Abalimi abaningi bakhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezinamanzi namnandi zamakhabe e-Ogonyok. Kufanelekile ukukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu naphakathi nezwe. Ukuze uthole isivuno esinothile, udinga ukulandela imithetho eminingana ebalulekile. Ziphi zona? Ake sikhulume kulesi sihloko. Ake siqale ngencazelo yamakhabe.
Incazelo nezimpawu zokukhanya kwamakhabe
Unyaka ovela emndenini wamathanga. I-Spark yizinhlobonhlobo ezikhula kuqala ezibekezelela kahle isimo sezulu kahle.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-75-87. Ukumelana nezifo eziningi. Ifana nebhola eliyindilinga elime, lifinyelela kusisindo esingu-2.5 kg. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo esisodwa ngu-1.5-2 kg. Isithelo sinenyama ebomvu klebhu enezimbewu ezimbalwa.
Isikhumba sejikijolo sincane kunombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ububi be-rind encane ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ikhabe lingaqhekeka futhi likhubazeke kalula. Mhlawumbe lokhu akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yebhizinisi, kepha izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukukhula ngamanani amancane ekotishi lasehlobo. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi, okumnandi, okusanhlamvu, kuzoba yinto enhle yetafula lasehlobo-ekwindla.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda esikhulayo
Ngekhulu le-13-14 leminyaka, ikhabe lafika kithi livela emazweni ase-Afrika. ERussia, i-Ogonyok isathandwa kakhulu ehlobo. Ngokusho kwabafuyi bezinkukhu, izinhlobo ezifuywayo zingengxubevange yenhlanganisela yase-Asia kanye nenhlobo yeShukela. Ekhuliswe eSoviet Institute of Vegetable Growing, eduze naseKharkov.
UBerry uthathe izimpande ngempumelelo eRussia. Ikhuliswa ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ezifundeni eziphakathi ngisho nase-Urals. Kuyiqiniso, enyakatho, i-Ogonyok ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ukuze ukhule isivuno, udinga ukulungiselela kahle indawo yokutshala. Kuhle ukutshala ikhabe emhlabathini lapho okusanhlamvu kanye nemidumba kwakukhula khona phambilini. Ukutshala kufanele kuqale ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Ogonyok zinezinzuzo eziningi: kusuka ekunambithekeni kuya ekuzivumelaniseni nanoma iziphi izimo zezulu. Kepha kunenkinga eyodwa kuphela - amakhabe awakhonjelwa ekugcineni kwesikhathi eside. futhi zidinga ukudliwa kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa emva kokuvunwa.
Imithetho yokufika
Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Kepha kungakuhle ukutshala ikhabe ngendlela yesithombo. Imbewu yezithombo idinga ukulungiswa ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli:
- ungathenga imbewu kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile noma ubuze umuntu okwazile ukukhulisa isivuno esihle sekhabe Ogonyok;
- lapho ulungisa imbewu, qiniseka ukuthi ayinalutho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwehlisa imbewu engilazini yamanzi. Uma enye imbewu isinyukele phezulu, kusho ukuthi ayinalutho futhi ingalahlwa ngokuphepha;
- ukuhluma okungcono, kunconywa ukwehlisa imbewu ngamanzi abilayo;
- ukuhluma, kunconywa ukusonga imbewu ngendwangu emanzi. Lapho amahlumela edabula, atshale ezimbizeni;
- ngezimbewu ezimbili, ibhodwe elilodwa lobubanzi obuncane. Umhlabathi omuhle wezithombo: i-humus, i-peat, i-sawdust, umhlaba we-sod;
- ngaphambi kokuhluma, ibhodwe kufanele limbozwe ngefilimu yokudla. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, uwabeke eduze kwewindi endaweni enelanga.
Izithombo zitshalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Imithetho yokufika:
- Izidlwana kufanele zibekwe ebangeni elingu-0.7 m. Phakathi kwemigqa engu-0.9-1 m. Ububanzi. Tshala kuphethini lokuhlola.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zithanda inhlabathi elula evumela ukuthi amanzi adlule kahle futhi afudumale ngokushesha. Emgwaqweni u-t + 15 + 18C kufanele unakekelwe.
- Izithombo zibekwa enhlabathini ziye ekujuleni okungama-10 cm ukuze kusale amaqabunga amabili kuphela ngaphezulu.
- Ukuvikela inhlabathi, ingadi imbozwe ngocwecwe kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa amahlumela okuqala.
Enyakatho, amajikijolo atshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Kuhlwanyelwe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ku-greenhouse, udinga ukufudumeza inhlabathi, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezingqimba eziningana ze-hay, humus, ne-nitrogen fertilizer.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukondla okufanele kungakhuphula kakhulu isivuno.... Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, ungangena engxenyeni yokuqala kamanyolo: gxuma isixazululo somquba wezinkomo u-0.5 l ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele. Ilitha elilodwa likamanyolo lithelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukugqoka kwesibili kusetshenziswa ngemuva kwamaviki amabili: hlanganisa i-superphosphate 40g, i-potassium chloride 30g, i-ammonium nitrate 10g, hlaziya konke kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi afudumele. Lapho kuvela izimbali nama-ovari ezihlahleni, udinga ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka bese ushiya izimbali ezi-3-4 eziqinile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesitshalo njalo emavikini amabili kungenziwa ngokufakwa kwe-nettle esanda kusikwa. Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa amaqabunga ngamanzi bese ukuvumela ukuthi kupheke izinsuku ezimbalwa. Nisela izimbobo eduze kwezihlahla.
Ukunisela ikhabe iSpark kufanele ilinganiselwe. Esikhathini esishisayo, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5, esikhathini esilinganisiwe - kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Esikhathini esisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi ezimweni zokushisa, hhayi amanzi nhlobo.
Izici zalokhu okuhlukahlukene
Imininingwane Ethakazelisayo:
- Ijikijolo lizokhula kangcono ngemuva kokudla okuvela emidumba, okusanhlamvu, iklabishi.
- Uma kune-nitrogen eningi kakhulu emhlabathini, isithelo sizokhula sibe sincane.
- Izithelo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokukhula kufanele zishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kungakuhle ukufaka ucwecwe ngaphansi kwekhabe ukuze uhlangothi olulodwa lungaboli.
- Uma kukhona isiduli eduze kwekhabe esivandeni, nakanjani kufanele usisuse. Ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sizokonakala.
- Ungagcina i-Ogonyok egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba inyanga.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo eziyinhloko zombungu:
- Isikhunta se-Powdery. Ingatholakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe noma okuphuzi emaqabungeni. Izithelo zingadliwa futhi ziqale ukubola, zingancipha noma zingakhuli nhlobo;
- Ukubona okungajwayelekile. Amaqabunga omile, kuvela izimbobo, izithelo ziyanyamalala;
- Bola. Kuthinta izimpande, kuholele ekufeni kwesitshalo nombungu.
Amakhambi alandelayo azosiza ukuqeda izifo:
- cubungula indawo ngopende (i-potassium permanganate, amanzi noshoki ochotshoziwe);
- phatha izindawo ngesisombululo se-chloride yethusi;
- Isixazululo se-65% seFentiuram;
- I-Fundazol engu-0.1%.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu eMlilweni yilezi: ama-aphid kanye nama-wireworms. Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane, ungasebenzisa umuthi - i-Decis.
Ukujabulela izithelo zekhabe le-Ogonyok, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungazikhulisa kanjani kahle izithombo futhi unakekele isivuno ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Lapho-ke isivuno sithembisa ukunotha, nezithelo zibe mnandi noshukela.