Abantu abaningi abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya bahlanganyela ekuzalaneni konogwaja. Kakhulu ukuhlinzekela umndeni wabo ngenyama entsha, emnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama kanogwaja iyadla futhi ikhonjiswa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezifweni eziningi, kanye nasekudleni kwengane. Ukuzalisa unogwaja njengebhizinisi akusakazeki kakhulu.
Kepha leli yilo kuphela ibhizinisi elingaqalwa ngezindleko eziphansi. Ukuzala kwezilwane, izindleko eziphakeme zenyama nokuncintisana okuphansi kuyizinto ezibalulekile zemali engaguquguquki, ephezulu evela kulo msebenzi. Ngendlela enekhono nenhlangano, leli bhizinisi lingaba yilokho kanye okuzokulethela imali engenayo ezinzile futhi ephezulu.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukufuywa konogwaja njengebhizinisi, ukuthi ungaqala kuphi nokuthi ungaphumelela kanjani.
Ukulima unogwaja njengebhizinisi elinenzuzo: izinzuzo nezinkinga
Noma imuphi umsebenzi wezamabhizinisi unobuhle nobubi bawo. Ukulima onogwaja akunjalo. Izinzuzo zepulazi elincane zifaka:
- Izindleko eziphansi zezezimali zokuqala ibhizinisi.
- Ukuzala okuphezulu, okungadingi ukuthengwa kwezilwane ezisencane.
- Ubuncane bemibhalo yenhlangano.
- Izindleko zokugcina eziphansi.
- Izindleko eziphezulu zenyama.
- Ithuba lokuthengisa elibanzi.
- Ukuncintisana okuphansi.
- Imali engenayo eyengeziwe evela ekuthengisweni kwezikhumba nomquba.
Okubi:
- Okubi ngokuzalaniswa konogwaja kusengozini yezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufa okuphezulu.
- Izidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka nokunakekelwa.
- Ukubhaliswa kwemibhalo efanele.
Izici zenhlangano nezomthetho
Yini engcono ukuhlela - ipulazi elixhasayo lomuntu siqu, ibhizinisi elilodwa noma ipulazi?
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi kumele lwenziwe ngokusemthethweni futhi kufanele kukhokhwe intela. Kuyacaca ukuthi uma kunonogwaja abangama-20-30 epulazini, lokhu-ke akudingeki ukuthi kudliwe umuntu futhi kubhaliswe. Ukukhethwa kwefomu kuncike enanini lezilwane nokuthi bangaki abasebenzi abasepulazini. Ake sihlolisise amafomu okubhalisa:
- I-LPH (ipulazi elisizayo).
- I-SP (ibhizinisi ngalinye).
- I-KFH (ipulazi elincane).
I-LPH
Ilungele usomabhizinisi osemusha. Ukuqala ngomnotho wakho ezweni lakho, unamathuba amaningi okuthuthuka. PLapho wenza lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza, izintela azikhokhwa, kepha ngokwenza imisebenzi yezomnotho, kufanele unikeze isitifiketi sokutholakala kwesiza somhlaba. Ukuthengisa inyama ezimakethe nakubangani bakho.
Ngabe ukubhaliswa kwe-IP kunikezani?
Ngaleli fomu, kuzokwenzeka ukuvula isitolo sakho sokuthengisa ukuthengisa inyama. Futhi ubanikeze kwezinye izindawo zokuthengisa. Usomabhizinisi uphoqelekile ukuthi akhokhe intela. Kulolu daba, kufanele uxhumane nehhovisi lakho lentela lasendaweni ukuthola ukucaciseleka, ngoba umthetho kule ndaba uhlala ushintsha.
Kubandakanya uzodinga:
- Isitifiketi sePulazi.
- Thola isimemezelo se-GOST-R.
- Khipha isitifiketi senhlanzeko.
Uma lungekho ulwazi lwe-accounting, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqashe uchwepheshe ozogcina amarekhodi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwenza ibhizinisi ngokusemthethweni libe yimiqulu emikhulu yokukhiqiza.
Ipulazi elincane
Yenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi wezolimo. Kuyafana nokwenza ibhizinisi, ngaphandle kwamaphuzu athile:
- ingaba nezimenenja eziningana zamapulazi ezinamalungelo alinganayo;
- akukho mibhalo esemthethweni neyomthetho edingekayo.
Ngokombono, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenzelwa ukuthola uxhaso nezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ezivela kuhulumeni, engicabanga ukuthi kunzima ukuzithola.
Zilungiselele ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokwakho.
Ngakho-ke isiphetho, uma ungenawo umkhiqizo ngezinga lezimboni, okokuqala-ke kungcono ukuhlala ekwakhiweni kweziza zasekhaya ezizimele.
Uhlobo lwentela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zentela zomkhakha wezolimo. Lo ngumbono owenziwe lula lapho imali isusa izindleko kanye nezolimo ezivamile. Yikuphi okulula kakhulu kuwe, ungacela izeluleko kumuntu owenza i-accounting. Ngoba kuya ngohlobo lomsebenzi, kwinani labasebenzi nakwivolumu yokukhiqiza.
