Lesi sitshalo sikhuliswa ngempumelelo cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, izihlahla ezinhle ezisakazekayo zithela izithelo eziningi kangangokuba isihlahla esisodwa ngemuva kwendlu sanele ukwanelisa izidingo zomndeni omkhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukuhluka okulungile ukuze kufane nendawo yesimo sezuluukuze umuthi ukhule ngokushesha, ungalimazi futhi unikeze isivuno esinothile minyaka yonke. Kulesi sihloko uzojwayela incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Shokoladnitsa cherry.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry Shokoladnitsa
Enye yezinhlobo ezintsha ezithandwa kakhulu - I-Cherry Shokoladnitsa, ebizwa kanjalo ngombala ogqamile futhi ocebile wamajikijolo... Umsebenzi wabalimi uthweswe umqhele ngempumelelo, lokhu kuhlukahluka okuncane kwe-cherry kuya ngokuya kuthandwa kakhulu, isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, siphansi, okusihlukanisa kahle nezinhlobo ezifanayo, asiguli kakhulu. Ngakho-ke iShokoladnitsa ingabhekwa njengokuhlukahluka okuthembisayo kwe-cherry esifundeni Esimaphakathi saseRussia.
Abazalisi abavela ku-Orel, obesebenza e-All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops, bazibekele umsebenzi wokwakha uhlobo olusha oluzoba nezidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu zabalimi:
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa okuhle
- Ukukhula kwesihlahla esiphansi
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi lezi zinkomba ezimbili zingabhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zezithelo. Noma unesivuno esikhulu kakhulu esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukuthi usivune futhi usilondoloze, kepha ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani uma kufanele wakhe izitebhisi namadivayisi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Esifundeni Esimaphakathi saseRussia, ubusika obunzima kakhulu abunasici, kepha noma kunjalo, amakhaza entwasahlobo avame ukulimaza izihlahla zezithelo - akulahlekelwanga ingxenye kuphela yesivuno, kepha ukubonakala kwesihlahla esikhule ngothando konakele.
ngakho-ke i-hybrid Shokoladnitsa evelayo icishe ihlangabezane ngokuphelele nezidingo zabalimi - ayiyona i-thermophilic ikakhulukazi, iyagula kancane... Izinhlobo ezimbili ezithandwayo nezintandokazi zabalimi zithathwa njengesisekelo - ama-cherries uLyubskaya noBlack, i-hybrid entsha yathatha konke okuhle kakhulu emithonjeni yayo eyinhloko.
Izici zezithelo
Isihlahla sikhula kuze kufike kumamitha amabili nohhafu ukuphakamaUmqhele wayo ufana nembhoshongo oguqulwe wabhekiswa phansi. Amaqabunga mahle anombala ohlaza okotshani ocebile, akhombe, awacwebezeli. I-inflorescence ngayinye inezimbali ezintathu ezimhlophe.
Isikhathi sokuphila sihloniphekile - ngokunakekelwa kahle, ukondla nokusika amagatsha amadala, isihlahla singaphila cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Izithelo ziyindilinga, ezihlahleni ezilungiswe kahle zingafinyelela ku-20 mm ubukhulu futhi zibe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-3.5 g lilinye... I-pulp inamanzi amnandi, athambile, amnandi futhi anomuncu.
Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngokwaso, iShokoladnitsa ayizithobeki futhi inika isivuno esikhulu esivuthwa ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo zama-cherry.
Ithebula lezinto eziwusizo ezithelo
Izinto eziwusizo | Inani |
---|---|
Uvithamini P | 1064.3 mg |
Uvithamini C | 10 mg nangaphezulu |
Ama-Anthocyanins | 395.4 mg |
Uvithamini C | 16.7 mg |
AmaKhathekini | 378.1 mg |
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo zeShokoladnitsa ukuqina kwayo., kanye neqiniso lokuthi futhi liyamelana nesithwathwa kukwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ezihlelweni zomuntu siqu. Izakhamizi zasehlobo zathandana nalokhu kuhlukahluka - akunakwenzeka ukutshala izihlahla eziningi kumahektare ayisithupha, kepha wonke umuntu udinga i-cherry ehlanganisiwe futhi ethela kakhulu. Vele, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi otshaliwe izithelo, futhi I-Chocolate Girl inezinkinga zayo - ugula ngokunganakekelwa ngokwanele nge-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis.
