Wonke umuntu uthanda utamatisi, izithelo zifunwa ngokulinganayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasenyakatho. Kuyisiko ukuyikhulisa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi. Kepha umuntu angaphikisana nalokhu, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziphikisana nezimo zesimo sezulu, zikhuthazelela ngokuqinile okupholile ngokuya ngezici zazo. Yilezi zinhlobonhlobo okwenziwa ngazo utamatisi kaNikola, onconyelwa ukuthi ulinywe nasesifundeni saseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, sizoyinika incazelo esihlokweni.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zeNikola
Izazi ze-Agronomists ze-Altai agrofirm SeDek zaveza izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi zaphakathi nesizini zase ziyibhalisa ngo-1993. Izici eziyinhloko zokuhlukahluka yilezi:
- isihlahla sikhula sandile, emhlabathini ovulekile singafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kuma-70 cm;
- isitshalo sine-branching enhle nenani elikhulu lamahlamvu kuso;
- amaqabunga aluhlaza, anombala ohlaza okotshani;
- izithelo zivuthiwe izinsuku ezingama-94-115 ngemuva kokuvela;
- lapho seluvuthiwe, utamatisi ubomvu ngombala nokuma kwebhola elijwayelekile;
- inhlobonhlobo ingeyakhe ovumela phezulu, i-inflorescence yokuqala yesitshalo imvamisa ingaphezulu kwamaqabunga ayi-8-9, konke okulandelayo kudlula iqabunga;
- isithelo ngasinye sinesisindo 80-200 g;
- okuhlukahlukene, kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha, kanye nokucubungula ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Isitshalo ngasinye singakhipha kufika ku-4.5 kg ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeNikola zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwezimboni kwezifunda zaseMiddle Volga naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia.
Ubuhle nobubi
Utamatisi Nikola kulula kakhulu ukukhula, ngisho nengane ingakwazi ukuyazi kahle. Abalimi bezingadi babheka izinzuzo ezilandelayo ezihlukile:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
- ukumelana okubandayo;
- izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitha;
- ukuthuthwa okuhle;
- Inhloso yendawo yonke yezithelo.
Futhi, lokhu kungabangelwa iqiniso lokuthi isihlahla asikho isidingo sokubumba nokuncinza.
Kukhona nokubi:
- ukuthambekela kwezifo;
- izithelo ezinamagumbi amaningi.
Kepha azethusi kangako. Uma uthatha ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye ne-prophylaxis efike ngesikhathi, izifo eziningi zingagwenywa, futhi uhlelo lwamakamelo amaningi luzosiza ukuqoqa inani elanele lembewu yezitshalo ezizayo.
Izidingo zenhlabathi
Ngokwesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kwaseSiberia zakudala, izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi zakhiqizwa, okwathatha okuningi kumzali wayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lesi sitshalo asikhethi neze inhlabathi.
Isiqu singakhula ngokoqobo kuyo yonke indawo, kepha ikhwalithi yenhlabathi izothinta ikhwalithi nobungako besivuno.
Ukuhlwanyela
Utamatisi ohlukahlukene uNikola wokukhula kumele adlule kuzo zonke izinqubo ezijwayelekile. Ziphethwe ngale ndlela:
- Isinyathelo sokuqala kungaba ukulungiswa kweziqukathi... Ukuze ukhule izithombo, kufanele ube neziqukathi lapho imbewu izobekwa khona. Ngalokhu, iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma amabhokisi okhuni zifanelekile. Ongazenza wena.
- Umhlabathi ungalungiswa kusengaphambili ekwindla, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuwuhlwanyela uvele ungeniswe endlini ufudunyezwe. I-substrate yendawo yonke etholakala ngokuthengisa nayo iyafaneleka, nayo edinga ukufudunyezwa.
- Isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi wokulungiselela sithi ukukhetha nokufaka imbewu... Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu iyagezwa ngokushesha futhi ishiywe emanzini imizuzu eyi-15-20. Imbewu embi izantanta, ezinhle zizocwila phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ucwilise imbewu kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-fungicide ethile. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kancane ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo ezizayo. Ukucwilisa kungahlala kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye ezinsukwini ezinhlanu.
- Ngemuva kokudlula lezi zigaba, ungakwenza ngqo ukuhlwanyela... Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi ithululelwa ezitsheni bese kuhlwanyelwa imbewu eminyene. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe okungenani i-1 cm.Ngemva kwalokho, okusanhlamvu kumbozwe ungqimba oluncane lomxube wenhlabathi, cishe u-1-1.5 cm, uniselwe kakhulu futhi ubekwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyiswe kahle.
Ngenqubo efanele, izithombo zizovela ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, udinga dala umphumela wokushisa... Lokhu kungenziwa ngokumane ubeke ingilazi ebusweni besitsha noma ukuyisonga kwifilimu.
Ukufika emhlabathini
Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili lamaqabunga eqiniso, isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sidlule khetha esitsheni esihlukile, izinkomishi ezilahlwa kakhulu noma izimbiza ezikhethekile ezenziwe nge-peat ziyasetshenziswa.
Lapho nje usongo lwamakhaza ludlula, izitshalo ezivuthiwe kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho zizoqhubeka nokukhula futhi ziqale ukuthela izithelo.
Lapho wenza inqubo, kufanele ulandele le mithetho elandelayo:
- Bheka ngokucophelela isikhala somugqa, phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele kube khona hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50 × 70.
- Ukutshala kwenziwa ngendlela yokudlulisa ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho be-rhizome.
- Inqubo yenziwa kahle kakhulu ntambama futhi okungcono lapho sezulu liguqubele.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, kuyalulekwa ukufiphaza izithombo izinsuku ezimbalwa bese uthele kakhulu ngamanzi afudunyezwe elangeni amahlandla ambalwa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izitshalo zizokhula ngokushesha futhi zijabulise ngezimbali, bese ngezithelo zabalimi bazo.
Ukuhamba ngemuva kokwehla
Ukutshala nje utamatisi akwanele ukuthola isivuno. Ukufeza le nhloso, utamatisi udinga ukunakekelwa, okuqukethe:
- njalo ukukhululeka inhlabathi ezungeze;
- ukwenza ngcono izindleko zomoya khetha amaqabunga aphansi ngehlathi bese ukhulula isikhala phakathi kwezitshalo kusuka kukhula;
- ukusheshisa inqubo yokwakheka kwe-ovary ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo ezinconywayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokufafaza isisombululo se-boric acid kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray noma ku-superphosphate.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ukushesha kokufakelwa kokuvuthwa kwezithelo kuvunyelwe. Ukwenza lokhu, mane ukhiphe ibhulashi ngotamatisi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga elangeni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Utamatisi Nikola usengozini yokungenwa yizifo ezinjalo:
- ukubola okuphezulu;
- indawo emnyama yebhaktheriya;
- ukulimala kwesikhathi.
Ukulwa nazo, kubalulekile cwilisa imbewu kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate noma esinye isibulala-magciwane bese uhlola isitshalo njalo.
Ukwelashwa okuvamile kokuvimbela Ingxube yeBordeaux noma ezinye izindlela zokuvikela isikhunta kuzosiza ukuvikela zombili iziqu nesitshalo.
Ukuvuna
Izithelo ezingavuthiwe zikatamatisi kaNikola zinombala oluhlaza okomhlophe; ezimeni zezulu ezingagculisi, kungale ndlela lapho zingasuswa khona kulesi sitshalo.
Udinga nje ukukwenza kanye neziqu noma amabhulashi, kungale ndlela lapho utamatisi angavuthwa ngokushesha futhi kangcono endaweni efudumele futhi emnyama.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside impela, ngoba lokhu kufanelekile ukubuka umbuso wokushisa nokugcina izinga lomswakama elidingekayo ekamelweni. Kuzoba kuhle uma i-thermometer ikhombisa +17nomswakama uzoba hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-40%.
Utamatisi Nikola kulula kakhulu ukunakekelwa, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nezinkomba zemakethe zikuvumela ukuthi ikhule kokubili ngabalimi abangashadile nangesilinganiso sezimboni.