Ukuhlanganisa ama-strawberry kuyindlela yezolimo eyenza kube lula kumlimi wensimu futhi ivimbele izifo zezitshalo. Ulwazi oluhle lobuchwepheshe nesikhathi sokubekwa kwe-mulch, izici zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zizosiza ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokwandisa umkhiqizo. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi ungamakha kanjani ama-strawberry, ungafafaza kanjani imibhede nokuthi kungani uyidinga.
Kuyini ukuhlanganisa?
Ukuthuthuka okulungile kanye nezithelo zezitshalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokwakheka kwenhlabathi okuvamile. Iqhaza elibalulekile kulokhu lidlalwa ungqimba lomhlabathi. Nguye ovezwa kakhulu yizinto ezimbi. Izimvula zikhukhula amaminerali, ushintsho lomoya namazinga okushisa kuholela ekumeni nasekubandeni.
Lezi zimo azilungele ukusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi, eziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekwakheni i-humus. Ziya ezingxenyeni ezijulile, futhi inhlabathi ilahlekelwa ukuvundisa kwayo.
Imbotshana - ukumboza ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo ngezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Lokhu kumvikela kuzo zonke izici ezimbi. Kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo, izikelemu zomhlaba nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo, ezihlangana nama-organic organic akha ungqimba oluvundile.
I-mulch ivimba ukukhanya kwelanga, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukhula lukhule. Ukujiya kwensimbi kanye nokuphakama kwesendlalelo semvunge, kulapho kusebenza khona ukuvikela ukhula. Impahla ye-thermoregulatory of mulch ivikela izimpande zezitshalo ekuqandeni, ekushiseni ngokweqile naseqhweni.
Isendlalelo sesembozo semifino sinciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama okuvela enhlabathini, okunciphisa isidingo sokuchelela. Kwenza kube nzima ukungena kwamagciwane nezinhlamvu zesikhunta ezimpandeni zama-strawberry, kunciphise izehlakalo zokulimala kwezimpande, i-rhizoctonia, i-verticillosis. Amajikijolo avuthiwe awahlangani nenhlabathi, iphesenti lokubola cishe alifakwanga.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubola, i-organic mulch ikhiqiza zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo kuma-strawberry. Bangena kancane kancane emhlabathini kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, begcina ukushintshaniswa kwamaminerali phakathi kwezimpande nengxenye engaphezulu ye-sitrobheli.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha okokusebenza kokuvikela, kuzodingeka uthathe isinqumo ngenhloso yomcimbi. Ngokuya ngezinto ezikhethiwe, isembozo semifino singaba umthombo wokudla kwama-strawberry, sivikele ezifweni, noma simane senze indawo enhle enhlabathini.
Imibandela yama-strawberry we-mulching
Inhlabathi engaphansi kwezitshalo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esiphakeme semboza ngomsele unyaka wonke. Udinga ukufudumala entwasahlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inkathi yokukhula yesitshalo izobambezeleka kakhulu. Ama-strawberry ahlanganiswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwama-ovari ezimbali.
I-mulching nayo ingenziwa ngesikhathi sehlobo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi leliphi igama, inhlabathi nezitshalo kufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kokubeka okubalulekile:
- khipha umhlabathi;
- susa ukhula, amaqabunga agulayo, amadevu amaningi;
- amanzi amaningi;
- yenza ukondla ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.
Igama elithi mulching sitrobheli sasebusika ukuphela kukaSepthemba, lapho isitshalo silungiselela ukulala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-mulch isetshenziswa njenge-thermostat. Lokhu ukuvikela ekuqandeni kanzima kwenhlabathi ebusika obungenalo iqhwa, ukulimala kwezimpande ngesikhathi sencibilika.
Akwanele ukubeka i-mulch; ehlobo udinga ukuqapha isimo sayo. Izinto zemvelo zidinga ukuvuseleleka njalo nezindawo ezibolile zibuyiselwe. Okokusebenza akufanele kulingane kahle neziqu zezihlahla, kufanele kube khona igebe elingu-1-2 cm lokuvula izimpande.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nemithetho yokuhlanganisa
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuveza izinto ezinazo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokuhlanganisa ama-strawberry. Ngemuva kokuhlola ubuhle nobubi babo, ungakhetha i-mulch efanelekile yezimo nezinhloso ngazinye.
Utshani
Utshani ngumholi owaziwayo wazo zonke izinto ezifanele ama-strawberry. Izinto ezomile kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa.
I-straw siqukethe i-fiber okunzima ukubola, okuyivikelayo ekonakaleni okusheshayo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kungumthombo ompofu wokudla, ngaphezu kwalokho, udonsa i-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ukunxephezela ukulahleka kwamaminerali futhi unikeze amahlathi ukudla, utshani buhlanganiswe nomquba noma umquba obolile.
Uhlanga luheha amagundane njengesiphephelo futhi luhlakazwa umoya wasekwindla. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi somsebenzi wasekwindla, kuyaqoqwa futhi kulahlwe, futhi ebusika, ukugoqa kwenziwa ngento efanelekile.
Isendlalelo sotshani esifanelekile senhlabathi evulekile singamasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kwayi-20. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa siyohlala phansi size sifike ku-5-7 cm.Kuwona umhlabathi osindayo wobumba, kusetshenziswa utshani obusikiwe, obubekwe ungqimba olungadluli ku-3-5 cm, kuvuselelwa ingaphezulu njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15.
Ungayigcina kanjani i-mulch strawberry enezinaliti?
Inzuzo yezinaliti ingukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-phytoncides nezinto ze-bactericidal. Kuyindlela enamandla yokuvikela izifo nezinambuzane. Izinto eziqukethwe ngezinto ze-coniferous zithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwama-strawberry.
Amathini wezinaliti kancane kancane enza i-asidi enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa enhlabathini engenawo u-asidi noma kukalamula oshelelile (50 g / 1 m2) kusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe imbokodo.
Ezifundeni ezinehlobo elishisayo, umuntu kufanele acabangele: izinaliti zivikela ngobuthakathaka inhlabathi ekushiseni ngokweqile. Izinaliti zilele phansi kusendlalelo esivulekile lapho ukhula luhluma khona kalula. Ngokwenza njalo, kufakazelwe: ukuvikela ukhula, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lwama-30 cm. Kunzima futhi akusebenzi.
Izinaliti zikaphayini ezibunjiwe neziphuzi kancane zisetshenziselwa umquba. Zibekwa ungqimba lwama-3-5 cm.Ngesentwasahlobo, i-mulch endala iyavuselelwa noma ishumeke emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokhula.
I-hay, utshani obusha nomquba oluhlaza
Kungenzeka noma cha ukumboza leli berry ngotshani noma ngotshani obusha? Lawa ma-botanicals aqukethe i-fiber ebolayo kalula futhi anikezela ngokudla okucebile kwama-strawberry. Kepha isikhashana kuphela.
Ukubola okusheshayo kuholela ekuqedeni ungqimba oluncane lwesembozo semifino nokubola kwezingqimba ezingezansi kwalokhu okuphezulu. Lapho kubola, isitshalo semfucuza siba yisizathu sokufaka ushevu ama-strawberry ngemikhiqizo yokubola.
I-hay ilungele ukondliwa okwesikhashana kwama-strawberry. Ukwakha indawo evumayo emhlabathini, kuzodingeka ukuthi zibekwe ngongqimba we-7-10 cm bese kufakwa isembozo esisha njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Kusebenza kakhulu.Ngaphambi kokubeka, utshani obusikiwe bomisiwe, izitshalo ezinezinhlamvu ezivuthiwe eziningi ziyasuswa. Isendlalelo esifanelekile ngu-3-5 cm.