Noma kunjalo, qhathanisa izinga lokuvuthwa kwezithelo nobulukhuni basebusika bezinhlobonhlobo zama-cherry ngaphambi kokuthenga umuthi:
Okunhlobonhlobo | Intombazane yoshokholethi | URobin | Intsha | UBagryanka |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ukumelana nesithwathwa | phezulu | isilinganiso | phezulu | isilinganiso |
Izithelo zivuthwa | swift | swift | isilinganiso | swift |
Veza | phezulu | phezulu | phezulu | phezulu |
Ukutholakala kwezifo | Ephakathi - i-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis | Medium - moniliosis kanye coccomycosis, ukhunta | Medium - moniliosis kanye coccomycosis, ukhunta | Medium - moniliosis kanye coccomycosis, ukhunta |
Ukuzitholela impova | Yebo | cha | Yebo | cha |
Noma ngeso lenyama, ungabona ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu kangakanani ukutshala okuhlukahlukene okufana ne-Shokoladnitsa kusayithi - ayizithobeki, inika isivuno esihle futhi cishe ayiguli.
Abanye abalimi bakholelwa lokho kungenzeka ukwandisa isivuno sesihlahla kaningi ngokutshala okungenani i-cherry eyodwa yezinye izinhlobo eceleni kwaso ukuthola impova, zinikezwa izimpova ezinjengezinhlobonhlobo zaseLyubskaya, Sklyanka, Vladimirskaya, Studencheskaya, Turgenevka. Uma kunesikhala esanele endaweni yakho yensimu, ungasebenzisa izeluleko zochwepheshe, kepha-ke, isihlahla se-Chocolate Girl esikhula sodwa sizoletha isivuno esikhulu.
Izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa
Khetha indawo yokutshala izihlahla ngokucophelela, kanye nesikhathi sokutshala. Abanye abalimi bakhetha ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo "ngaphambi kobusika", kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka sebenzisa izinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho kungcono ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo... Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala kokuphila, isikhathi sokuqala kokunyakaza kwamajusi, isihlahla sizomila kangcono uma ukhetha ukutshala entwasahlobo.
Khetha isithombo esincane - kufika ku-70 cm ukuphakama, sincane, naka uhlelo lwaso lwempande - athuthukile futhi anamandla. Isihlahla uqobo akufanele sonakaliswe, amagatsha kufanele aqine futhi anwebe... Ubudala - cishe unyaka owodwa nohhafu, lokho kwanele.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, ama-cherry adinga ilanga eliningi, isihlahla sizokhetha uhlangothi olunomoya wesayithi, olufudumele futhi olungenamthunzi.
Uma inhlabathi esizeni inzima, naka isihlabathi, peat kusengaphambili, qiniseka ukubheka ukuthi akhona yini amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eduze noma ngaphansi komgodi ocatshangelwayo. Ama-cherry awabekezeleli umswakama okweqile, umuthi otshalwe enhlabathini ene-asidi onamapayipi amabi uzofa.
Susa inhlabathi emgodini, isendlalelo esingezansi kufanele silungiselelwe ngokukhethekile - kuzoba ingxube yenhlabathi nomlotha kanye ne-humus, ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kufakwe i-superphosphate ne-calcium chloride encane ekubunjweni. Kunjalo umgodi wenziwa kahle ekwindla, ukuze utshale ngokuqala kokuhamba kwamajusi entwasahlobo.
Indlela yokutshala ama-cherries ngendlela efanele
- Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi udinga isigxobo, ubukhulu bedivayisi bufinyelela ku-8 cm, siyishayele emhlabathini nxazonke yenza amamaki endaweni engaba ngu-30 cm, ukujula komgodi cishe kungama-70 cm.
- Emgodini oqediwe uthele ingxube elungiselelwe inhlabathi, umlotha kanye nomgibe womhlabathi.
- Sabalalisa ibhola lempande, zama ukungalimazi izimpande ezincane zethenda.
- Beka isigxobo eceleni kwesithombo, ngobude bomuthi obungamamitha angama-70, isigxobo kufanele sibe ngaphezulu - cishe imitha.
- Bopha isithombo esigxotsheni ngentambo yephepha, ungazisebenzisi izintambo zepulasitiki - zizolimaza amagxolo athambile esihlahla esincane
- Beka isithombo ngendlela ukuze intamo yaso ibe ngenhla komhlabathi - cishe u-3-4 cm
- Gcwalisa umgodi
- Cindezela umhlaba ezungeze isiqu
- Nisela isihlahla Kuningi impela - ibhakede lesithombo esisodwa
- Ngemuva kokuchelela, qiniseka ukuthi khangisa umbuthano wokutshala, ubukhulu besendlalelo se-mulch, esiqukethe ingxube ye-sawdust ne-humus, kufanele kube ngu-5 cm.
Umsebenzi omkhulu usuphelile, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi awudingi ukunakekela isihlahla ngaphezulu. Ngenkathi isithombo sincane, zama okungenani khipha inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu kanye ngesontoukuze umoya ufike ezimpandeni ezikhulayo, inqubo enjalo iyadingeka ngemuva kokuchelela. Ukhula ngeke luvele endaweni ephethwe ngale ndlela.