Lapho ubhalisa, uzonikezwa ikhodi OKVED enekhodi - А.01.25.2. Lokhu kusho: ukuzalisa onogwaja nezilwane ezinoboya endaweni epulazini. Le khodi ayibandakanyi inyama nezikhumba zezilwane ezitholwe ngokuzingela noma ukubamba.
Ungaqala kanjani ukuzalanisa izilwane kusuka ekuqaleni?
Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi liqala ngemfundiso yokufunda. Funda konke okuphathelene nokuzalisa onogwaja: ukuzalanisa, izimo zezindlu, ukondla, izifo nokunye okuningi. Cela izeluleko kubalimi abanolwazi. Funda imiyalo yezidakamizwa, njengeSolicox.
Cabanga ngamakhefu lapho izilwane zizogcinwa khona. Bangathola ifolishi enjani. Isakhiwo sizoba kuphi. Funda futhi ngazo zonke izinhlobo zonogwaja bese ucabanga ukuthi yimuphi ozoba lula kuwe ukusebenza naye. Funda imakethe yokuthengisa.
Shiya imibhangqwana yesehlukaniso kulabo bazali abanezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalisa
Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo zokufuya lezo ezingamelana nesimo sezulu sethu saseRussia futhi azifuneki kakhulu ekugcineni izimo. Kulokhu, ukuzibandakanya ekuzalaneni konogwaja kuzoba lusizo.
Izinhlobo zonogwaja zokufuya zihlukaniswe nge:
- inyama;
- inyama nesikhumba;
- ukudinwa.
Kukhona futhi onogwaja bokuhlobisa, kepha bagcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
- Uhlobo lwenyama.
Onogwaja abakhula ngokushesha. Bathola isisindo esiphezulu ngezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngokunakekelwa okwanele ngezinyanga ezine, isidumbu singaba kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 kg.
- Inyama isikhumba.
Onogwaja lapho ungathola khona kokubili isikhumba nenyama.
- Downy.
Onogwaja abane-soft down enhle, abantu abaningi abayisebenzisayo ukwenza izingubo.
AmaFlanders
Bangabohlobo lohlobo lwenyama. Labogwaja bankulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-70 cm.Isisindo somuntu omdala sifinyelela ku-10 kg. AmaFlanders asetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa ezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zenyama.
Onogwaja banezindlebe ezinkulu, ezibanzi. Umzimba oqinile, onemisipha. Ithenda, inyama ethambile. Umbala woboya uyafana nowe-kangaroo noma we-beaver. I-Flanders ithandwa ngabafuyi ngenxa yemvelo yabo elinganiselayo futhi ezolile.
Kepha lolu hlobo lunezithiyo zalo. Zidinga amakheji amakhulu, kepha zigcinwa kangcono ezindaweni ezivalekile. Badla ukudla okuningi. Onogwaja baphuza ukuvuthwa. Kaningi baba nobunzima ekubelethweni. Kepha uma ubenzela izimo ezihloniphekile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi bazalele imali.
Gcina ama-akhawunti akho. Qopha isisindo, umbala wesikhumba, kanye nonogwaja abasaphila. Mangaki abantwana onogwaja abaletha
E-New Zealand
Zingezenyama. Isisindo esijwayelekile salezi zilwane sifinyelela ku-5 kg. Amhlophe qwa. Umzimba ohlangene onemisipha ekhule kahle. Ikhanda elincane elinezindlebe eziqondile. Umgogodla othuthukisiwe. Isidumbu siminyene ngaphandle kwamafutha amaningi.
Onogwaja balolu hlobo bavundile futhi bakhiqiza ubisi. Kuyizindlela zokondla izingane ezingafika ku-12. Onogwaja bakhula ngokushesha futhi bangaba nesisindo esingafika ku-3 kg ezinyangeni ezintathu. Njengoba kunoboya obukhulu obukhulu ematheni ezinyawo, kungenzeka ukubugcina enetheni. Ukuzola nokulinganisela.
URam
Zingezenyama. Uhlobo lwathola igama lalo ezindlebeni zalo ezinde, ezinamalebe. Uhlobo olukhulu. Ubude bomzimba bufike kuma-cm 70. Isisindo 7-8 kg. Isikhumba seVelvet ngemibala ehlukene. Yehlisiwe, umzimba oqinile. Ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwenyama. Onogwaja baphuza ukuvuthwa. Letha onogwaja abayi-9. Zolile. Kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezindlebe njalo.
Inyama ifaka futhi:
- - isigebenga esimhlophe;
- - impunga enkulu;
- - waseCalifornia.
Mhlophe
Ummeleli odumile wohlobo lwe-downy. Imibala eyahlukahlukene: emhlophe, emnyama nokumnyama. Isisindo esimaphakathi ngu-4 kg. Ubude bomzimba buyi-55 cm. Kulethwa onogwaja abayi-7. I-fluff ikhishwa kusuka ku-700 gr kuye ku-1000 gr.