Amagxolo esihlahla
Ukuze uthole ama-strawberry e-mulching, sebenzisa amagxolo ephayini noma i-larch yengxenyana encane noma ephakathi. Ziqukethe ama-tannins amancane, ngakho-ke ngeke kube ne-acidification yenhlabathi. Iyinto eqinile yokuvikela imithombo yesembozo futhi ibuye ilungele ukufakelwa umbhede ebusika. Izothatha iminyaka engu-5.
Amagxolo avikela inhlabathi kahle ekushiseni nasekuqandeni, anikeze ukubukeka kobuhle engadini, kepha kugcina umswakama ubimbi kakhulu. Uzodinga ukuchelela njalo. Isendlalelo esidingekayo se-mulch singu-5-7 cm.
I-sawdust
I-sawdust ibola kancane, ngakho-ke akufanele uyithathe njengomthombo wokudla. Ngesizathu esifanayo, i-sawdust ingahlala iminyaka eyi-3. Ubuso obubi besi mulch obunjalo buxaka ukuhamba kwama-slugs neminenke, kunezimbalwa zazo.
I-sawdust imunca kakhulu umswakama, kuze kube kwenzeka lokhu, ngeke kube khona ukugeleza kwamanzi okuya ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, inani lokunisela kufanele lenyuswe, kepha isidingo salokhu akuvamile ukuvela.
Okwembesa, ukusabalala kwephepha lezindaba kusatshalaliswa ebusweni bomhlabathi, i-sawdust ibekwa phezulu ngongqimba lwama-cm 5. I-sawdust ilungele ukusetshenziswa ehlobo nasebusika.
Ungalisebenzisa kanjani kahle amakhadibhodi?
Amakhadibhodi angasetshenziselwa ukulawula indawo enhle ebusweni bomhlaba. Ukwenza lokhu, entwasahlobo, izingcezu ezinkulu zamakhadibhodi zigqitshwa phakathi kwezihlahla, kushiya izimbobo kuphela ezungeze izihlahla. Imiphetho namalunga ekhadibhodi kulungiswe ngezinto ezisindayo.
Ukunisela nokondla kwenziwa ngemigodi. Ukondla ama-strawberry ehlobo, ungqimba lomquba olungama-3-5 cm lungasakazwa ngaphansi kwekhadibhodi.
I-Spandbond njenge-mulch
Kuyinto yokwakheka komhlabakukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Akudlulisi ukukhanya, kugcina izinga lokushisa nomswakama emhlabathini. Ukunisela nokufaka umquba kungenziwa nge-spandbond.
Amafemu aphawulekayo:
- I-Agrin (e-Ukraine);
- I-Agrotex (Russia);
- ILutrasil (eJalimane);
- Agil (eFrance);
- Izitshalo-Amaprotheni (ePoland).
Ukuze uthole ama-strawberry we-mulching, khetha impahla emnyama enesisindo esingu-60 g / m2.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-sitrobheli, zisakazeka ebusweni bemibhede futhi ukusikeka kwenziwa ezindaweni zemigodi yesikhathi esizayo. Amaphethelo e-spandbond avikelekile ngezikhonkwane zezinwele noma izinto ezisindayo. Ukuhlanganisa izitshalo esezitshaliwe, ama-agrotextiles asatshalaliswa phakathi kwemigqa, amboze ubuso bomhlabathi obuzungeze amahlathi ngangokunokwenzeka.
ISpandbond ingasetshenziswa unyaka wonke. Kuyamelana namagciwane abolayo, ukucindezela kwemishini namazinga okushisa aphansi. Impilo yesevisi iminyaka emi-3.
Ungayigcoba kanjani i-berry ngefilimu?
Ukuze uthole ama-strawberry we-mulching, sebenzisa ifilimu emnyama enosayizi wama-microns angama-30. Impilo yesevisi yamafilimu kuze kube yiminyaka emi-3. Izinto ezinciphile zingasetshenziselwa isizini eyodwa. Ezifundeni ezishisayo, abakhiqizi banikela ngamafilimu anobuso obumhlophe nokusekelwa okumnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye ikhombisa imisebe yelanga futhi igcina umswakama.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka isembozo semilingo kufilimu buyafana ne-spunbond. Ukunisela kuphela kuleli cala kuhleliwe i-microdroplet ngaphansi kwefilimu noma kuniselwa endaweni ngokusebenzisa izimbobo.
