Kunzima ukuthola ingadi eRussia engeke ikhule ama-currants esizeni sayo. Izwe lethu libala ama-60% awo wonke ama-currants asekhulile emhlabeni. Futhi konke ngoba akuyona nje isiko lamajikijolo eliwusizo kakhulu, kepha futhi kuyinto enhle yokuhlobisa yanoma iyiphi ingadi.
Isihlahla esiluhlaza okotshani, esigcwele iziqu zamajikijolo amnandi akhanyayo, eziningi zihlobana nokuphumula kwehlobo, ukufudumala kanye nehlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zalesi sitshalo, kodwa okunye okuhle kunakho konke yizinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu ze-currant ezinegama elishoyo Ushukela.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zikashukela currant
Ake siqale ngokuchazwa kokuhlukahluka. I-Sugar currant uhlobo lwe-hybrid olukhuliswe ngabafuyi basekhaya. Isihlahlana esinamagatsha amile. Amaqabunga aqukethe ama-lobes amahlanu, emaphethelweni awo ambozwe ama-denticles. Amabhulukhwe ansundu, ayindilinga, ahlangane.
Izimbali zincane, ziphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ubude beqoqo lezithelo bungafinyelela ku-9 cm, kuze kufike kumajikijolo angama-20 kuso. Izithelo ngokwazo zibomvu ngokugqamile, ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo. I-Sugar currant iyinhlobonhlobo ye-dessert, inoshukela, enephunga elimnandi, amajikijolo asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ubusika kuphela, kodwa futhi adliwa amasha ngentokozo.
Izinzuzo ze-Sugar Currant:
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kufika kuma-7 kg amajikijolo angavunwa esihlahleni esisodwa.
- Izakhiwo ze-dessert zezithelo.
- Ukuqina kwasebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo zisinda kalula ebusika obunzima, kufaka phakathi nokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa.
- Ukuhlobisa. Ama-currants abomvu, atshalwe ezindleleni zensimu, abukeka emuhle.
- Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala, zithela izithelo kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekwindla.
- Ukunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba.
- Kuthela isivuno seminyaka engama-25.
- Izithelo zisetshenziswa kabanzi, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ujamu, ama-compotes, iwayini nogologo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid, iqandisiwe noma yomiswe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, amajikijolo e-currant azoba ukusekelwa okuhle kakhulu kokuzivikela ebusika.
- Ukumelana nezinambuzane. Kulezi zifo, i-anthracnose kuphela ethintekayo.
- Izithelo zihanjiswa kahle. Zigcina ukushaqeka isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma ziqoqwe ngamaqoqo.
Phakathi kokubi kokuhlukahluka kukhona:
- Hhayi usayizi wezithelo omkhulu kunayo yonke.
- Izinga eliphansi lokuzitholela impova (30%). Uma uhlela ukutshala lokhu kuhlukahluka kuphela, lapho-ke akufanele ulindele isivuno esikhulu. Ukukhulisa isivuno, impova yokuwela iyadingeka, lapho udinga ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo zama-currants esizeni.
Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo, lokhu kuhluka, ngokungafani nomnyama, kutshalwa hhayi kuphela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu naseningizimu yezwe, kepha naseSiberia nase-Urals. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezindaweni ezipholile, kungcono ukufika ngoSepthemba, futhi eningizimu kungenzeka ngo-Okthoba. Ngokutshala entwasahlobo, kungcono ukukwenza kusenesikhathi, isikhathi esifanelekile sizoba ukuqala noma ukuphela kukaMashi, kuya ngesimo sezulu esifundeni sakho.
Ukutshala ama-currants ekwindla kungcono kakhulu, ngoba isithombo siyakwazi ukugxila kahle nangaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo esikhule ngamandla phakathi nobusika sizokwazi ukungena ngenkathi yokukhula entwasahlobo sisebenza ngokugcwele.
Ukuze isithombo se-currant sikhule ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha siqale ukuthela izithelo, udinga ukulandela yonke imithetho yokutshala.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo nokuzinakekela
Okokuqala, khetha indawo efanele yokutshala esikhathini esizayo. Ama-currants alithanda ilanga, ngakho-ke ungawatshali emthunzini. Ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, lesi sitshalo sizokhula kabi, isithelo saso sizodlulela engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele, futhi amajikijolo azoncipha.
Okuhle kunakho konke, ama-currants abomvu azokhula enhlabathini enesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi e-loamy elula, kanti izindawo ezinobumba obunzima nenhlabathi ene-asidi azizukufanelekela. Indawo eyinhlekelele futhi esondelene namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukutshala izihlahla emadulini amancane obumba.
Ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwesitshalo, sebenzisa uhlelo olufanele lokutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo zeShukela currant zinomumo ohlangene wehlathi, ngakho-ke izithombo zingabekwa kude ngamamitha ayi-1.2-1.4 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Lapho utshala ama-currants, kufanele kugcinwe le mithetho elandelayo:
- Bamba umgodi ongajulile ngesithombo (35-40 cm). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala izihlahla eziningana, ungamba umsele owodwa oqhubekayo.
- Uma isikhathi sivuma, vumela umgodi uhlale isonto lonke ukuvumela umhlaba uzinze.
- Beka umanyolo ezansi komgodi. Ukwenza lokhu, hlanganisa inhlabathi evundile nomquba noma umquba obolile. Uma inhlabathi yakho ine-asidi, engeza i-oxidizer eyengeziwe, okuyi-choko, usimende, noma amagobolondo amaqanda omhlabathi.