I-Angora
Isisindo somzimba 3 kg. Unogwaja uletha onogwaja abangafika kwabayisithupha. Zikhula kancane. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi ekhaya. Dinga ukunakekelwa okuphezulu kwesikhumba. Ujabule, udlala umdlalo.
Mnyama nsundu
Zingezenyama nenyama yesikhumba. Banesikhumba esihle nenyama emnandi, ethambile. Onogwaja abaqinile. Ubuningi buletha onogwaja abangafika kwabayisishiyagalombili, abakhula ngenkuthalo.
Gwema ubulili obuhlobene eduze. Inzalo ezimweni ezinjalo iyancipha, izalwa inokukhubazeka futhi ibuthakathaka.
Uvemvane
Unombala othakazelisayo. Emlandweni omhlophe, ama-specks afana nezimpiko zezimvemvane. Amachashaza e-shades ahlukahlukene: okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, omnyama nampunga. Onogwaja abavundile kakhulu. Ilungele ukugcina esimweni sezulu saseRussia. Isikhumba esihle nenyama emnandi.
ISoviet
Okokuqala, banesikhumba esihle esimpunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukhula ngokushesha. Letha onogwaja abayi-8. Isisindo sabantu abadala sisuka ku-5-8 kg.
Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokuboshwa
Kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina ukulima konogwaja:
- Kuphikisiwe.
- Iselula.
- Shedovy.
- Ngokusho kohlelo lukaMikhailov.
Futhi manje mayelana nendlela ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.
Indlela yomgodi yokugcina iyindala kakhulu. Le ndlela isondele kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo, ezinobuhle nobubi bayo. Izinzuzo zale ndlela yilezi:
- ukuhlelwa komgodi ovela ezintweni ezitholakalayo;
- lapho uqala imindeni eminingana kuwo, sithola inzalo enkulu, enempilo;
- ukukhula kokuqala kuyanda;
- ukuhlanzwa komgodi okungavamile;
- ukuthola izilwane ezinempilo ngenxa yendlela yazo yokuphila esebenzayo;
- azikho izinkinga ngempilo yezilwane;
- ukonga isikhala, emgodini 2 * 2, kungagcinwa abantu abangafika ku-200.
Kuzo zonke izinzuzo zayo, okuqukethwe emgodini kunezinkinga zako:
- ukutheleleka kusakazeka kuzo zonke izilwane;
- ukuhlanzwa komgodi kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi;
- kungcono ukungazalisi izinhlobo ezinkulu noboya obuyigugu emigodini;
- ubudlelwane obuhlobene kakhulu, izilwane ziba zincane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- ukubamba isilwane kunzima.
Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanele yokuhlelwa komgodi, le ndlela ingasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa izilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukukhwelana zisencane kuyingozi empilweni yezilwane.
Umgodi ojwayelekile:
Sikhetha indawo eyomile ngaphandle kokuvela okuseduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umgodi ongu-2 * 2 m ulungele izilwane ezingama-200. Simba okungenani u-1.5 m ukujula.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilwane zimba imigodi evundlile futhi zingamba umgodi obheke phezulu. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, qinisa izindonga ngemeshi, ngezitini noma ngesileti. Udonga olulodwa luhlala luvulekile. Kuzoba nezidleke kuwo. Ukuze uqale ama-minks kusuka phansi, yenza ukucindezeleka okungu-20 cm.
Thela ungqimba lwesihlabathi esingama-20 cm ngezansi, bese uhlomisa igridi noma ifulethi elingaphezulu elingenhla. Mboza ngotshani noma ngesaha bese uhlanza kanye ngesonto.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza uphahla phezu komgodi. Ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ungambozi ngamashidi ensimbi. Qiniseka ukuthi wenza ipayipi lokujikeleza komoya.
Hlela ukukhanyisa okwenziwe ebusika. Hlomisela abaphuza kanye nabaphakeli ukuze izilwane zibe nendawo eyanele wonke umuntu. Ekugcineni, vala indawo ngocingo.
Indlela yezinyoni yiyona ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabafuyi bonogwaja. Izindonga eziseceleni nezingemuva zenziwe ngamapulangwe. Uphahla, phansi nezicabha zimbozwe ngocingo. Ezimweni ezibandayo, amakheji enziwa aphatheke. Ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, zidluliselwa emiseleni noma kunoma yiliphi igumbi elifakiwe.
Kungenzeka ukufaka imigqa eminingana ngaphezulu komunye nomunye. Kukhona isigaba esisodwa nezingxenye ezimbili. Izigaba ezimbili zisetshenziselwa onogwaja, lapho igumbi elilodwa lizalela khona, lesibili ifolishi.
Osayizi abajwayelekile bamakheji wesigaba esisodwa:
- ubude - 110 cm;
- ububanzi - 60 cm;
- ukuphakama - 60 cm.
Izigaba ezimbili:
- ubude - 150 cm;
- ububanzi - 60 cm;
- ukuphakama - 60 cm.
Izinkukhu zokuncibilikisa zigcinwa emakhejini aze afike kumamitha amathathu ubude. Izilwane ezimbalwa esibayeni, ziyanda isisindo.
