Ngesinye isikhathi, ezingadini zezithelo ezisenkabeni yeRussia, ngaphandle kwama-currants, ama-raspberries nama-cherries, akukho okunye okwakhula.
Kepha umsebenzi wabalimi awumi ndawonye, ngakho-ke, eminyakeni edlule, izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zezithelo ziye zakhiqizwa ezingakhula futhi zithele izithelo esimweni sezulu esibi. Lezi zihlahla zihlanganisa Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ku-Memory of Yakovlev.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo, imigomo yokuvuthwa kwezithelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya eMemory of Yakovlev zazalwa ngabalimi beMichurin All-Russian Scientific Research Institute. Kutholwe ngokuwela izinhlobo zeTema neFrance Olivier de Serre.
U-PN Yakovlev, S.P. Yakovlev, Ya.S. Nesterov no-RM Korshikova babambe iqhaza ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zasekwindla. Lona ngumsebenzi wabo wesikhathi eside futhi othelayo.
Esikhathini sethu, izinhlobonhlobo zeMemori Yakovlev zisabalele ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia. Ikhulile futhi isakazwa yizithelo zezithelo. Iguqulwe ngokuphelele ukuze ikhule ezingxenyeni zaseCentral, Central Black Earth naseMiddle Volga zaseRussia.
Lesi sihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, siyazimela, phansi. Inomqhele oyindilinga, ubukhulu obumaphakathi. Amagatsha emathambo asezingeni elifanele esihlahleni.
Ama-ringlets amaningi akhiwa emagatsheni ngobudala. Amagatsha ajwayelekile namagatsha amakhulu apendwe ngombala ompunga. Amagxolo akhona.
Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ekuvukeni kwezinso eziphakeme, kanye nekhono lokwenza ukudubula. Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo kungama-ringlets alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Amahlumela wonyaka odlule anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ziminyene. Kunezimbumbulu ezimbalwa kuwo futhi kukhona ameva.
Amahlumela ayindilinga agobekile kude negatsha futhi anomcamelo omkhulu ongaphansi komhlaba. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu. Ngokwe-ovate nge-top esontekile.
Izimbali ezimhlophe... I-inflorescence inezimbali eziyi-4-6 zesoso. Amacembe ahlukanisiwe onqenqemeni oluqondile.
Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, bese kuthi isivuno sivunwe ngoSepthemba wonke.
Isimo ngesiqu eside... Ubanzi obumise okwamapheya. Isisindo esimaphakathi.
Isikhumba esikuzo siyacwebezela. Isuswe ngesineke umbala ophuzi okhanyayo onamahloni amancane... Umbala womthengi wesithelo uphuzi ngombala osawolintshi.
Izithelo ezine-pulp enokhilimuelinamanzi futhi elimnandi. Ayikho i-astringency.
Babambelela ngokuqinile emagatsheni. Kugcinwe amasonto ambalwa... Zisetshenziswa zisha futhi zicutshungulwe. Bayakubekezelela ukuhamba kahle.
Amapheya aqala ukuthela izithelo kusuka eminyakeni engu-3-4... Isivuno esiphakeme, esizinzile esinokugcinwa okuhle. Njengoba isihlahla asiside, sivumela ukutshalwa okuhlanganisiwe.
Isivuno esimaphakathi esihlahleni ngasinye ngama-25 kg. Eminyakeni emihle, ngokunakekelwa okwanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi, isivuno singaphakama.
Ubulukhuni obukhulu basebusika. Ebusika ikakhulukazi obubandayo, kukhona ukubanda okuncane, kepha kuyalulama ngokushesha.
Kudinga ukuchelela okuningi... Ngokunisela okuhle, kwakha isivuno esikhulu futhi kwandise ukunambitheka kwesithelo.
Hhayi ngaphansi kwezifo ezinjengotwayi.
Izinzuzo:
- Phansi.
- Ukukhula ngokushesha.
- Ubusika buqinile.
- Kuyazala.
