Akekho umuntu ongavikelekile ekubukekeni kwezilokazane noma izifo ezihlahleni zezithelo. ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi izindlela zokuzivikela nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezifo ezahlukahlukene... Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngezimbangela zokuvela kwama-apula anezibungu nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sifo.
Kungani kuvela ama-apula anobungu, yini okufanele ngiyenze?
Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi isihlahla se-apula sinikeze isivuno esihle, kepha phakathi kwamashumi amakhilogremu, izithelo ezinempilo azitholakali. Kungani? Iningi lazo likhombisa izimbungu. Uphawu olunjalo lukhombisa ukuvela kwezinambuzane, okuyingozi kakhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi inundu le-codling, okushiya imikhondo engathandeki enjalo.
Inundu ye-apula uvemvane, aludluli kumamilimitha angama-20 ubude, ingozi enkulu yizibungu zalezi zinambuzane... Iminyaka yemvemvane iqala maphakathi noJuni futhi ihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, babeka amaqanda aluhlaza emaqabungeni nasezithelweni zesihlahla, bewaxhuma ngokuphepha ekusekelweni.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, inundu elilodwa lilimaza ama-aphula afika kwangu-5, futhi uma isithelo siwela, khona-ke lesi sinambuzane sibuyela esihlahleni.
Isibungu singena ngaphakathi kwe-aphula ngokusebenzisa i-petiole noma ukulimala komshini esikhunjeni.
Ungasusa kanjani izikelemu ngama-apula, ungaselapha kanjani isihlahla?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nezibungu ze-apula. Imikhiqizo eminingi isetshenziswa njenge-prophylaxis kanye nokulwa nezinambuzane esevele zivele.
- Amakhemikhali - Amalungiselelo e-organophosphate azibonakalise ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Isikhathi esikahle sokusisebenzisa yisikhathi lapho amacimbi ephuma khona emaqandeni. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha ubukhulu, imvamisa zonke izilinganiso zikhonjiswa kumalebula, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizolimala. Izibonelo zalezo zimali yiCalypso, Tod, Zolon, Atom, Binom, Coragen. Kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:
- Le ndlela yomzabalazo ayizilungele izikhathi zezihlahla nezithelo.
- Uma kuhlelwa ukwelashwa okuningana ngesizini eyodwa, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene.
- Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ngezinto ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke amagilavu, umshini wokuphefumula nezinye izinto zokuzivikela kumele kusetshenziswe.
- Ama-biological agents - ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali, kukhona izincomo zokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-ejenti wokucubungula anjalo:
- IFitoverm - ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abanolwazi, ingasetshenziswa noma nini futhi ngeke ilimaze abantu nezitshalo.
- I-Lepidocide - isebenza kahle ngezikhathi zokugcwaliswa ngobuningi kwezihlahla zama-apula nezibungu.
- I-Bitoxibacillin - ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe kuphela ngenkathi yokukhula.
- Ukuhlanza i-trunk kusuka kumagxolo amadala - imvamisa izinambuzane ezingaphezulu kobusika emagqabeni esihlahla, ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukuzala kwazo, zenza lezi zenzo entwasahlobo.
- Ukumba umhlabathi ozungeze isihlahla se-apula futhi isebenza njengendlela yokulawula izinambuzane.
- Ukudalwa kwezicupho ezikhethekile ngeziqu zemithilokho kuzovimbela inundu ukuthi libuyele esicongweni. Ukwenza lokhu, thatha isikhwama, esingaba ngamasentimitha angama-20-30 ububanzi, bese usibopha nge-twine esiqwini, endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40-50 ukusuka phansi.
- Ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli isihlahla kumele sibe mhlophe.
- Wonke ama-apula alimele asuswa kangcono, umthetho ofanayo usebenza ekuqoqeni amavolontiya.
- Njengoba kunikezwe ubuhlakani bezimvemvane, ezingathandi ukumanzisa izidladla zazo, ehlobo lezinambuzane kusihlwa amahlamvu adinga ukufafazwa ngamanzi.
Ukuze usebenze kahle kakhulu ekulweni nesibungu se-apula noma ukuvimbela, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Le ndlela izosiza ukuvikela isihlahla ekuhlaselweni izinambuzane.
Uyini umdlavuza omnyama esihlahleni se-apula, indlela yokulwa?
Umdlavuza omnyama - esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni zefungal, ngoba uma sitholwa kusenesikhathi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isihlahla. Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu zivela esiqwini sesihlahla nasemagatsheni aso ogebhezi lwamathambo, kepha kunezimo lapho umdlavuza omnyama uvela emaqabungeni, ezimbalini, ezithelweni. Kunezimpawu ezilandelayo zokuthola lesi sifo:
- Isigaba sokugcina nesiyingozi kakhulu kuzoba ukumnyama kwezinkuni.... Okokuqala, amabala ansundu ngokunsomi azovela kumagxolo, azoqala ukuqhekeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bese ewa ngokuphelele. Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezinjalo, isihlahla se-apula asinakulapheka.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka kancane kancane kuso sonke isihlahla, bese kuthi kungakapheli iminyaka engu-3-4 sife.
- Amachashaza emaqabungeni - aqala ukuvela masisha ngemuva kokuvuleka kwamaqabunga futhi abukeke njengamachashaza amancane ansomi ngaphezulu kweqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyakhula, kanti phakathi nendawo iba nsundu, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa imizimba yefungus iqale ukwakheka.
I-Pycnidia (ukwakheka kwefungal) ihlelwe ngemibuthano egxilile.
- Isihlahla siqala ukukhipha amaqabunga anegciwane kuze kube yilapho izithelo zivuthwa, ngakho-ke, isivuno sincishiswe kakhulu ngisho naseminyakeni yokuqala yokubonakaliswa komdlavuza omnyama.
- Isithelo sesihlahla esithintekile siba nsundu kuqala, ngokuzayo okungashintsha ngokuphelele kube mnyama, kanye namachashazi amnyama nokwakheka kwefungal kuvela emaqabungeni.
- Ama-apula athintekile ahlala elenga emagatsheni ngisho nangemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga... Zipendwe ngombala omnyama noma onsundu futhi zinendawo embi.
Izizathu zokubonakala
- Ingadi endala - lesi sifo asivamisile ukuthinta izihlahla ezincane ezinamagxolo amahle. Izihlahla zama-apula ezibuthakathaka zinamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwefungal kuzo.
- Ukunganakekelwa kahle - izihlahla zidinga ukuniselwa kakhulu futhi zondliwe ngamanyolo ahlukahlukene, uma kungenjalo ngeke zibe nezakhamzimba ezanele zokuzivikela kulesi sifo.
Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu sithathwa njengesikhathi esiza ngemuva kwezithelo eziningi, lapho izihlahla zama-apula ziqinile.
- Ukushiswa yilanga - zenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma i-trunk ingacakiwe, khona-ke kuze kunyamalale ikhava lonke leqhwa, ngezinsuku lapho ukukhanya kucacile futhi libalele futhi izinga lokushisa ebusuku liphansi impela. Futhi ngosuku, umehluko ufinyelela umehluko kuma-degree angama-30, kushiswa amagxolo ezihlahla, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwefungus engxenyeni eyonakele.
- Akulungile noma ukusika ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Izinambuzane zomuthi we-Apple yizithwali zezifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza omnyama, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvimba ngesikhathi ukwenzeka kwazo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula kufanele zivumelane nesimo sezulu esifundeni, ukuze izinga lokushisa nomswakama kungalethi ukungakhululeki ezihlahleni.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
- Ukuthena okulungile - ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula okuhle komqhele ngokususa amagatsha angadingekile. Futhi, inqubo enjalo ivimbela ukuguga kwesihlahla futhi ivuselele ukuthela izithelo. Kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ungadingi ukususa amagatsha aminyene. Ukuvela kwamanxeba amakhulu aphola isikhathi eside ukuphola nakho kungadala ukuqala komdlavuza omnyama.
- Ukubulala amagciwane kwamathuluzi engadi - ukuze ungabi yisithwali sesifo esiyingozi, imimese kanye ne-secateurs kuyesulwa ngohlobo oluthile oluqukethe utshwala ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.
- Ukukhipha amathuba okuswakama ngokweqile noma, kunalokho, ukushiswa yilanga esiqwini somuthi, it kuyadingeka ukugcwala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Ephreli) nasekwindla (November).
- Ngenkathi ulungiselela ingadi ebusika wonke amaqabunga asele nezithelo kuyasuswalokho kungaba yimithombo yokutheleleka.
Izingxenye eziphilile zezihlahla zingasetshenziswa njengomquba noma isivundisi, kepha ezigulayo ziyashiswa ngokushesha.
- Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga izihlahla zidinga ukwelashwa ngama-fugnicides... Zisetshenziswa esiqwini nasemagatsheni esihlahla sama-apula, kanye nasemibuthanweni yesiqu. Isidakamizwa i-Hom, i-Brodsky liquid noma i-sulfate yethusi sizibonakalise singcono kakhulu.
- Okuvamile ukusetshenziswa komanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi yenza amagxolo aqine futhi avuthwe.
Uma kutholakala izimpawu zesifo ezicacile, izihlahla zama-apula ezithintekayo kufanele zisishulwe futhi zishiswe ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwezihlahla ezinempilo.
Ukulwa Nomdlavuza Omnyama
Imvamisa, kwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla ezithintekile zingabe zisabuyiselwa futhi kufanele zisuswe, kepha kunendlela ongazama ngayo ukwelapha isihlahla sama-apula.
Kuzosebenza ngempumelelo ukwenza lo msebenzi uma kutholakala indawo encane kumagxolo esihlahla. Indawo enesifo ihluthwa ngokucophelela ngommese wensimu., ngasikhathi sinye, kubanjwa amasentimitha ayi-1-2 wezicubu ezinempilo, khona-ke le ndawo iphathwa ngamaphesenti ama-3 esulfate yethusi noma amaphesenti ama-5 e-iron sulfate. Lapho isilonda esiphumela soma, kufanele simbozwe nge-varnish yensimu ukuze sigweme ukubonakala kwesikhunta esisha kuso.
Amagatsha athintekile, izithelo namaqabunga kuyasuswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwangaphandle kwalokho lesi sifo sizosakazeka ezingxenyeni ezinempilo.
Omunye umonakalo obaluleke kakhulu engadini kungaba inundu ye-apula noma i-crayfish emnyama. Zombili lezi zifo zizonciphisa kakhulu inani lokuvuna noma ziholele nasekufeni kwesihlahla. Isilinganiso esikhulu sokwelashwa nokuvikeleka kwezilonda kuzoba ukususwa kwezindawo ezinegciwane. nokubhujiswa kwabo ngokushesha.
Uma unakekela kahle isihlahla se-apula futhi ulandela zonke izincomo, khona-ke ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kungagwenywa.