Ngokwesiko, kukholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwamagilebhisi kungenzeka kuphela ngezithombo noma ngokubeka. Kukhona enye, noma ngabe yinde, kepha iyathandeka indlela. Ungawatshala kanjani amagilebhisi kusuka enzalweni ekhaya ukuze ube nesitshalo sokuhlobisa futhi uthole isivuno esihle ngenxa yalokho.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala amagilebhisi ngembewu ekhaya
Yize izifundo eziningi ziqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokusakazwa kwembewu yamagilebhisi ayihlali ivunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isithombo kuyaqabukela sigcine izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo sabazali. Kepha le ndlela kwesinye isikhathi iyasetshenziswa
Inhloso yamagilebhisi akhulayo kusuka enzalweni
- Umsebenzi wokuzala (ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe, ukwakheka kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinambitheka omuhle kakhulu, isithwathwa nokulwa nezifo).
- Ukutshalwa kwezithombo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa kwesithombo.
- Isitoko esikhulayo.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezilungele indlela yokusabalalisa imbewu, izinhlobo zokuqala zama-hybrid zivame ukusetshenziswa:
- Isivumelwano saseRussia,
- IMarshmallow,
- Jabulisa,
- I-Kesha-1,
- Ukunqoba,
- ULaura.
Futhi izimfanelo ezikhiqizayo zezinhlobonhlobo ezizithelayo: Ukuntwela kokusa, i-Alfa, nsomi yaseRussia ziphansi kunezihlahla zomama.Ukukhetha kuya ngenhloso yokusebenzisa amajikijolo: omuncu - ekwenzeni iwayini, amnandi adliwa ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa.
Izici ezithile azihlali zigcinwa. Ngakho-ke, ungahlwanyela imbewu enhlobonhlobo efanayo ngasikhathi sinye. Esikhathini esizayo, qhathanisa ukunambitheka, isivuno, izinambuzane kanye nesithwathwa ukumelana.
Amagilebhisi akhule kusuka enzalweni aphansi kakhulu ekunambithekeni kwesivuno nezithelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nesitshalo esisatshalaliswa ukusika noma ukusika.
Ilungiselela imbewu yokutshala
Ngezithombo eziphumelelayo, kukhethwa amajikijolo amakhulu, avuthiwe, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka nezifo. Shiya uze uvuthwe ngokuphelele.
Izigaba zokulungiswa kwamathambo
- Susa uginindela, geza imbewu ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo noma cwilisa amahora amabili.
- Kukhethwa amathambo amakhulu, beige noma ansundu.
- Ukwandisa ukuhluma, kwenziwa inqubo yokuhlunga, akuqali ngaphambi kukaDisemba izinyanga ezimbalwa. Bese kuthi ekuqaleni kwehlobo, isithombo sitshalwe kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuqina
Imbewu ekhethiwe ibekwa kwindwangu emanzi nasesikhwameni sepulasitiki bese igcinwa esiqandisini amasonto ayi-6-8. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu + 3⁰C - 0⁰C.Kudingeka ukuhlola imbewu njalo, kanye ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Ukuze ukhiphe ukubonakala kwesikhunta, kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze amathambo ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, igobolondo lizoqala ukuqhekeka. Lokhu kuphawula ukuphela kwe-stratification.
Esigabeni sokugcina, imbewu ibekwa kwindwangu emanzi, ngaphandle kokumbozwa, endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, izimpande ezincanyana zizoqala ukuvela. Isikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini.
Abanye abalimi abayisebenzisi ngaso sonke isikhathi inqubo yokuhlunga. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika, emhlabathini ovulekile, kanti iphesenti lokuhluma liphansi.
Akufanele usebenzise imbewu evela kumajikijolo angavuthiwe ukutshala. Zinesilinganiso esiphansi sokuhluma, noma amahlumela abuthakathaka anomkhiqizo ophansi akhula.