Okuqukethwe emashedeni Ingabe okuqukethwe kwamaselula okuthuthukisiwe. Amakheji ahlelwe ngokulandelana futhi afakwe amadivayisi alungiselela ukunakekelwa kwezilwane. Amashedi ahlelwe ngohlangothi olulodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu ezinhlangothini zombili zendlela.
Hlomisela amathreyi wokukhipha ukuhlanza ngokushesha amakheji. Umquba uhanjiswa ngasethilini ngamatrololi noma ususwe ngomshini. Iziphuzo ezizenzakalelayo ziyahlelwa. Okuphakelayo okuhamba kancane.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela emashumini amaningana kuya kwezinkulungwane eziningana izilwane zigcinwa. Ezimweni eziningi, okuqukethwe kusetshenziswa abalimi namapulazi amakhulu. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, amashedi ahlelwe ngaphansi kwamashedi noma emakamelweni avaliwe anomoya omncane.
Ngokusho kohlelo lukaMikhailov. Uhlelo lwakhiwa ngu-Academician Mikhailov. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ukhulise onogwaja ezikhethekile mini - amapulazi. Yenzelwe ukukhulisa onogwaja ngezinga lezimboni. Kungenzeka ukugcina imfuyo enkulu kuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhonzwa ngabantu abathathu kuya kwabane.
Ngokwale ndlela, izilwane zigcinwa ngaphandle emapulazini onogwaja. Konke okudingayo kukhona epulazini elincane. Kuyashisa lapho kubanda, kupholile lapho kushisa. Izilwane zihlinzekwa ngamanzi nokudla ubusuku nemini.
Onogwaja abakuthandi ukuphazanyiswa futhi, futhi ipulazi elithuthukisiwe labanogwaja bakaMikhailov livumela ukuthi bondliwe futhi baniselwe ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Izilwane zishesha ngokushesha futhi ziphilile ngokuphelele. Babizwa nangokuthi ama-accelerator kaMikhailov. Musa ukudida - ukusheshisa akuyona uhlobo, kepha unogwaja ophakanyiswe ngendlela ekhethekile. Uhlelo olubizayo, ngoba izindleko zamaseli ziphakeme, kepha uma uzenza ngokwakho, izindleko ziyancipha. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo kukuvumela ukuthi uliphindaphinde kathathu ijubane. Okulandelayo, ake sibone ukuthi singawenza kanjani amakheji onogwaja ngezandla zethu imidwebo ngokusho kukaMikhailov.
Ungayenza kanjani ikheji ngokuvumelana nendlela kaMikhailov ngezandla zakho ngokusho komdwebo onobukhulu?
Ipulazi linezingxenye eziningana. Kubandakanya:
- - igumbi lesidleke;
- - izilwane ezincane;
- - isigqoko;
- - Ukushisa kwesidleke;
- - abondli;
- - abaphuzayo.
Iseli lakhiwe ngama-tiers amaningana:
Isigaba sokuqala yisitendi. Ihlala kokuthunyelwe okune. Izakhiwo eziphezulu zenziwe ngemishayo eqinile. Izisekelo zezingqimba ezingenhla zenziwe ngemishayo.
Uhlaka lokuma luguqulwa ukuxhasa isakhiwo. Inamagumbi ezinto zikagesi nokugcinwa kwamathuluzi. Inesitebhisi nomgqomo wendle. Kungcono ukuyiqoqa ezintweni ezingagqoki. Ngezansi kunemidwebo yezindlwana zonogwaja ezinobukhulu ngokwendlela kaMikhailov.
I-tier ephakathi itholakala esitendini. Yenzelwe ukuhamba ngezilwane kanye nesigceme sokubeletha. Ngosizo lwama-racks, i-tier ixhomeke ekusekelweni. Ubukhulu bamaraki bungamasentimitha ama-2 * 10. Ngasempumalanga, umgodi umbozwe ngenetha. Igridi iqukethe iwindi lama-250 * 250 mm. Kuleli phuzu kunesicupho sokulawula nokujikisa, kanye nendawo yokukhosela.
Ipulazi lihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Isondli nesiphuzi se-hopper kusendaweni yokuhamba. Isigaxa esingu-20 * 30 cm senziwa ngezansi. Kuholela ezimayini ezimisiwe. Kutshekiswe u-100 mm kwesokudla. Ngalokhu kuhlanganiswe negumbi elingezansi esitezi sokuqala. Umpheme utshekile ku-45 °. Ukuvikelwa kumagundane kwenziwa ngemichilo yensimbi.
Ngezansi kunama-slats angu-2 * 45 cm. Ubhuqu luwela ezikhaleni futhi ikheji lihlale lihlanzekile.
Idizayini ifaka ipayipi lokungenisa umoya. Lokhu kuvimbela amagesi ekuqoqelekeni ngaphakathi.
Egumbini lokuzalela, kwenziwa umnyango ogoqeka emuva. Uma ivulekile, yakha itafula lokusebenza nezingane. Leli gumbi linendawo eqinile. Iphansi kancane ezingeni. Izindonga zangaphandle ziyafakwa. Umgodi uvaliwe ngombono ovela ohlangothini lwaseningizimu.