Inhlanganisela yezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela ingasiza ama-strawberry. Ukwenza lokhu, ungahlanganisa izinsalela zezitshalo ezomile, amagxolo kanye ne-sawdust ngezingxenye eziluhlaza zamakhambi, umquba noma umquba obolile. Lo mbumbulu womabili wenza indawo enhle futhi wondle izitshalo.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokubopha intwasahlobo noma ekwindla
Ukuhlanganisa ama-strawberry kudala impikiswano evuthayo phakathi kwabalimi, lapho umuntu engezwa imibono ephikisanayo. Kukhona izimangalo zokuvunwa okuphezulu ngokungavamile ngemuva kokufakwa kwesivalo semifino kanye nemiphumela yaso emibi kuma-strawberry. Ukuhlola okuhle nokubi kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuhlanganiswa.
Izinzuzo
Ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukumboza izembozo kungasiza ekuxazululeni imisebenzi eminingi yensimu.
It:
- ukuvimbela ukushisa kwenhlabathi ehlobo kanye ne-hypothermia ebusika;
- ukulondolozwa komswakama emhlabathini;
- ukunciphisa inani lokhula;
- ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezingena enhlabathini;
- ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi;
- ukuvikelwa ekubolile kwamajikijolo avuthiwe ehlobo elinemvula;
- ukugcina ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi;
- ukwakheka kwenani elikhulu lezimpande zokuzijabulisa;
- ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Lolu hlu oluhlaba umxhwele lubandakanya umsebenzi omningi nemali uma kwenziwa ngokuhlukile.
Yokuntula
Okunye kokubi kwabalimi be-mulching kubiza ukukhiqizwa kwama-slugs neminenke.... Kubo, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwesembozo somswakama luba yisiphephelo ezinsukwini zasehlobo ezomile, futhi okubolayo okubolayo kuba ukudla. Izimo zezinambuzane ziyakhanga ngempela.
Lesi akusona isizathu sokuyeka ukuhlanganisa.
Ezindaweni ezinesibalo esandayo sezinambuzane, i-sawdust noma izinaliti kungasetshenziswa. Dala i-biocenosis yemvelo ezogcina abantu be-mollusc beze endaweni engeyona ingozi.
Okunye ukungalungi kwesivalo semifino ukubola kwezingqimba ezingezansi ehlobo elinethayo noma lapho kubekwa enhlabathini esindayo yobumba. Lo msebenzi kulula ukuwuxazulula. Udinga ukugxila esimweni sezulu sesifunda, ungabeki ungqimba oluphakeme emhlabathini wobumba, futhi uhlole njalo umvuthwandaba ngesizini.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-strawberry anezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kungadlala indima embi eqandeni eliphindaphindayo. Kulokhu, konke ukushisa kuzohlala emhlabathini, kukhuphule umthelela omubi wokuqandisa engxenyeni engenhla ye-sitrobheli. Ukugcina umkhondo wesimo sezulu kuzosiza ukumboza izitshalo ngesikhathi.
Ububi bokubumbela kubizwa nangokuthi ukuheha kwamagundane, izinambuzane nezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunzima ukukucabanga njengokwehluleka okuthile. Isakhiwo sengadi esinenqwaba yezitshalo zemifino nezithelo ngokwaso sikhanga ezinambuzane zazo.
Ochwepheshe baqinisekile: ulwazi olubi lwezimpawu zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, inhlabathi esizeni kanye nesimo sezulu sesifunda kuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okubi. Kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuthi ukumboza izimbali akubandakanyi nhlobo ezinye izinhlobo zokunakekelwa kwe-sitrobheli, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukukuphatha njengesixazululo sazo zonke izinkinga.