Isihlahla sama-apula sihlala siyisihlahla sezithelo esidumile, izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nama-hybridi avame ukukhuliswa ngabakhethi. Enye yezinto ezisanda kuhoxiswa ngu ama-apula ahlukahlukene uKandil Orlovsky.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Ngenxa yomsebenzi oguquguqukayo wabalimi be-Research Institute of Russia of Fruit Crops, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula zazalwa, ezibizwa ngokuthi uKandil Orlovsky. Leli phupho latholakala ngokuvotelwa ngokukhululekile kwezithombo ezixubekile zezinhlobonhlobo uWesley noJonathan.
Ababhali abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwenhlobonhlobo entsha babe ISedova E.N., Serov Z.M., Zhdanova V.V., iDolmatova E.A.... Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamukelwa ukuvivinywa kombuso ngo-1997, futhi zabhaliswa kwiRejista Yombuso ngo-2002.
Isihlahla se-Apple sikaKandil Orlovsky ezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi ophakathi, phansi, umqhele mncane, uyindilinga, awugqinsi. Amahlumela amakhulu atholakala ngokugqagqene, agobile, kepha asuka esiqwini cishe ezinhlangothini ezifanele. Ukuthena okujulile nokwakhiwa komqhele akudingeki.
Ngasemthini uhlelo lwempande oluthuthukiswe kahle... Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda ukukhanya, izindawo ezinenhlabathi e-loamy ne-sandy loamy enomanzi. Iphendula kahle ekondleni nasekukhuliseni.
Ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-apula avuthiwe, amagatsha ayasinda futhi acwile, angaphuka. Ukugwema lokhu, beka izisekelo. Zingavunwa ngemuva kokuvuna.
Amahlumela alesi sihlahla se-apula anesisindo esiphakathi nendawo, azungezwe ngesigaba esiphambanweni, aminyene. Amagxolo esiqwini, amagatsha amakhulu namahlumela anombala onsundu onsundu futhi abushelelezi.
Amaqabunga mancane, ngesimo se-oval esincishisiwe, isiqongo sikhonjisiwe futhi sisontekile ngokuvunguza, ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile omnyama, ocwebezelayo. Zihlukaniswa nendawo yokuhlala, eshwabene onqenqemeni lwedolobha elincane kanye ne-wavy.
Ishidi lepuleti lobukhulu obuphakathi nobude. Zinezinhlamvu ezincane ezimise okwenaliti phansi kweqabunga. Kunezimbumbulu ezimbalwa zelentshisi, zincane.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuncane, kucindezelwe kakhulu kumahlumela, efihlekile ye-pubescent ngesimo sesigaxa. Ama-inflorescence flat-pink flat ngosayizi ophakathi, oyindilinga, anama-pedicels amade.
UKandil Orlovsky uqala ukuvuna kusenesikhathi, sekuneminyaka emi-3-5 emva kokutshala isihlahla. Ihlukile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. Izihlahla ezincane zingakhiqiza isilinganiso sama-apula ayi-160 esihlahleni ngasinye.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zithela izithelo njalo, cishe njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isivuno sehla futhi ukuthamba kwesithelo kuya kwehla.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zivunwa ngoSepthemba, zilala kahle kuze kufike intwasahlobo, futhi zihanjiswa kalula.
Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinamanzi, okugaya okuluhlaza okotshani okuncane okunambitheka omnandi omnandi nomuncu nephunga elihle. Izithelo zicebile ku-vitamin C, encane, enesisindo esingaba ngu-150 amagremu.
Banokubukeka okukhangayo ngesimo sesigaxa esinwetshiwe, ngombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okukhanyayo ngokubomvu okukhanyayo, ngesikhumba esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo.
UKandil Orlovsky ungukuqina kwasebusika, ukumelana nezifo eziningi zefungal, utwayi. Ukuba yizinhlobonhlobo ezizikhulisayo, kodwa-ke idinga impova evela kwezinye izinhlobo zama-apula ukuze kutholakale izithelo ezingcono nezithelo eziningi.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nesimo sezulu, ukutshala kungenzeka cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda.
Izinzuzo nobubi besihlahla se-apula
Izinzuzo ezinkulu zomuthi we-apula walokhu kuhlukahluka ukumelana notwayi lwamaqabunga nezithelo, izimfanelo eziphakeme zokuhweba nokunambitha, uhlobo oluyingqayizivele lwezithelo, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni.
Ukumelana nezimo ezibandayo, kubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike -35 degrees, kunokuzivikela okungokwemvelo kwezifo zefungal.
Ngumnikazi werekhodi lokugcina izithelo... Kudliwe njengokusha. Ilungele kahle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula izithelo.
Lokhu kuhluka akubekezeli ukufiphazwa, kudinga indawo ekhanyiswe kakhulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njenganoma isiphi isitshalo, ukwandisa umkhiqizo, isihlahla sama-apula uKandil Orlovsky idinga ukondliwa, impande kanye nefoliar.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, isithombo asikhulelwa, kepha siniselwa njalo nangokuningi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezomile, yithukulule inhlabathi, ngenkathi kususwa ukhula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho entwasahlobo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrogen kwesihlahla kwenziwa, ehlobo, kufuthwe ngomanyolo owuketshezi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuphakelwa kwentwasahlobo kuyaphindwa, kanti ekwindla kukhiqizwa ngamanyolo nge-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sesiqale ukuthela izithelo, isibalo sazo sikhuliswa sifike kane ngonyaka.
Ngaphambi nangemva kokuphakela isitshalo, qiniseka ukusinisela kakhulu. Faka umanyolo ophilayo lapho ugqoka izimpande, umanyolo wezimbiwa lapho ufafaza isitshalo.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo nokuzivumelanisa nezinye izindawo
Ekuqaleni izinhlobonhlobo zazalelwa ukukhula ezindaweni eziMaphakathi, eNyakatho yeCaucasus naseMnyama... Kepha njengoba kuqinile ebusika futhi kumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, kufaka phakathi i-fungal, kungakhula yonke indawo.
Isifunda sokukhula asithinti ikhwalithi yezithelo nokukhiqiza.
Amathiphu wokutshala izithombo uKandil Orlovsky
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma endaweni yokutshala isitshalo esincane. Khetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahleukugwema ukuwa kwesivuno.
Indawo ekhonjiwe iyadingeka, emihlabathini, enhlabathini enamathela enhlabathini enamathela umswakama. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule emhlabathini omnyama nge-asidi ephansi, kanye nasenhlabathini enesihlabathi, ngokuya ngokudla okuvamile kanye nokukhulelwa.
Isihlahla se-apula asiwamukeli amanzi amile... Kulesi simo, ukukhula kabi kwesihlahla kungenzeka nokufa kwaso kungenzeka.
Ukutshala, lungisa imigodi engaba ngu-80 cm ububanzi futhi cishe imitha eli-1 ukujula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umhlaba uzinze. Shayela isikhonkwane sokufika.
Uma ukhethe indawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba nezikhukhula, khipha amanzi. Engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu yomgodi ombiwe wokutshala isihlahla sama-apula, bhoboza isiteshi size sifike kumamitha ayi-1.5, usigcwalise ngohlaka noma ngesitini esiphukile.
Ngokufanele gcwalisa inhlabathi ngokugqoka okuphezulu okulungiselelwe okwenziwe nge-peat, humus kanye namanyolo wamaminerali... Lapho inhlabathi izinza, futhi lokhu kungathatha amasonto amabili, qala ukutshala isitshalo esisha.
Ungasijulisi isithombo se-apula ngokujula kakhulu lapho utshala, indawo lapho impande idlulela esiqwini somuthi kufanele ibe ngu-5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Bophela isihlahla esikhonkwaneni, ngaleyo ndlela yakha indlela efanele yokukhula kwayo. Mboza izimpande kahle ngenhlabathi namanzi ngobuningi.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, yondla isihlahla se-apula esitshaliwe nganoma yisiphi isisebenzisi sokukhula kwezimpande ukuze sikhuthaze ukukhula kwaso futhi sisisize sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimpande.
Ukuze umqhele wesihlahla ukhule ngokushesha, lapho utshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi usike amagatsha esithombo ngesithathu.
Ngokuthenga isithombo somuthi wama-apula uKandil Orlovsky entwasahlobo, usike amagatsha ngokushesha, kepha izimpande azikwazi ukuthintwa... Isikhathi sokusinda kwayo sincike kwinani lezimpande.
Uma uthole isithombo esinezimpande ezibuthakathaka, susa cishe wonke amaqabunga kuso, kusale kuphela u-10% wengqikithi.
Ukunakekela
Ngenxa yomumo wayo, umuthi wezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe awudingi ukusika izihlahla ukwakha umqhele... Amahlumela alimele futhi omile anqunywa kuphela ezihlahleni zama-apula ezindala ukuze kuvuselelwe isitshalo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukusika kufika ku-80% wombala onyakeni wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala., lokhu kuzosiza isihlahla ukuthi sigxile kangcono futhi sisheshe.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, kufanelekile ukuqhuba inqubo yokulinganisa isivuno: ukusika "amaqabunga aluhlaza" athe xaxa, okungukuthi, amancane, asethwe kamuva, amasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi, izithelo.
Uma ungakwenzi lokhu kusebenza, isihlahla uqobo lwaso sizolahla okweqile, kepha izithelo ezisele ngemuva kokuvuthwa zizoba ncane futhi zingabi mnandi kangako.
Ngokujwayela isivuno ngale ndlela, ungazama lahla umuthi othelayo ngonyaka - ngonyaka.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-apula
Isihlahla se-apula sikaKandil Orlovsky siyathandwa ngoba simelana ngokuphelele notwayi, sinokuzivikela ezifweni zefungal, ngakho-ke sisindisa abalimi ezinkingeni eziningi.
Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile ingahlaselwa ama-aphid, i-apple beetle ne-sawfly.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane, shisa amagatsha owomile, amaqabunga, phatha umuthi ngama-insecticide.
Njengoba ukhethe lokhu kuhluka okungathobeki ngokweqile engadini, okungadingi ukunakekelwa okungathi sína, uzokwazi ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu ngomzamo omncane, ngemuva kokuthola isivuno esikhulu sezithelo ngokunambitheka okuhle nokwethulwa.