Njengoba uphuzo lukamama lwenziwa lususwe, kunezikhala ezinhlangothini. Ukuvikela izilwane ukuthi zingangeni kulo mgodi, zimbozwe ngamabhodi. Kungcono ukwenza i-damper yensimbi evimba isidleke. Umnyango wenziwe ngokhuni.
Esigabeni esiphezulu kunogwaja abakhulayo. Isigaba esehlukile senzelwa owesilisa. Umele ifreyimu.
Ithangi lamanzi litholakala phakathi kwamakamelo asodongeni olungaphambili. Umswakama ungena kuwo ngokuzenzakalela kusuka kwezinye iziqukathi, ezitholakala ngaphandle kodonga lwendawo yokuhamba.Ukugcina amanzi efudumele lapho kubanda, ukushisa kunikezwa nge-boiler.
Umkhombe we-hopper useduze kwesiphuzo. Kusetshenziswe i-utilizer kuyo. Lapho onogwaja bekhipha utshani, kuthululwa imvuthuluka kuwo. Imvuthu ingasetshenziswa futhi. Phezulu komkhombe kuyagoqwa. Lapho udinga ukufaka ingxenye elandelayo yokuphakelayo, kuyavuleka.
Okwezitshalo ze-hay nezimpande, ama-feeder atholakala phakathi kwamaphansi. Isivalo esisindayo sicindezela okuphakelayo phansi.
Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha uma wakhe eyodwa ngezandla zakho, konke okunye kuzoba lula ukukwenza. Ngemuva kokuzama emsebenzini, thumela ezinye izilwane emakhejini anjalo. Ngempela, emakhejini anjalo kulula ukusebenza nezilwane, futhi zona zizizwa zijabule.
Ake sikhulume kabanzi ngokuhlela ipulazi lonogwaja.
Ukuhlelwa kwepulazi
Ayikho imvume ekhethekile edingekayo yokwakhiwa kwayo. Into esemqoka ukutholakala kwesiza kanye nohlelo lwebhizinisi olwenziwe ngomumo ngezibalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi leli sayithi libekwe kude nezakhiwo zokuhlala, buza iziphathimandla zendawo ngalokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusebenza emapulazini, hhayi indlu yamakhanda ayi-10-20.
Khetha indawo yokulima epulazini noma emthambekeni. Ngemuva kokuhlanza yonke indawo, idinga ukwenziwa i-asphalph noma ihlanganiswe. Futhi yenza uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi.
Ngendlela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi onogwaja bangagula. Futhi udinga ukwazi izimbangela zokuqunjelwa konogwaja, izimpawu ze-myxomatosis kanye ne-coccidiosis.
Ukuze uthole izidumbu zenyama ezibalelwa ku-1000 ngonyaka, indawo yepulazi izoba ngamamitha-skwele ayi-1000 womhlaba. Ongakubeka esizeni:
- Chitha - izingcezu ezi-3 (360 sq.m.).
- Isitolo esingemuva kufanele sitholakale ngemoto (200 sq.m.).
- Ukuchitha lapho kugcinwa khona amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha (50 sq.m.).
- Igumbi lokuhlabela kanye neziqandisi (50 sq.m.).
- Ithangi lomquba (30 sq.m.).
- Amapaseji ogandaganda abancane.
Iyachitheka
Ukusebenzisa ama-sheds konga isikhathi kulondolozo nakwizinto zokwakha. Sifaka izingqimba ezimbili zamaseli. Yenza amawindi angama-20 * 100 cm ezindongeni ezingemuva.
- ubude obungama-20 m;
- ukuphakama 2 m 40 cm;
- ububanzi bendima 1 m 40 cm.
Amaseli
Amaseli ngokwamasayizi anikezwe ngezansi, bese ahlukaniswa abesilisa, abesifazane nezilwane ezincane.
- ubude 1m 30 cm;
- ububanzi 70 cm;
- ukuphakama kwangaphambili kodonga 55 cm;
- ukuphakama kodonga lwangemuva ngama-40 cm.
Umthambeka wophahla wenziwa ukuze kususwe umquba kalula. Yenza amaphalethi anjalo kuwo wonke amabanga.
Lapho wenza amakheji, sebenzisa i-mesh yensimbi ngosayizi we-18 * 18, 20 * 20, 16 * 48 mm.
Ama-nursery we-Mesh afakiwe phakathi kwamakheji. Iziphuzo kanye ne-feeder zifakiwe ngaphansi komkhombe. Kwabesifazane, amakheji ahlukaniswe abe amagumbi esidleke nawokuphakelayo.
Leli shedi lingena kumaseli angama-60. Phakathi nonyaka, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule amakhanda amancane angama-400 noma ngaphezulu.
Isitolo sefolishi
Epulazini, udinga isitolo sokuphakelayo. Leli gumbi ligcina okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe, okusanhlamvu kanye ne-crusher yezinhlamvu. Ungafaka futhi i-granulator bese ulungisa okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe ngezandla zakho.
Ngokwehlukana beka ishede lokugcina amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha.
Indawo yokuhlatshwa neziqandisi
Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukubulala ngobuningi emakamelweni akhethekile. Ngakho-ke, faka indawo yokubulala epulazini. Kungcono uma ukunamathisela egumbini elinamaqandisi. Indawo yokuhlatshwa kufanele ifakwe okokuhambisa igazi kanye ne-oveni. Ihhavini kuzodingeka ukuthi ishise imfucuza (izinyawo, amakhanda, izibilini nezikhumba zemfucuza). Ngakho-ke, kunenqubo eqhubekayo: ukuhlaba, ukusika, ukupakisha nokubanda. Funda ukuthi ungahlaba kanjani unogwaja endabeni ehlukile.
Umqoqi womquba
Akufanele ukhohlwe ngomquba futhi. Misa umgodi womquba epulazini lakho. Kufanele itholakale ekhoneni elikude kakhulu. Kude kude nonogwaja nokuhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka. Izindonga zomgodi kufanele zihlanganiswe. Ukujula komgodi akukho ngaphansi kwamamitha ama-3.
I-Flandra ne-chinchilla yaseSoviet zeqiwa. Ngokunakekelwa okwanele kowesifazane, unogwaja onenyanga eyodwa ubudala wayenesisindo esingu-1-1.2 kg sesisindo esibukhoma.
Manje ake sibheke inqubo ephelele yebhizinisi lokuzalisa onogwaja.
Njengoba sizala onogwaja benyama, siphinde sikhethe uhlobo lwenkomba yenyama. Akukubi kangako, futhi ngaphumelela ukukhiqiza nokukhokha izinhlobo ezinjalo: i-giant emhlophe, i-grey giant, isiliva noma i-brown-brown, i-flanders, i-chinchilla yaseSoviet, iCalifornia, butterfly, inqama futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngezinyanga eziyi-3-4 isisindo sesidumbu sisuka ku-2-3 kg. Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ezizalisayo. I-chinchilla yaseSoviet ingomama abahle. Umlingiswa uzolile futhi uyakwazi ukwamukela abantu ongabazi.
Ama-chinchillas amabili esifazane aseSoviet ake ondla ama-creepers angama-40, ngasendleleni, ayeneminyaka ehlukene. Kwakusebusika.
Thenga izilwane zasemapulazini emapulazini ahloniphekile. Uma kungenzeka, vakashela umbukiso wezolimo, lapho ungakhetha khona umphakeli.
Lapho kuthengwa, izilwane ezincane kumele zigonyelwe izifo ezithathelwanayo. Njengoba onogwaja beyizilwane ezinengcindezi, ukuze izinto zabo zokuhamba zihambe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, badinga ukunikezwa imishanguzo yokudambisa noma ukuconsa i-vitamin B6 lapho bephuza, esebenza njengesidambisi.
Izilwane ezisanda kufika zifanele ukutshalwa ngokuhlukile kwezinye. Kumele bahlukaniswe isikhathi esingangenyanga. Uma konke kuhamba kahle ngezilwane, ungaxhumana nokunye.
Ungakuhlela kanjani ukudla epulazini?
Uma othile ecabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukondla onogwaja ngotshani notshani kuphela, benza iphutha elikhulu. Ukuze baphumelele ebhizinisini, badinga okuphakelayo okuphelele futhi ngaphandle kokuphakelwa ukudla kokudla okusanhlamvu akukho okuzosebenza.
Ukudla konogwaja, umthamo wansuku zonke ngamagremu:
Imfuyo eyinhloko:
- Utshani bemifula - 1500;
- Imidumba - 1200;
- Amagatsha - 600;
- Iziqongqo zebhitle 200;
- Amaqabunga eklabishi (kufanele anikezwe ngokuqapha) 600;
- Izaqathe 600;
- Ifolishi lezinyosi ezingama-200;
- Isithombo sebhitrudi 600;
- Itheniphu 400;
- Amazambane abilayo 400;
- Amazambane aluhlaza 150;
- ISilo 300;
- IHay 300;
- Okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu 150;
- Izinhlamvu ze-legume 50;
- Izinhlamvu ezi-oilseed 20;
- Igatsha 100;
- Amakhekhe kawoyela 100;
- Isidlo senyama namathambo 15;
- Usawoti 2.5;
- Umgogodla 2.
Zama ukunamathela kulezi zinkambiso. Ungazincishi izilwane ngokweqile.
Ukwenza kube lula ukuzulazula ukuthi udinga imali engakanani ngonyaka, bheka izinombolo ezilandelayo, kg.
Kwabesifazane nabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuphumula:
- igxila ku-3.50;
- hay 1.20;
- izimpande imifino 3.25;
- okuphakelayo okuluhlaza 4.50.
Abesifazane nabesilisa esikhathini sokuzala:
- igxila ku-4.20;
- hay 1.50;
- izimpande imifino 3.8;
- okuphakelayo okuluhlaza 5.6.
Ukunqotshwa kwabesifazane:
- igxila ku-17;
- hay 6;
- izimpande imifino 16;
- ukudla okuluhlaza 23.