- Nisela umgodi ngamanzi bese ubeka isithombo kuwo, ubheka i-angle yama-degree angama-45... Sabalalisa izimpande bese uzimboza ngomhlaba ukuze ukhololo wezimpande uye ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayi-5. Le ndlela yokutshala izodala izimo ezingcono zokukhula kwezimpande ezengeziwe kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahlumela amancane avela efihlekile. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwakhiwa isihlahla esinamandla esisakazeka. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngqo, khona-ke isihlahla sizophela ngesiqu esisodwa.
- Gaya phansi umhlaba bese wenza umgodi.
- Nisela isihlahla ngokukhululekile, uthele amabhakede amathathu amanzi ngaphezulu kwaso. Ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezimpande ezintsha, engeza uKornevin emanzini.
- Sika wonke amahlumela kokukodwa kokuthathu ngokushesha emva kokutshala. Ukuthena okunjalo kuqinisekisiwe ukunikeza ukukhula okuhle ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwezitshalo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-Sugar currant ayizithobeki kakhulu, futhi ingakhula ngokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okuphelele. Kepha, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno samajikijolo, kufanele unake izinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, isitshalo esincane singondliwa ngesisombululo se-nitroammofoska. Chaza ibhokisi lomentshisi lomkhiqizo kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi esihlahleni esisodwa. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi usheshise ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi wakhe ngokushesha isihlahla esinamandla. Kuzoba kuhle futhi ukufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen emhlabathini entwasahlobo - i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate. Isilinganiso - 10g nge-1 sq.m.
- Ukuthena. Isitshalo esidala sinamagatsha amakhulu ayi-15-20. Ukuza kulokhu, njalo entwasahlobo, shiya amahlumela ama-2-3 anamandla kuphela, bese ususa zonke izinto ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi amahlumela alondoloziwe akhule ngezindlela ezihlukile.
- Ukunakekela umbuthano wesiqu. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, umhlabathi ngaphansi kwama-currants kufanele ukhululeke kahle nge-rake futhi umbozwe nge-humus noma umquba.
- Ukunisela. Ama-currants kashukela ahlanzekile kakhulu, futhi ngokunisela okujwayelekile azokubonga ngesivuno esihle. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokunisela okuningi ngesikhathi ukwakheka nokukhula kwezithelo, ngaphandle kwalokho zingadilika. Amanzi athelwa ngaphansi kwempande ngaphandle kokuthambisa isitshalo uqobo. Ngesikhathi esomile, ama-currants ayaniselwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi, amabhakede ama-5 amanzi lilinye.
- Ukulawulwa kokhula.
- Ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo.
Ake sicabangele izinyathelo zokulwa nezinambuzane nezifo zama-currants ngokuningiliziwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-currants abomvu nezindlela zokulwa nazo
Ama-currants abomvu awangenwa kalula yizifo nokuhlaselwa yizilokazane kunama-currants amnyama. Futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeShukela currant inokumelana okuhle nezifo nezinambuzane eziningi. Ukuphela kwento okufanele uzivikele kuyo kusengaphambili yi-anthracnose.
I-Anthracnose Isifo sohlobo lwefungal esivame kakhulu ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esiswakeme. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zisakazwa yimvula, umoya nezinambuzane. Izimila ezilinyazwa futhi ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yokunganakekelwa zisheshe zitheleleke.
Izimpawu zokutholakala kwesifo kuma-currants ukuvela kwamabala ansundu kuqala emaqabungeni, bese kuba emagatsheni naseziqu.
Amabala acindezelekile abangela ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni okujwayelekile kwezakhi ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngomswakama ophakeme, amagatsha azobola aphule, futhi esimweni sezulu esomile azoqhekeka. Uma ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunganqamuki ngesikhathi, ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo izofa ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokulwa nalesi sifo ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezingxenye ezigulayo zehlathi nokufafaza ngamafungicides. Ukufafaza kwanele ukwenza izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Ngalokhu, amalungiselelo e-Oxyhom, Yamato, Kuproksat, Fundazol, Acrobat MC, Copper oxychloride afanelekile. Njengokuvinjelwa kokuvela kwe-anthracnose, isetshenziswa:
- Ukwelashwa kwezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulfate yethusi. Ukuze benze lokhu, bacwiliswa kusixazululo imizuzu embalwa bese begezwa ngamanzi.
- Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo zabantu abadala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela. Ngalezi zinhloso, isixazululo se-copper sulfate, noma i-Nitrofen naso kufanelekile.
- Ukondla ama-currants ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, ngoba esinye sezizathu zokwenzeka kwe-anthracnose ukuntuleka kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus emhlabathini.
Izinambuzane zama-currants abomvu yizinambuzane ezinjengezibungu zesicabucabu, ibhu lezinso eline-currant, ingilazi egobile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Sugar currant ziphikisana kakhulu nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuyithola esitshalweni. Uma usafuna ukuvikela isivuno ngo-100%, lapho-ke ungathatha izinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela:
- Kusukela ekuqhamukeni kwesicabucabu, izitshalo zifuthwa kaningana ngesizini ngokumnika umhlonyane noma ugwayi.
- Kusukela ku-currant bud moth, izihlahla zifuthwa ngesisombululo sesinaphi.
- Ukubonakala kwengilazi ye-currant kuzosiza ukugwema ukukhulula inhlabathi engaphansi kwesihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngenkathi izibungu zezinambuzane zisalala kulo. Ukuze uthembeke, ungaphinda ufafaze umhlabathi ngomlotha wokhuni noma upelepele womhlabathi ngaphezulu.
Njengamanye ama-hybrids, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-Sugar currant azidingi mzamo omkhulu lapho zikhula. Uhlobo olunjalo lokuzithoba lunconyelwa ukuzalanisa abalimi be-novice, kanye nalabo bantu abangakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi e-cottage yabo ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSugarcurrant ingenye yezinhlobo ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezikhiqizayo ezizokunikeza iberry elinempilo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi.