Ukuthi nje uMaria uthathwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zamapheya ezivuthwa ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi. Kulula ukumbheka. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
UMaria nje ungumuthi wokuphakama okulingene nomqhele we-compact wide-pyramidal. Iyakwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha ama-3. Ububanzi bomqhele bungamamitha ayi-2,5.
Umlando wokubukeka nencazelo yepheya u-Just Maria
Ukuthi nje uMaria uyinhlobo yamapheya ezalelwa eBelarus e-Institute of Fruit Growing ngokuwela ifomu elixubile 6 / 89-100 nepheya, elingaziwa kakhulu eRussia, iButter Ro.
Ababhali bencazelo yalokhu kuhlukahluka kanye nezici zayo ezivelele kwakungabalimi abadumile uMG Myalik, O. A. Yakimovich noG. Alekseeva. Ekuqaleni, lesi sihlahla sasibizwa nge- "Maria", sabe sesiqanjwa kabusha saba yi- "Just Maria"... Ngo-2005, le nhlobonhlobo yamapheya yathunyelwa ukuhlolelwa izinhlobonhlobo zoMbuso.
I-Pear Just Maria yaziwa njengezinhlobo ezafika sekwedlule isikhathi, njengoba ithela izithelo ngo-Okthoba. Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya i-Avgustovskaya Rosa ingeyehlobo. Isivuno salezi zinhlobonhlobo sihle, futhi isithwathwa esinzima asithinti neze ubuningi nekhwalithi yesithelo. Ukuthi nje uMaria uthathwa njengezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile zasebusika ezingamelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufike ku -38 ° C. Ngemuva kweqhwa, izihlahla zivuseleleka ngokushesha futhi zithele izithelo eziningi.
Izithelo zepheya zikhulu impela. Isisindo esilinganiselwe sezithelo ezivuthiwe singu-180 g, esikhulu kunazo zonke asikho ngaphezu kwama-200 g, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile sifinyelela kuma-230 g. Izithelo ezimise okwepharele. Ingaphezulu lazo lihlanzekile, libushelelezi futhi liyacwebezela. Izithelo zeziqu azide kakhulu futhi ziwugqinsi, zigobile kancane. Umbala wezithelo uphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani ngombala opinki. Ukutshala impova eduze kwepheya kungakhuphula kakhulu isivuno sayo.
I-pulp yesithelo iluhlaza okombala, ubukhulu bayo buphakathi futhi bunamafutha. Isithelo sinoshukela futhi sinamanzi ngokunambitha, sinomuncu omncane.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka zifaka:
- ukunambitheka kwezithelo okunqoba ezinye izinhlobo;
- ukuqala okusheshayo kwesikhathi sokuthela, okungukuthi, isivuno sivunwa eminyakeni engu-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa - lokhu kuhlukahluka kukwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa -38 ° C;
- UMaria ubonakala ngokumelana nokwanda kwezifo eziningi.
Kwamaphutha, izinkomba zesilinganiso sesivuno kuphela ezibonwayo.
Ukutshala amapheya
I-Pear Just Maria i-thermophilic, ngakho-ke ukufika kukwenziwa ezingxenyeni ezisondele kakhulu emhlabeni.
Indawo ekahle yokutshala izithombo uhlangothi olungaseningizimu lwensimu olungenamoya.
Ipheya litshalwa ekwindla lapho amaqabunga ewa ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zifakwa emanzini amahora ama-5-7. Lapho indawo emhlabathini isilungele ukutshalwa, bayasikhipha isitshalo. Kumbiwe umgodi omkhulu, ukujula kwawo kungu-1-1.5 m. Isigaxa sakhiwe kuwo kusuka enhlabathini nase-peat. Isithombo sifakwa emgodini futhi izimpande zisakazeka phezu kwesigaxa.
Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi evundile, uthinte kancane... Kuqhutshwa isigxobo eduze kwalesi sitshalo, esizosebenza njengesisekelo sesihlahla esizayo. Isithombo siboshelwe esigxotsheni ngemichilo yendwangu. Ngemuva kokutshala, isihlahla sesikhathi esizayo siyaniselwa ngokushesha, futhi inhlabathi ezungeze impande iyakhululwa ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi umunca amanzi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
UMaria nje ujwayele ukubekezelela indawo enesithunzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezimweni ezinjalo kuholela ekukhuleni okungenampilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lokhu kuhlukahluka kutshalwa ezindaweni ezingenamthunzi.
Indawo enelanga ilungele isihlahla, lapho isithunzi siwela kancane esihlahleni.
UMaria udinga umswakama nje, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele udale izimo zokuchelela okuningi nokuhlala njalo. Izihlahla aziniselwa hhayi kuphela onyakeni wokuqala emva kokutshala, kodwa sonke isikhathi esilandelayo.... Ukunisela kwenziwa izikhathi ezine - 5 ngesizini ngayinye. Kufanele usebenzise cishe amabhakede amathathu amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye. Ngemuva kokuchelela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuze umoya ungene ezimpandeni.
Uma ungalandeli izincomo ezingenhla, izinga lokumelana nesithwathwa kwepheya lingehla. Futhi, lapho unisela isihlahla, ungasidluli. Uma izimpande zesitshalo zigcwala amanzi, izinwele zezimpande zizoqala ukufa ngenxa yokushoda komoya.
Izici zokunakekela
Izinhlobonhlobo Just Maria udinga ukunakekelwa okuhle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isihlahla sizogula futhi sikhule kabi. Ekwindla kungalimala ngamagundane. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusonga iziqu zesitshalo ngephepha elijiyile ngemuva kokutshala.
Ebusika, uhlelo lwempande lwepeyari lungase luhlupheke. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla, umuthi ulungiselelwe iqhwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphakama okuvela emhlabeni kudalwe kuzungeze ipharele Just Mary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvala umhlabathi ungamboza umhlabathi ngamaqabunga eduze kwesiqu sesitshalo.
Izihlahla ezincane zidinga:
- Yiba nokufinyelela komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lwempande. Ngakho-ke, ipheya kufanele likhululwe futhi lisuswe ukhula kaningi.
- Ukukhulelwa njalo.
- Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen. I-nitrogen ixutshwe nenhlabathi bese ithululelwa emseleni ngaphambi kokuba ipheya liqhakaze.
- Ukuze uvuthwe izithelo ezijwayelekile, ekugcineni kwezimbali eziphakathi kwepheya, kufanele kungezwe isisombululo se-urea esingu-0.4%.
Ukuvuna
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna uMaria nje ungowezinhlobo zasekwindla. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwaleli peya siqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba. Egumbini lefriji, izithelo zihlala zintsha kuze kube nguJanuwari.
Lesi sihlahla siletha isivuno saso sokuqala onyakeni wesithathu selokhu satshalwa. Kungenzeka ukuqoqa kufika ku-40 kg yamapheya esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izithelo zezinhlobo zeJust Maria zikhiwa zingakavuthwa. Izithelo zamapheya zivuthwa egumbini elibandayo futhi elimnyama izinyanga ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho zizobe zithambile, zinamanzi futhi zimnandi.
Izici:
Izithelo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-phuzi ngombala futhi zinesikhumba esikhanyayo. Isithelo esisodwa esiyipheya sinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-200 amagremu. Izithelo zinamachashazi aluhlaza angaphansi. Izithelo ziyimbewu encane enombala onsundu onsundu.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
I-Pear Just Maria isakazeka ngokusika, ukubeka nokuxhunyelelwa. Ukusabalalisa ngokusika kuyindlela ephumelelayo, equkethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Thatha uhlaka oluhlaza kusuka kupheya elivuthiwe futhi kubekwe ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20-25 ° C. Ngakho-ke, ukusika kuzoba nezimpande esikhathini esifushane.
- Isiqu esikhethiwe sepheya kufanele sibe namaqabunga... Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuke ukuthi izogxila kanjani.
- Isembozo sefilimu sisetshenziselwa ukugcina izinga lokushisa olifunayo. Kodwa lapha izimo ezinjalo zenzelwe ukusika ukuze umoya ungashisi kakhulu.
- Ukusindisa ukusika ekushiseni ngokweqile, kwelulwa indwangu emanzi phezu kwayo, engafaki ipheya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sizobuthakathaka futhi asikwazi ukukhula kahle.
- Ekushiseni, ama-cuttings afuthwa ngamanzi ama-5-6 izikhathi ngosuku, kepha kuphela lapho ilanga likhanya. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu, le nqubo yenziwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku. Futha amapheya kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga esemanzi ngokuphelele.
- Izisiki ku-greenhouse zibekwa ukuze zeqe kancane izinga lomhlabathi.
Ngokuvela kokuqala kwezimpande, ukusikwa kwepheya kuyaphathwa ngezikhuthazi zokukhula.
Ngalokhu, ungasebenzisa amaphilisi e-heteroauxin. Lawa macwecwe ancibilika emanzini lapho kufakwa khona ukusika.
Ukukhiqiza ngokubeka Ingabe indlela elula kunazo zonke. Ngenkathi ipheya lithatha izimpande, ngeke sibe khona isidingo sokubheka izimo zemvelo. Ngokubeka, udinga ukukhetha amahlumela afanele esitshalweni esivuthiwe.
Okokuqala, umhlaba ulungiswa lapho amahlumela angangena khona. Lokhu kudinga indawo yokufika ukuthola amanzi ne-oxygenate. Futhi, akufanele ivezwe ekukhanyeni.
Lapho kuzaliswa amapheya, kusetshenziswa amahlumela ajwayelekile:
- Cishe akukho monakalo owenziwayo esitshalweni somzali lapho usebenzisa le ndlela;
- Igatsha lesitshalo limbozwe inhlabathi, kusele kuphela inhla yaphezulu;
- Kwakhiwa izimpande endaweni lapho ihlumela limbozwe khona ngomhlaba;
- Lapho izimpande zivela kusendlalelo ngenani elifanele, iyanqanyulwa esitshalweni esingumzali.
- Ngokufakelwa kwezimpande ngempumelelo, kufanelekile ukuthatha amahlumela ngekhono elithuthukisiwe lokwenza izimpande. Ukwenza lokhu, amagatsha esihlahleni anqunywa unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokubeka izimpande.
Ukuzaliswa ngokuxhunyelelwa - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ende. Ingqikithi yayo ukusika igatsha kwesinye isitshalo bese lixhunyelelwa kwesinye. Umuthi ozofakwa kuwo ubizwa ngokuthi isitoko.
Ungasabalalisa ipheya ngendlela efanayo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kobisi noma lapho kuphela.
Ukuze kugonywe udinga:
- Kusukela maphakathi nomqhele wepheya, u-Just Maria, unqume ukusikwa okumbalwa konyaka owodwa wobude obungahle bufinyelele amahlumela amathathu noma amane. Lesi senzo senziwa ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, ngoba isithwathwa sokuqala siqinisa izinkuni.
- Ukukhula kuboshelwe ezihlangwini kufakwe engaphansi. Bazohlala lapho ebusika.
- Isiqu sihlanganiselwa egatsheni elincanyana.
- Isiphunzi nesikisi kufanele kube ububanzi obufanayo.
- Isitoko sinqunywe ngamasentimitha amathathu.
- Ukuze usinde kahle, i-scion nesitoko kunqunywa nge-engeli ebukhali.
- Ngemuva kokubopha iscion nesiphunzi, basongwa ngefilimu elula bese belungiswa ngotape kagesi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuthi nje uMaria umelana nokulimala okuhlukahlukene, kepha amathuba okutheleleka asekhona. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela i-septoria, utwayi nomdlavuza webhaktheriya.
I-Septoriasis Isifo sokukhunta. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zitholakala emaqabungeni awile. Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kunganqunywa ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu ngokumpunga emaqabunga. Ekwelapheni, kwenziwa imishanguzo emithathu yensimu. Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesixazululo se-nitrophene kuze kufike ukuvuleka. Ngemuva kwalokho ipheya lifafazwa ekugcineni kwezimbali ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid. Futhi okokugcina lapho umuthi ufuthwa khona emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20 uqhakazile, futhi nangoketshezi lweBordeaux.
Ukhwekhwe yisifo sefungal. Izinhlamvu zigcinwa ezinso. Lesi sifo singatholakala lapho kutholakala izindawo ezinsundu emaqabunga epheya nasezithelweni zaso. Izindlela zokubhekana notwayi ziyafana neze-septoria.
Umdlavuza wegciwane - lesi sifo futhi sinomsuka wesikhunta. Izimpawu zalesi sifo: amagxolo aqhephukile namnyama, amabala ansundu ayabonakala emaqabungeni, isithelo sesiphenduke saba mnyama. Ukuze uvimbele isifo sepheya esifanayo, ukulimala kwegxolo kufanele kukhishwe.
Ukubuyekezwa kwengadi
UKlimenko Irina: Ukuthi nje uMaria uyisithelo esimnandi ngendlela emangalisayo. Angakwazi ukuncintisana ngokuphepha nezinhlobonhlobo zaseningizimu zamapheya. Ukunambitha uProsto Maria ungo-100% kwasekuqaleni, ngoba unezimfanelo ezinjengokuvunwa, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
ULebedev Anton: Angikuthandanga ukunambitheka kwesithelo. Bekubonakala kunoshukela kimi.Futhi, emaphutheni, ngiyakwazi ukubona ukuchitheka kwesibeletho ngesikhathi kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo lapho ipheya liqhakaza.
Volodonskaya Natalia: Nginamapheya akhula esizeni sami u-Just Maria. Ngiyajabula ukuthi ivuthwa ekwindla futhi igcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukuyinakekela akunzima. Isithelo uqobo sinoshukela futhi sinamanzi amaningi.
Abazalisi baseBelarusian bakhe inhlobonhlobo ehlukile yamapheya. Ukuthi nje uMaria uvumelane nobusika obubandayo, futhi lokhu akuthinti ikhwalithi nobungako besitshalo, umelana nezifo zezihlahla.
Futhi kusuka kuyo kungenzeka ukuthola njalo izithelo ezinezici zokunambitheka okuphezulu. Tshala ipheya likaMaria nje engadini yakho futhi ujabulele izithelo ezinamakha!