Ukuncelisa insikazi:
- ugxila 62;
- hay 21;
- izimpande imifino 57;
- ukudla okuluhlaza 83.
Ukukhula okuncane 45-120:
- igxila ku-10;
- hay 3.20;
- izimpande imifino 12.
Ekuseni, izilwane zinikezwa ukudla okunamanzi nokuluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa nakusihlwa - kugxila. Ukuphuza, amanzi amasha kufanele agcinwe njalo.
Ukuzalela onogwaja
Ukuzaliswa kukanogwaja kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuzalanisa onogwaja. Yilandele ngokwesikimu. Emashedeni, isigaba esiphezulu sihlala abantu besifazane nowesilisa oyedwa. Izilwane ezincane zihleli kumaseli asele.
Unogwaja ngamunye unikeza oku-3 cishe: entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Lokhu kwenza cishe izingane ezingama-25. Onogwaja abangaphansi kowesifazane bahlala kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. Sekukonke, kufakwa amakhanda angama-300 okhulupheleyo. Khumbula ukuthi ukungcola akunakugwenywa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Zibekwa ngokukhululekile kuwo wonke amaseli.
Amasheya ama-3 wamaseli angama-60 esewonke, ama-3 * 300 = amakhanda angama-900 ngonyaka.
Akuwenzi mqondo ukugcina ukuzalanisa imfuyo ngokuzala okumsulwa. Umphumela ungukuqukethwe okubizayo. Kulula ukuthenga amakhanda amaningi esitoko esincane sokulungiswa kwemfuyo.
Ilondoloza okuphakelayo
Ukondla onogwaja ngokudla okuthengiswayo kubiza, njengoba wazi. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala okusanhlamvu. Awungehlisi izinga lokudla. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukhiqize okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe ngokwakho.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzodingeka i-crusher yokusanhlamvu ne-granulator. Onogwaja badla ama-pellets ngokuzithandela.
Izindlela zokupheka eziningana zama-granules. Inketho yawo wonke umuntu:
- oats, ukolweni 30;
- ibhali, ummbila 45;
- kakolweni bran 12;
- ikhekhe le-12;
- ushoki 0.5;
- usawoti 0.5.
Inketho yezilwane ezisencane:
- oats, ukolweni 40;
- ibhali, ummbila 45;
- ikhekhe 8;
- inyama nenyama yethambo 6;
- isidlo senhlanzi 6;
- ushoki 0.5;
- usawoti 0.5.
Inketho yawo wonke umuntu:
- oats, ukolweni 31;
- ibhali, ummbila 32;
- kakolweni bran 15;
- ikhekhe 15;
- inyama nenyama yethambo 3;
- isidlo senhlanzi 3;
- imvubelo ye-hydrolytic 2;
- ukudla kwethambo 1;
- usawoti 1.
Ukwenza i-hay nakho kuletha ukonga okukhulu. Kepha isilage nezitshalo zezimpande ezikhulayo akunangqondo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuzithenga.
Zama ukwenza umsebenzi wezandla ngomshini. Ukuthenga ugandaganda omncane kuzosiza kakhulu umsebenzi wezandla. Kuwo ungaletha okuphakelayo kwabaseSweden, futhi uthathe umquba. Setha ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuzenzakalelayo.
Izimo zonogwaja nokugoma
Ukugwema izifo ezahlukahlukene, onogwaja badinga ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle zezindlu.
Amakheji kumele ahlanzeke futhi omile. Uma amakheji eba ngokhuni, kungakuhle ukuthi ugcobe ngomcako njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngaphambi kokungena emthunzini, yenza ukucindezeleka okuyisikwele bese uthela i-lime kuwo futhi, ukuze labo abangena badlule kule lime. Ngale ndlela, izicathulo zizobulawa ngamagciwane.
Ukugwema ukuqothulwa kwemfuyo ngobuningi ezifweni ezithathelwanayo, kudingeka ukugoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi wokugoma ophelele olwa ne-VGBK ne-myxomatosis wenziwe. Ukugonywa okunjalo kunikezwa abantu abadala entwasahlobo, futhi izilwane ezincane kufanele zigonywe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Ukugcwaliseka kwenyama kanogwaja wasekhaya
Vele, wonke umuntu unesithakazelo ekuthengisweni kwenyama. Okokuqala, phatha futhi unikeze inyama yabogwaja kubangani bakho, obajwayele nezihlobo zakho. Uma beyithanda, qiniseka ukuthi enye yenyama kanogwaja izosuka ngomdumo. I-barbecue emnandi evela enyameni kanogwaja nonogwaja obhakiwe onama-champignon. Ngakho-ke, isisekelo samakhasimende ethu senziwa.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo? Kulula: zonke izinhlobo zezikhangiso. Kubalulekile ukuthi intengo ingabi namafu futhi yamukeleke kubantu.
Ukuthengiswa kwenyama egcekeni akudingi zimvume. Kepha uma unikezela kubathengisi, lapho-ke udinga isitifiketi sezilwane.
Ungazama ukuphakamisa izindawo zokudlela. Kepha njengoba bengapheki inyama kanogwaja ezindaweni zokudlela zaseRussia, cishe bazokwenqaba. Ngemuva kwalokho ungakwenza lokho, umeme umpheki ukuthi azopheka isidlo sikanogwaja bese umnika ezimbalwa zazo. Uma kusebenza, uzoba nesiteshi sokusabalalisa esakhiwe kahle. Kepha, kuzodingeka izimvume eziningana.
Ungavula isitolo sakho sokuthengisa noma unikeze izimpahla zakho ezitolo, ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezitolo ezinkulu. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi amakhanda ayi-1000 ngonyaka noma i-2000 kg yenyama umqulu omncane. Ukubhalisa minyaka yonke kuzodla iningi lenzuzo.
Ukuxazulula le nkinga, xhumana ngqo nezindawo zokuthengisa bese uzixazulula ngawodwana. Abahlinzeki abakhulu bamaphoyinti anjalo baletha imikhiqizo yabo ngamanani aphansi kakhulu... Kepha banemiqulu emikhulu. Futhi ungagcina uphukile.
Okuphakelayo okusha kufanele kwethulwe ezingxenyeni ezincane futhi kancane kancane. Lapho uthola onogwaja, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza ukuthi bondliwe ini. Izinguquko ezingazelelwe kokuphakelayo zinomthelela omubi empilweni yezilwane.
Ukuzuza ngebhizinisi ngohlelo lwebhizinisi
Inani lotshalo-mali lokuqala lizohluka kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngoba izindleko zezinto zokwakha zehlukile kuzo zonke izifunda. Futhi-ke, mhlawumbe usuvele unayo, uthi, ugandaganda, noma uhlobo oluthile lwemishini. Futhi othile uzoqala kusuka kuziro.
Uhlu lwezinto ezidingekayo zokuzalisa onogwaja:
- Izinto zokwakha:
- Iphrofayili lashukumisa;
- Mesh lashukumisa;
- izinto zokufulela;
- izingodo.
- Isiqephu somhlaba:
- kungcono uyiqashe, ishibhile.
- Ukufeza:
- indle yesiphepho;
- amanzi amanzi;
- i-asphalt noma ukhonkolo;
- Izindleko zokwakha:
- iqembu lokwakha;
- Imishini edingekayo:
- ugandaganda omncane;
- crusher okusanhlamvu;
- i-granulator;
- amafriji.
- Onogwaja:
- hhayi ngaphansi kwamakhanda angama-50.
- Yokusungula:
- abondli;
- abaphuzayo.
Izindleko zonyaka zokukhulisa unogwaja epulazini elincane
Inani lokuphakelayo okudliwayo ngonyaka yiyunithi eyodwa yokukhiqiza liphindaphindwa ngezindleko zokuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe. Faka kule mali inani lezinye izindleko: amaphepha, uphethiloli, njll. Sithola izindleko zonyaka ngeyunithi ngayinye yokukhiqiza.
Leli pulazi, elinamasheya ama-3, linamayunithi wokukhiqiza angama-42. Okungukuthi, kunabesifazane abangu-14 eshedeni ngalinye. Manje phindaphinda ama-42 ngesamba sezindleko zonyaka (ake sithi ama-ruble angama-2000). Izindleko zonyaka zizofinyelela kuma-ruble angama-84,000. Kepha njengoba wazi, azikho izinto ezifana nezindleko ezingeziwe, ngakho-ke ake sifake okuncane kule mali. Sithola ama-ruble ayi-100,000.
Ukubalwa kwemali engenayo
Iyunithi yokukhiqiza ingama-50 kg wenyama (onogwaja asebekhulile abangama-25 * 2 kg). Kubantu abaningi, akuyona ukunambitheka komkhiqizo okubalulekile, kodwa izindleko zayo, ngakho-ke sikubeka cishe kuma-ruble angama-200. Manje ama-ruble angama-200 * 50 = 10,000. Itholakala kwiyunithi eyodwa yokukhiqiza.
Manje i-10 000 idinga ukukhishwa kusuka ku-2000 bese sithola inzuzo ephelele. Lokho kungama-ruble ayi-8,000. Lesi samba kufanele siphindaphindwe ngo-42 bese uthola ama-ruble angama-336,000 wenzuzo ephelele ngonyaka. Sihlukanisa ngezinyanga eziyi-12 futhi lokho sikuthola njalo ngenyanga ama-ruble angama-30,000. Zigwebele - iholo elihle.
Ungathola umholo onjalo ngokunikela ngamahora we-4-5 kuphela wesikhathi epulazini elincane. Vumelana ukuthi kunenzuzo yokugcina onogwaja futhi ukudala ipulazi kusuka ekuqaleni akunzima kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ufuna okuningi, udinga nje ukwandisa imfuyo. Lapho uhlelo lusakazwa, ungacabanga ngomkhiqizo wezimboni.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ibhizinisi lokuzalisa onogwaja liyibhizinisi elinenzuzo impela. Ukufuya onogwaja kuyashesha futhi zonke izindleko zikhokhwa ngonyaka.