Ukuhlwanyela ekhaya ngebhodwe
Izigaba zokuhlwanyela
- Lungisa inhlabathi. Ngalezi zinhloso, sebenzisa isitolo noma uhlanganise ngokuzimela ngokulingana okulingana nesihlabathi, i-humus nenhlabathi yensimu
- Kungcono ukusebenzisa isitsha esihlukile esitsheni ngasinye. Phambilini, kwenziwa umgodi wokuhambisa amanzi etsheni ngalinye futhi kuthululelwa amatshe amaningi phansi. Gcwalisa ngengxube yomhlaba.
- Imbewu idinga ukutshalwa kuya ekujuleni okungu-1-1.5 cm ungene ebhodweni naseshede.
- Amafasitela akhanyiswe kahle, mhlawumbe abheke eningizimu, yizindawo ezinhle zokukhula okuqhubekayo. Kuhlala kuphela ukuhluma ukutshala.
- Ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama wenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhluma, izinkomishi zimbozwe ngocwecwe.
Ukuze kukhule ngempumelelo imbewu, kuyadingeka ukugcina umbuso wokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lasemini elilungile akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka- + 20⁰C, kanti isikhathi sasebusuku - sibe ngaphansi kuka- + 15⁰C. Bese kuthi, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-11, kuvele ihlumela.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwesitshalo esinamandla ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuchelela ngokulingene kanye nokuba khona kwelanga okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kukhulula nokuzondla. Umanyolo we-nitrogen noma i-phosphorus ufakwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Esigabeni sokuqala, kungcono ukuchelela amahlumela amancane ebhodleleni le-spray ukuze ungaphazamisi uhlelo lwempande... Isithombo sihlolwa nsuku zonke ngokungabikho kwezibungu zesicabucabu. Izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa lesi sitshalo.
Uma ezinhlelweni amagilebhisi azosetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa igumbi, lapho ukuphakama kuka-10 cm isithombo sitshalwe kabusha esitsheni esinevolumu engu-3-4 litha.
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni.
Ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha, izithombo ziqiniswa izinsuku ezingama-5-7. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emini babekwa emgwaqweni, endaweni ethule kusuka kokungakapheli, emthunzini oyingxenye. Le misebenzi inegalelo ekusungulweni okusheshayo nasekuqedweni kwemiphumela emibi yokushiswa yilanga.
Ukunakekelwa kokufakelwa kwangaphandle nokunakekelwa komvini
Lapho izithombo zifinyelela kubude obungu-20-30 cm, zitshalwa ziye ensimini.
- Indawo yokwehlela ikhethwa libalele, lingenamoya, okungcono lifihlwe emimoyeni yasenyakatho.
- Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula, iphefumuleke, ikhishwe kahle. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinomswakama amagilebhisi aba yiqhwa.
- Inhlanganisela ye-humus, isihlabathi nenhlabathi ithululelwa emigodini ebunjiwe ebangeni elingu-1.5-2 wamamitha komunye nomunye.
- Izithombo zamagilebhisi zitshalwa enhlabathini enomswakama ngosuku olufudumele, libalele.
- Ukudubula ngakunye kulungiselelwe ukusekelwa okuqondile (kaningi lokhu kungukuphakama kwamamitha amabili ukuphakama ngocingo oluliwe).
Ehlobo lokuqala, ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukuchelela njalo, ukukhulula nokususa ukhula. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amagilebhisi azomsuka kahle futhi afinyelele ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1-2 ngonyaka wokuqala.
Ukuthena okwakhayo komvini kunconyelwa unyaka wesithathu wokukhula. Ngokukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, isivuno kulindeleke eminyakeni engu-3-4, ezimweni ezingavamile ngemuva kwe-2.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi kusuka embewini ekhaya kuyinqubo edla isikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yesikhathi eside sokukhula ngaphambi kokuvuna kokuqala. Futhi akulethi njalo umphumela olindelekile. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, nezimfanelo ezahlukahlukene kungeke kugcinwe, isithombo sisetshenziswa njengesitoko.