisi enkuni aphakeme u-10-12 cm, izinkomishi zepulasitiki noma iziqukathi ezinemigodi yokudonsa.
Imbewu ephethwe ifakwa enhlabathini ekujuleni okungu-1 - 1.5 cm, ifakwe kahle, isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi noma ifilimu esobala, bese sibekwa endaweni efudumele, ekhanyiswe kahle. Lapho imbewu ichanyuselwa, ifilimu iyasuswa, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lehliswa kancane ukuze amahlumela anganwebeki, kepha ukukhanya kufanele kube kukhulu (okungenani amahora ayi-12-14).
Esigabeni sokubonakala kwamaqabunga ama-2 weqiniso, izithombo ziyacwiliswa futhi ziphiwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, ungenza ukudla kokuqala kuhlangene.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile nokunakekelwa okulandelayo
Enhlabathini evulekile noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, izithombo zitshalwa zineminyaka engama-40-45 zineminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-45, phambilini zaziqinisa ngaphandle emini. Uhlelo lokutshala - 50x60 cm, 1 sq. m - kuze kube yizitshalo ezi-4.
Okulandelayo ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile: ukuchelela ngokulingene ngamanzi afudumele amahlandla ama-3 ngeviki, ukondla ngesikhathi esifanele, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokususa ukhula, ukucinana okuyimpoqo kanye nokuhlala kahle kwezihlahla.
Ukuze uthole izithelo ezinkulu, udinga ukususa izimbali ezincane emabhulashini, ungashiyi ngaphezu kwe-3 (kubhulashi lokuqala - izimbali ezi-2), izimbali zokuqala ezimbili zisusiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukuzamazamisa izitshalo ukuthola impova eyengeziwe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyanisela emva kwalokho.
Ungayithola kanjani imbewu yonyaka ozayo?
Ukuze ube nembewu enhle njalo futhi uqiniseke ngokuhlukahluka okulungile, ungazilungiselela ngokuzimela imbewu yokutshala ngonyaka ozayo. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha isampula enkulu evuthiwe, ususe imbewu kuwo wonke amakamelo, cwilisa emanzini ubusuku bonke, hlambulula kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Sabalalisa indwangu noma indwangu ethambile ukuze womile endaweni enomoya, kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile.
Gcina endaweni eyomile kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi utamatisi uthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi - ukunambitheka kwawo okuhle nokuzithoba kukwenze kwaba yisimenywa esijwayelekile etafuleni labathandi besaladi ehlobo.