Ungayidluli ngokunisela. Isihlahla sidinga amanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo - lokhu ngoMeyi nangoJuni, isikhathi esisele ongathembela kuso sezulu.
Kepha ngoMeyi nangoJuni esihlahleni ngasinye kufanelekile ukuchitha cishe amabhakede amahlanu amanzi, isivuno siyoba esicebile.
Ukufunda ukuthena isihlahla
Udinga ukususa amagatsha angenasidingo futhi wakhe umqhele minyaka yonke. Ukuthenwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuka kwehlumela... Ngemuva kokunquma amagatsha, phatha isiphunzi ngesikhala sensimu. Yakha umqhele wepiramidi. Qiniseka ukuthi ususa amagatsha owomile nofriziwe.
Amagama ambalwa ngobulukhuni bebusika - I-Shokoladnitsa ijwayele i-Central Russia, kepha ebusika obukhulu (uma izazi zezulu zibikezela isikhathi esibandayo kuwe), ungavimbela isiqu ngezidladla ze-spruce - zizogcina amagxolo esihlahla esincane kumagundane nasegundaneni.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukondla izihlahla zezithelo kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-nitrogen. I-Mullein ne-humus zikhulu. Udinga ukondla kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo uzodinga i-superphosphate ne-ammonium nitrate, ekwindla - i-lime, i-potassium ne-phosphorus... Ungakhohlwa nge-mullein - entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuqhakaza futhi futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Akumnandi lapho amaqabunga anezindawo ezibomvu nsundu avela esihlahleni - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso se-coccomycosis... Noma yisiphi isifo singabikezelwa futhi sivinjelwe - ngaphambi kokuqhakaza amaqabunga okuqala, udinga ukufafaza umuthi ngesisombululo se-3% se-Bordeaux liquid. Lapho izimbali ze-cherry - sebenzisa amalungiselelo "i-Skor", ngemuva kokuqhakaza - isisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi.
Uma uthola izimpawu zokuqala ze-moniliosis - isikhunta emagatsheni nasemagxolweni esihlahla, bese ususa bese ushisa zonke izindawo ezithintekile, qiniseka ukuphatha umuthi nge-sulfate yethusi.
Kungcono ukulwa nama-aphid ezihlahleni zezithelo ngesisombululo esingu-3% se-nitrafen noma i-intavirUma kunezinambuzane eziningi, ungakhohlwa ukusula umhlabathi wezinambuzane eziwile ngemuva kokucubungula isihlahla.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
UCherry Shokoladnitsa kusenesikhathi, uzobona amajikijolo okuqala esihlahleni eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala, zivuthwa maphakathi noJulayi. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ungavuna kuze kufike ku-15 kg wamajikijolo esihlahleni esisodwa.
Kungcono ukudla ama-cherry amasha, kepha omama abanekhono bazokwenza i-compote, iwayini, ama-liqueurs avela kumajikijolo, benze ujamu.
Izici zalokhu okuhlukahlukene
Isihlahla siphansi, umqhele yi-pyramidal, ukuma kweqabunga kukhonjisiwe. Amajikijolo afinyelela ku-3 mg, isihlahla sikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo ezifika ku-15 kg... Izinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa, eziklanyelwe ukutshalwa esifundeni Esimaphakathi saseRussia, zizipholisha kahle. Nebubi - ukutholakala kwezifo ze-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis.
Ukubuyekezwa kwengadi
Abalimi basho kanjani ngoshokoledi Shokoladnitsa
UPetrov Mikhail, umlimi onolwazi - Izinhlobonhlobo zincane futhi zithembisa kakhulu. Ukwandisa isivuno, kuhlongozwa ukutshala izinhlobo eziseduze zaseLyubskaya, Sklyanka, Vladimirskaya, Studencheskaya, Turgenevka.
UStarova Veronika, umlimi wensimu - Izithelo zinamanzi, zinoshukela futhi zimuncu, zigcinwe kahle, ungenza amalungiselelo amaningi ebusika kuzo.
UMikhailova Irina - Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, amajikijolo amaningi, iqala ukuthela izithelo kusenesikhathi, sizikha ngamabhakede. Futhi kulele kahle, ngeluleka wonke umuntu.
Isiphetho
Engadini, kuhlala kukhona indawo yezihlahla zezithelo - i-apula, ipheya, i-cherry. Indawo encane ezinhlanganweni zokulima iba yikhanda kubanikazi - akunakwenzeka ukutshala izihlahla eziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kukhethwa izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ezinganikeza isivuno esinothile. ICherry Shokoladnitsa ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nazo zonke izidingo - isivuno esikhulu, isikhathi eside, ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amajikijolo amakhulu, anamanzi.