Uma utshala utamatisi ngezinga lezimboni, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlobo zilungele ukuvuna ngomshini. Enye yalezi yiRio Grande. Izinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi zinezinzuzo eziningi ezaziswa kakhulu kubahlali basehlobo nabanikazi bezindlu zezwe.
Incazelo kanye nezimpawu zikatamatisi waseRio Grande
Ake siqale ngencazelo. Isitshalo sohlobo olunqumayo esinenkathi yezimila yezinsuku eziyi-110-120 siboniswa ukumelana nengcindezi nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo endaweni yonke. Ukuphakama kwehlathi akuvamile ukudlula ama-70 cm, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bezolimo abuhlinzeki nge-garter. Utamatisi ohlangene onenani elilinganisiwe lamahlamvu awudingi ukucinana.
Isikhathi sokuthela siqhubeka sonke isikhathi sehlobo. Izithelo ezisesimweni sikakhilimu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe zizuza isisindo kusuka kuma-70 kuye ku-150 amagremu... Inyama yombala obomvu omuhle inesakhiwo esinyene, esenza imifino ilungele ukomiswa nokumiswa. Isivuno sisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasoso nama-ketchup. Ukunambitheka okumnandi okunomuncu omncane kuthokozwa ochwepheshe bezokupheka abavela emazweni amaningi omhlaba.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingumsebenzi wabafuyi abangamaDashi. Isitshalo lesi senzelwe ukuthi silinywe emhlabathini ovulekile nangaphansi kwesembozo (ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasezindaweni zokugcina izithombo). Isivuno esihlahleni ngasinye singu-4.5-5.8 kg.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ukuze wakhe umbono mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zeRio Grande, kufanelekile ukucubungula izici zayo ezizuzisayo. Phakathi kwalezi eziyinhloko:
- ukunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba (asikho isidingo se-garter ne-pinching);
- ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu, isimo sezulu esibi;
- amasosha omzimba aqinile okumelana nokutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane;
- ukunambitheka okuthakazelisayo;
- ukuguquguquka kwesithelo;
- isikhathi sokuthela kulo lonke ihlobo;
- impilo yeshalofu ende yesitshalo, ukuhanjiswa okuhle.
Utamatisi awunazithiyo ezisobala, yize abanye abalimi bephawula i-juiciness ephansi. Leli qiniso kungenxa yesakhiwo esinyene soginindela, esaziswa ekukhiqizeni i-ketchup namasosi.
Izici zokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala imbewu
Inhlabathi ikhethwe ngesakhiwo esilula, esivundile (i-substrate yendawo yonke noma ingxube yomhlaba we-sod ne-humus kufanelekile). Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyashiswa kuhhavini noma iniselwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate sokukhipha igciwane.
Lapho utshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, umbhede wensimu ulungiswa ekwindla, umba futhi ungeze ama-humus. Entwasahlobo, umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziselwa ukucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo... Izimbobo zenziwa ngaphansi kwembewu ebangeni elingu-40 cm.Ngasemaphethelweni emibhede, kufakwa amabhodi avela emabhodini, ngosizo lwayo ifilimu elungiswe njengendawo yokukhosela. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamabili amaqabunga amaqabunga, izithombo zifakwa emigodini ehlukene.
Ungayikhetha kanjani imbewu efanelekile yokutshala?
Kunconywa ukuthenga imbewu ezitolo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukucutshungulwa okuphelele kwendaba, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Akudingekile ukufeza ukubulala amagciwane futhi ungene ekhaya ukuze uvuse ukukhula.
Lapho ukhetha okusanhlamvu, kufanele uqale ufunde imininingwane ilebula, ekhombisa imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi nezinye izincomo. Ngemuva kokukhipha okusanhlamvu emaphaketheni, izinhlamvu ezinempilo nezinkulu kufanele zikhethwe. Uma kukhona izilonda ezitholakalayo, ukukhishwa kuyenziwa.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Uma usebenzisa indlela yokuhlwanyela, ukuhlwanyela kuhlelwe ekuqaleni noma maphakathi no-Mashi (izinsuku ezingama-60 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ensimini).
Ngenhlabathi, sebenzisa iziqukathi noma amabhokisi enkuni angaphansi kobude obungu-10 cm. Izinkomishi zepulasitiki namabhodwe kungasetshenziswa futhi. Ngaphansi kwesitsha kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze kukhishwe umswakama omningi ngesikhathi sokuchelela.
Phezulu kwenhlabathi, izifutho ezincane zenziwa ngomunwe (ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-2 cm) ngesikhawu esingamasentimitha ama-4-6. Izimbewu ezimbili zifakwa emgodini ngamunye. Ngaphezulu, zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-peat.
Ukwakha izimo ezifanele zokuhluma kwembewu, udinga ukufafaza izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele (ngokulinganisela), bese umboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngefoyili. Umbuso wezinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokuhluma kufanele ube ngama-23-25 °. Lapho nje kuvela izithombo, isitsha sifakwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, futhi izinga lokushisa lehliselwe ku-18-20 °. Ukuvimbela amahlumela ekululekeni kakhulu, kungcono ukwehlisa inkomba yasebusuku iye ku-16 °.
Ngokukhanya okunganele, izithombo ngeke zikhule ngokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke udinga ukufaka ukukhanya okwengeziwe (isibani se-fluorescent) ngaphezu kombhede ongahluziwe.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-2 kumahlumela, izithombo kufanele zicwiliswe, okusho ukuthi, faka impande ngayinye esitsheni esihlukile. Izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ngaphambi kokudluliswa kwezithombo ziye ensimini, kwenziwa inqubo yokuqina yokuzivumelanisa kangcono endaweni entsha.
Ukufakelwa kabusha ukuvula umhlaba
Ukudluliswa kwezithombo ku-greenhouse kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ku-10 Meyi. Amahlumela amancane atshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kusukela ngomhla ka-20 Meyi kuya maphakathi noJuni. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe, ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile kuyenziwa.
Izitshalo zibhekwa njengabanduleli abahamba phambili bezinhlobonhlobo zeRio Grande: amakhambi, imidumba, iklabishi, ulethisi.
Utamatisi utshalwa emigqeni enesikhawu esingama-35-45 cm noma indlela yokubeka izidleke ngokwesikimu esingu-40x50 cm.Ukujula kwemigodi kungama-10-15 cm.Akubekwa amahlumela angaphezu kwayi-6 nge-1 m2. Inhlanganisela ye-peat, i-ash ash ne-humus iqale ithululelwe ekhefini, bese kuthi ihlumela licwiliswe.
Ukunakekelwa kokuthunyelwa ngemuva
Utamatisi waseRio Grande kulula kakhulu ukuwunakekela, ngisho nensimu engenalwazi ingakhula futhi ithathe isivuno esihle. Imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ikulengxenye elandelayo.
Ukunisela
Ungagudluli umhlabathi lapho utshala utamatisi, lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwezifo zefungal. Kwanele ukuchelela kanye ngesonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Ukuvama kwanda kuphela ngesomiso. Izinga loketshezi ehlathini ngalinye okungenani amalitha ama-5. Kunconywa ukuthi ungagcwalisi amahlamvu ngesikhathi sokunisela ukuze angaguquki.
Ukhula nokhukulula
Utamatisi waseRio Grande uthanda inhlabathi evulekile, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe i-aeration njalo (kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15). Ngasikhathi sinye ngokuxega, kwenziwa ukhula, kususwa ukhula. Ukucwiliswa kwensimbi okungenani ku-5-7 cm.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayeluleka, ngemuva kokukhipha ukhula lokuqala noma lwesibili, ukuthi bahlanze izihlahla ukuze bandise isivuno.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngemuva kokufaka amahlumela embhedeni ovulekile, ukondla okuvamile kwenziwa:
- okokuqala inhlabathi yondliwa ngesisombululo se-mullein (1: 5) noma ubulembu bezinyoni (1:15);
- ukudla kwesibili okuhambisanayo kwethulwa emasontweni amabili kamuva (ngebhakede lamanzi 25 g. i-ammonium nitrate, i-15 g. usawoti we-potassium, ama-60 g. i-superphosphate ne-1 g. i-boric acid);
- ingxenye yesithathu yokudla ingezwa emavikini ambalwa (ama-gramu angama-30 enitrate, amagremu angama-70 kasawoti we-potassium, amagremu angama-40 e-superphosphate ancibilikiswa kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi).
Ukudla okuhambisanayo okulandelayo kuqukethe isisombululo somlotha wokhuni (wamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi u-200 gr. Umlotha).
Ukuthunga ingadi
Masinyane ngemuva kokufaka izithombo, umbhede wensimu uyahlanganiswa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuchelela njalo futhi kunciphise ukhula.
Amaphutha okunakekela
Abalimi abaningi benza amaphutha angenangqondo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungathinta kabi isivuno. Phakathi kwalezi eziyinhloko:
- ukondla ngokweqile ngomanyolo (ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen), okubandakanya ukukhula okunamandla kweziqongwana;
- ukuqina kwemibhede, kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus;
- ukusika amahlumela ukuze wakhe isihlahla (izinhlobonhlobo azidingi inqubo, ngenxa yokusika amagatsha, isivuno sincipha);
- ukutshala utamatisi eduze nophizi noma amazambane (izitshalo azihambisani).
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Ukuzivikela okuqinile kuvumela izinhlobonhlobo ukumelana nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuvimbela. Uma sikhuluma ngokulima endaweni yokugcina izithombo, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukubuyisela inhlabathi minyaka yonke ekupheleni kwesizini (ungqimba okungenani lwama-25-30 cm luyasuswa). Udinga nokuhlinzeka ngokungenisa umoya okuhle lapho utshala utamatisi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imibhede evulekile iyaniselwa ngamanzi abilayo noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate yokuhlushwa okuphansi... Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo ziphathwa njalo ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo (ngokwesibonelo, iFitosporin) noma amakhambi wesintu ukuvimbela izifo zefungal noma izinambuzane.
Izifo ezilandelayo zibeka usongo olukhulu kutamatisi:
- okulimaza sekwephuzile;
- ukubola okumpunga nokumhlophe;
- igciwane likaMose.
Isikhunta negciwane kuvame ukutheleleka ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke akufanele unganaki uhlelo lokwethulwa kokufakwa kukamanyolo, kanye nokuweqa ngenani likamanyolo.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kukhona:
- ibhere;
- Ibhungane laseColorado;
- ama-slugs;
- i-aphid.
Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukususa ngokucophelela imfucumfucu yemifino emibhedeni ekwindla. Kuyo, izibungu nabantu abadala bezinambuzane babekezelela ngokuphelele amakhaza asebusika. Ngaphambi kwamaqhwa okuqala, umhlabathi udinga ukumbiwa ukuvula izidleke zezinambuzane... Lokhu kuzokhipha iningi lama-parasites. Entwasahlobo, emaphandleni, kufanele utshale izitshalo ezixosha izinambuzane eziningi: ama-marigolds, ama-marigolds, i-oregano, njll. Uma kunesidingo, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwelashwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeRio Grande kulula kakhulu ukuzinakekela, zinamandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezithile, okuwusizo oluhle kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Uma wenza umzamo omncane, khona-ke isitshalo ngokuqinisekile sizobonga umnikazi oshisekayo ngesivuno esivulekile.