- Ukumelana notwayi.
yokuntula:
- Izithelo zesisindo esihlukile zitholakala ngesivuno esikhulu, kanye nasezihlahleni ezindala.
- Amaseli amatshe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ku-Memory of Yakovlev:
Ukutshala nokushiya amapheya ukukhumbula uYakovlev
Noma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwesihlahla sezithelo kuqala ngokukhethwa kwesithombo. Lapho uhlola isitshalo, naka isimo saso.
Isithombo kufanele sibonakale siphilile... Ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama. Azikho izimpawu zokubola. Yiba nezinkuni ezintsha, hhayi ezomile. Izimpande ezinempilo.
Akufanele uthenge izithombo emakethe, kungcono ukuyithenga ezindaweni ezikhethekile zezithelo zezithelo.
Ukufika endaweni
Udinga ukutshala ipheya endaweni eyisicaba, eyomile. Kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga. Izindawo ezinetafula lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba azifanele ukutshala isihlahla. Umhlabathi kufanele uvunde futhi uvundiswe kahle.
Kungenzeka ukuthi utshale isithombo sezinhlobonhlobo zePamyati Yakovlev entwasahlobo kuphela. Isihlahla esincane kufanele sitshalwe emhlabathini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga.
Iqiniso ukuthi ipheya alikuthandi ukufakelwa okuvamile, ngakho-ke sinquma indawo yalo ehlala njalo ngokushesha.
Izinhlobonhlobo kuMemori ye-Yakovlev iyazivundisa, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi kutshalwe impovaokuyinto enhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane.
Ukutshala isihlahla, simba umgodi ojulile. Ipheya linehlelo lempande elithuthuke kakhulu, ngakho-ke idinga isikhala esiningi... Ukujula komgodi akukho ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1-1.2. Ububanzi bungu-0.8-1 m.
Njengoba ipheya lithanda inhlabathi evundile, ngakho-ke ungene emgodini kufanele kufakwe umanyolo:
- ama-humus 2.5-3 amabhakede;
- isihlabathi 2 amabhakede;
- i-potassium sulfate 3 wezipuni;
- superphosphate 1 inkomishi.
Hlanganisa nomhlaba owemba umgodi.
Manje gubha izinkomishi ezi-2 zikafulawa wedolomite noma umcako ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ungenza futhi isisombululo ngokhuni lomlotha. Thela lesi sixazululo emgodini bese usishiya isonto lonke.
Ukufika
Ngemuva kwesonto, qhubeka ngqo ukutshala... Shayela isikhonkwane phakathi komgodi. Isikhonkwane kufanele sibe ngaphezulu ukuthi ngaphezulu siphakeme kancane kunezithombo. Lokhu cishe kungu-0.5 m.
Okulandelayo, thela isiduli emhlabathini olungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Thatha isithombo, bese usabalalisa ngokucophelela izimpande esidulini, usimboze ngomhlabathi.
Iseluleko: ngokufika ngempumelelo, kungcono uma nikwenza nobabili.
Mboza phezulu kokutshala ngomhlaba ojwayelekile. Lapho utshala, nyakazisa amafathomu ukuze kungabikho zikhala phakathi kwezimpande.
Naka indawo lapho kukhona khona ikhola yezimpande: kufanele ibe ngu-5-6 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuthi umuthi usumboziwe, umhlaba owuzungezile udinga ukuhlanganiswa. Manje uthele ngamanani amabili noma amathathu... Thela ibhakede elilodwa kuqala bese kuthi emuva kokuba amanzi esemunciwe, uthele okulandelayo.
Ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi nokuvikela ukhula, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla umbuthano periosteal... Spread ungqimba humus noma Peat ungqimba 5-6 cm.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zasekwindla
Ngaphezu kwalokho sinakekela amapheya njengezihlahla zama-apula... Ukunisela kuyadingeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo selomile. Ukukhipha indilinga yesiqu esiseduze nokhula. Ukulawulwa komanyolo nokulawulwa kwezifo.
Yize izinhlobonhlobo zePamyati Yakovlev zingadalulwa kutwayi, umsebenzi wokuvimbela kufanele wenziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, phatha izihlahla nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Umehluko ekunakekelweni kwepheya ngu embozwe iqhwa eliningi ebusika... Abanye abalimi basusa i-bole ngamanzi ngaphambi kokubandayo.
Imbozwe yiqhwa, evikela ipheya ekuqandeni. Njengoba amapheya amancane athambekele ekubandeni kunezihlahla zama-apula.
Sisebenzisa ama-fungicides ngokumelene nezifo ukuvimbela. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, fafaza izitshalo ezinenhlanganisela engu-3% yeBordeaux.
Ngesikhathi eliphakathi kwe zezimbali ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa iStrobi noma i-Inta-Vir.
Umanyolo ingahlakazeka phezu kweqhwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-nitrogen ne-carbamide noma i-urea ingeniswa. Ehlobo, engeza i-potassium kanye nokuchelela. I-Phosphorus iyadingeka ngemuva kwesikhathi sokukhula. Faka i-superphosphate ngenkathi umba.
Ungawakha kanjani umqhele ngepheya
Umqhele wamapheya uvame ukwenzeka ngokwemvelongakho-ke akukho ukusika okukhethekile okudingekayo. Kepha manje, uma amagatsha efriziwe, khona-ke akha iziqongo eziningi eziphothayo.
Kulokhu, amanye ala mahlumela kufanele anqunywe, kanti amanye kufanele anikezwe indawo evundlile. Ipheya uthela izithelo emagatsheni avundlile kuphela.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ukuze kulondolozwe izici zikamama zezithombo ezintsha, kungcono ukusabalalisa ipheya ngokubeka... Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha igatsha esihlahleni. Kepha njengoba lesi kungumuthi, futhi ngeke kusebenze ukugoba igatsha njenge-currant, ungasebenzisa enye inketho.
Beka ibhokisi ngenhlabathi ngaphansi kwegatsha elikhethiwe. Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa ibhokisi ngomhlaba, faka ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kuwo. I-foil izovimbela umswakama ekuhwamukeni ebhokisini.
Manje goba igatsha ebhokisini. Yenza ukusikeka okuningana kuso bese uyinamathisela emhlabathini. Mboza ngomhlaba ngaphezulu.
Ukuze izimpande zakheke ngokushesha, sebenzisa i-Kornevin noma i-Epin. Nisela igatsha ngesisombululo somuthi. Bese umboza umhlabathi ebhokisini nge-foil, ukufulela ukuzwa kanye nongqimba lwe-peat.
Gcina umswakama ekhabetheni... Izimpande egatsheni zakhiwa isizini yonke, kepha kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungatshala kabusha lesi sitshalo ekwindla. Ebusika, vikela ibhokisi ngesithombo kahle bese ulimboza ngeqhwa.
Ngale ndlela besineminyaka emibili sikhulisa isithombo... Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sehlukaniswa nesihlahla futhi sitshalwe kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ngale ndlela yokuzala, ukusika kugcina izici zabo zomama bese kuqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambi kwezithombo ezijwayelekile.
Kusuka kukho konke okubhaliwe, lawo maqiniso kufanele aqhakanjiswe ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zePamyati Yakovlev zilungele kakhulu ukukhula... Ngisho nensimu ye-novice ingakwazi ukuyiphatha.
Kuvamile ezingadini zaseRussia Ephakathi, kanye naseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Abalimi bengadi bathande lokhu kuhlukahluka ukungathobeki, ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni, ukumelana nezifo kanye nobunzima obukhulu basebusika... Izithelo ezimnandi ngaphandle kwe-astringency.
Njengoba utshale ipheya ukukhumbula uYakovlev kusayithi lakho, ngeke uzisole ngokuthatha indawo.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi kwePamyat Yakovlev: