Amagilebhisi angumhlobiso wazo zonke izindlu zasehlobo. Ungakhuluma ngokungapheli ngezinto zayo ezizuzisayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, akekho umuntu ongenandaba naleli berry. Ukuze amagilebhisi ajabulise ngokuvunwa okunothile nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi utshale kahle izihlahla emhlabathini ngama-shanks noma utshale ngokusika.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle yokutshala izithombo
Lapho ukhetha indawo ozotshala kuyo, kufanele kubhekwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- noma iyiphi indawo yokutshala amagilebhisi endle kufanele kukhanyiswe kahle yimisebe yelanga futhi uvikeleke emoyeni;
- udonga lwendlu noma uthango ohlangothini oluseningizimu luzosebenza njengendawo enhle yokukhosela amagilebhisi. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lokhu kuzonikeza amagilebhisi ukufudumala okwengeziwe futhi kuvikele ukuvunguza komoya;
- inhlabathi kufanele ukungena kahle kwamanzi nomoya, futhi icebile ngezinto eziwusizo;
- akufanele utshale amagilebhisi eduze kwezihlahla, ngoba kuzohlale kunokuncintisana phakathi kwazo ukuthola izakhamzimba;
- lapho uhlela ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula iseluleko sokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2,5, futhi isikhala somugqa simayelana 3 amamitha... Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi amahlathi akhule futhi akhule ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunamathela ekutshaleni okulungile kuzosiza ukugwema ukutheleleka ngezifo zefungal.
Ukufika kwekwindla kufanele kwenziwe kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kweqhwa.
Izinzuzo zokutshala ekwindla emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izithombo ekwindla kunezinzuzo eziningana:
- ukukhetha izithombo kuhluka kakhulu, ngoba imibukiso yokuthengiswa kwezinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu ibanjwa ekwindla;
- amanani entengo yokutshala nge-oda lobukhulu eshibhile kunezintengo zentwasahlobo;
- inhlabathi ekwindla inomswakama ngokwanele, okusiza kakhulu ukuqothula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo ezincane;
- asikho isidingo sokugcinwa, ngakho-ke ingozi yezifo iyancipha;
- inhlabathi iqoqa ukushisa kulo lonke ihlobo, bese kuthi isikhathi eside inikeze lokhu kushisa ezimpandeni zesitshalo, ngaphandle kwamakhaza;
- izithombo ezikhulayo ngenkathi ebandayo siqinisa isitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe amasosha omzimba aqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ekwindla kuzobekezelela kalula ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa kuye ku -22 degrees;
- ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukuvuka nokukhula okusebenzayo kwenzeka ngokushesha, ngalokho kunciphise ukuthambekela kwezifo nezinambuzane.
Kunezinkinga eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe futhi:
- akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezibekezelela ubuningi bemvula kahle;
- umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande ngamagundane kungenzeka;
- kudingekile cabangela umehluko wezinga lokushisa, ngoba ukutshala kungakafiki isikhathi kungadala ukuthi umvini omncane uqhume.
Izindlela zokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla
Ungaqhuba ukutshala ekwindla kwamagilebhisi ngezithombo kanye nokusika. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukukhetha izithombo ezifanele.
Ukukhetha izithombo ilandela le mibandela elandelayo:
- Isiqu sesithombo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50 cm futhi ube nsundu;
- Inqubo eyodwa noma eziningi ziyadingeka. Ubude behlumela abunandaba;
- Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele luthuthukiswe kahle futhi kufanele lube nezindawo ezingenhla nezingezansi;
- Ubude bezimpande - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15 cm;
- Umbala wezimpande umhlophe, impande uqobo lwayo imanzi;
- Isithombo akufanele sibe elangeni;
- Umbala wamaqabunga amagilebhisi kufanele abe igcwele... Uma amaqabunga ekhanyayo ngombala, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isithombo sikhuliswa endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Izithombo ezinjalo azinakho ukuqina futhi kungenzeka zingaphili ebusika.
Lapho uthenga izithombo, zihlolele izifo zesikhunta kanye nomonakalo wezinambuzane. Ukutshala isithombo esinegciwane ngeke kusizuzise.
Ukutshala isithombo - imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala, izithombo kufanele zilungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Ngaphambi kokugibela, kufanele cwilisa izithombo emanzini abandayo usuku... Ungakwenza lokhu efasiteleni lasekhaya. Isikhuthazi sokukhula kwezimpande singangezwa emanzini, kepha lokhu kungakhonjiswa kahle emvinini ngesikhathi sokutshalwa okuqhubekayo;
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokukhipha isithombo ukuze sisakaze emanzini, sasihlola ngokucophelela, sinqume phezulu kwesisindo esiluhlaza ngesikele esibukhali, kusale kuphela awekho ngaphezu kwamehlo ama-4.
- Sika izimpande ze-node engenhla ngokuphelele, bese unciphisa izimpande ze-node engezansi ngo-1 cm. Le nqubo yenziwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula;
- Ukuze uvimbele izifo zefungal, ngaphambi kokutshala, phatha izithombo ngemithi yokubulala. Ngalezi zinhloso, umuthi "iDnoka" ufanelekile.
Ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala ukutshala umvini
Imigodi yokutshala kumele ilungiswe igxathu negxathu emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Qiniseka ukuthi uyakucabanga lapho utshala lolo gilebhisi luthanda inhlabathi emnyama evundile... Ububanzi bomgodi ububanzi kufanele bube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-80 cm, ukujula komgodi hhayi ngaphansi kwemitha elilodwa.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi yokutshala kumele libe okungenani amamitha ayi-2,5. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukukhula kahle kwesihlahla futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole inani elanele lomsoco emhlabathini.
Thela ungqimba phansi komgodi ubumba olunwetshiwe... Izosebenza njengongqimba wokuhambisa amanzi futhi ivikele izimpande kusuka kumswakama okweqile. Ishubhu lifakwa kusendlalelo samanzi, okuzokwazi ngalo ukufeza izimpande nokondla isithombo.
Lapho umba umgodi, kuyadingeka ukugoqa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi, okuyi-1/3 yenhlabathi embiwe, ngokwehlukana. Le nhlabathi izosetshenziselwa ukulungisa ingxube yezakhi. Kwenye inqwaba, sigoqa inhlabathi esele. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuthulula ungqimba wenhlabathi enomsoco u-40 cm ubukhulu.
Lungisa inhlabathi ngokulandelayo:
- inhlabathi emnyama - amabhakede ama-5;
- umlotha - 1 litre;
- Umanyolo we-phosphate - 150 amagremu;
- umquba - amabhakede ama-2.
Hlanganisa kahle lezi zithako bese uzifaka emgodini. Ngemuva kokubeka, sinisela inhlabathi bese siyishiya amasonto amabili ukuze inciphise umhlaba.
Ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala kuyadingeka cwilisa isithombo kusixazululo soju... Kuzoba yisikhuthazi semvelo sokukhula kwezimpande.
Ibanga lokufika elilungile nezimo zokunakekelwa
Lapho ufika, izindlela ezibalulekile yilezi:
- ukutshala ukujula;
- ukuthi iso elingaphezulu lesithombo litholakala kanjani;
- ibanga lezithombo zezinyosi.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa kahle izimpande bese uphendulela isithombo ukuze amahlumela asohlangothini olusenyakatho, kanye nesithende sezimpande eningizimu.
Ngalesi sitshalo, ukujula kohlelo lwempande kuzoba 35-40 cm... Lokhu kuzokwanela ukugcina impande ingabandi. Ngemuva kokujulisa isithombo, silala nezinsalela zenhlabathi, sikhishwe emgodini futhi sixutshwe kusengaphambili nesihlabathi esiqatha. Kuyadingeka ukufeza i-nuance eyodwa ngaphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande luzokhula kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izimpande ziqala zehliselwe phansi bese ziphakanyiswa kancane. Lokhu kuzovumela izimpande ukuthi ziqonde kahle futhi zithathe isikhundla semvelo.
Izimpande kumele zitholakale ama-degree angu-45 atshekile... Uma ungalandeli le nqubo, izimpande zikhubazekile futhi ziyafa. Ngenxa yalokho, kuze kube yilapho izimpande ezintsha zikhula, lesi sitshalo siyamisa ukukhula kwaso futhi isithombo asizitholi izakhi zomsoco emhlabathini ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo kufanele siniselwe. Ukunisela kuyaqhubeka kanye ngemuva kokufika... Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ehlathini ngalinye kusuka kumalitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30... Ukunisela kwenziwa kahle ngepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuze kususwe zonke izikhala zomoya futhi ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze izimpande ukuxhumana okungcono nomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokufika kuyadingeka semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla umgodi wokutshala lokhu kungenziwa ngamagatsha ephayini, utshani noma i-sawdust. Eduze kwesithombo, kubalulekile ukushayela isikhonkwane bese ubopha ihlumela elincane kuso ngentambo yendwangu ethambile - lena yimithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwangemva kokutshala.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngemuva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kahle izithombo ebusika. Lapho kufika isithwathwa, kuyadingeka yenza imisebenzi yokumboza... Uma amagilebhisi ekhula esifundeni esifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, eCrimea noma eKrasnodar Territory, kuzokwanela ukumboza ungqimba lwenhlabathi, ubukhulu obungu-30 kuya ku-50 cm.
Ukuvikela ungqimba oluyisimo sesigubhu ukuthi lungakhukhulwa yimvula, lumbozwe nge-polyethylene. I-Polyethylene iqiniswa ngaphezulu ngamabhodi ukuze ingashayi umoya ovunguzayo. Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa, amagilebhisi ambozwa yiqhwa, okuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okungeziwe kusuka eqhweni.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, ukufakwa kwezithombo kusondela ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Bona esongwe polyethylene futhi wabeka imihubhe yobumba. Okuphezulu okumbozwe ngamagatsha ephayini, sawdust noma hay. Kodwa-ke, into esemqoka ukungabi ngokweqile ukufakwa kwezithombo. Amagilebhisi ahlanganiswe nokunakekelwa okunjalo angoma lapho ukufudumala kwenzeka.
Okunye okubi ngokufihlwa kwangaphambilini ukuthi emhlabathini amagilebhisi angalimala ngamagundane nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi bavale amagilebhisi ngemuva kweqhwa lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, isithombo sizoqiniswa.
Ukutshala ekwindla kwamagilebhisi ngokusika
Ungasabalalisa amagilebhisi ngokusika okutholwe ngenkathi kuthenwa ekwindla. Shiya njengezicucu amahlumela enempilo anonyaka owodwakususwe amadevu nezingane zokutholwa futhi okungenani kunezinso ezintathu noma ezine ezithuthukile.
Kunconywa ukutshala ama-cuttings kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ama-cuttings atshalwe endaweni elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile eyenzelwe ukukhula kwezithelo zezithombo.
Inhlabathi kumele ibe kumanzi... Kungcono ukutshala ukusika emiseleni. Imisele imbiwa kusengaphambili.
Ububanzi nokujula komsele kuzolingana nobubanzi behalavu (ngebhaonethi ngayinye). Isikhala somugqa kufanele sibe 40 cm... Simboza phansi komsele nge-humus, sitshale ama-cuttings engxenyeni engxenyeni eseningizimu kude 15 cm ukuqhela... Ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukunisela ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
Ngaphezulu kokusikwa okudingeka ukwakhe ifreyimu 35-40 cm ukuphakama bese welula i-polyethylene phezu kwayo. Ku-greenhouse enjalo, izithombo zizovikeleka emoyeni nasesithwathwa futhi zizosinda ngokuphepha ebusika.
Entwasahlobo, lapho ama-frost edlula futhi amahlumela eqala ukuvela kuma-cuttings, kuyadingeka ukuvula i-polyethylene okwesikhashana ukuyiphehla umoya. Lapho nje ukushisa sekumisiwe futhi kungekho songo seqhwa, i-polyethylene kufanele isuswe.
Uma yonke imithetho yokutshala ibilandelwa, khona-ke umvini onempilo, onamandla uzokhula kusuka ekusikeni, okuzokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zokushisa futhi kalula futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukhuthazelele ubusika.