Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi isakhiwo somuntu siqu asikhulu, futhi abanikazi bafuna isivuno esikhulu. Noma utamatisi utshalwa ukuthengiswa futhi udinga imbuyiselo ephezulu ehlathini ngalinye... Yini okufanele uyenze ukukhulisa isivuno? Lokhu kubuyekeza kuchaza ngokuningiliziwe inqubo efanelekile yokukhulisa utamatisi ngokwendlela yeMaslov.
Ingqikithi yotamatisi okhulayo ngokwendlela yeMaslov
Ngo-1985, umagazini i-Household Economy wakhipha isihloko esithi Izimpande ezifuna inhlabathi. Umbhali wayo, umlimi wezimfundamakhwela waseKaliningrad ngaseMoscow, I.M. UMaslov uchaze ngokuningiliziwe indlela yakhe yokuthola isivuno esikhulu sotamatisi ngokuvuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Kwakususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi ezimweni zemvelo, isihlahla setamatisi sisakazeka emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kulula ngaye ukuthi athuthukise izimpande futhi agcine izithelo zivuthwa kakhulu. Futhi abalimi, ukusindisa indawo yokutshala, bavame ukuzalela izinhlobo ezinde ngezithelo ezinkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo siphila ngempande engakhuli kahle, futhi isivuno siphula amagatsha aso.
Isiphakamiso sikaMaslov sokulinganisa sathola impendulo enhle futhi sisasetshenziswa ngokuphepha njengesisebenzayo.
Kudala ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwendatshana, kwasetshenziswa inqubo efanayo yezolimo eningizimu yeRussia yethu ukutshala utamatisi owomile emathafeni.
Izithombo zazitshalwa emigodini ejulile futhi ziniselwa kanye kuphela, lapho kutshalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho avele akhafula futhi ambozwe ngomquba. Lesi sitshalo, ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya onamandla nelanga, sasabalala emhlabathini futhi sakha izimpande kahle sifuna umswakama. Ukuvuna kwakuhlala kuningi, utamatisi wayephakathi ngosayizi, emnandi futhi enesikhumba esijiyile.
UMaslov uphakamise izindlela ezimbili ezintsha zokutshala lapho isitshalo singakhula khona uhlelo lwempande ngokulingana nokuvuthwa kwesithelo.
Indlela yokuqala yokwengeza isivuno
Ukutshala okuvundlile kuzobonakala kulula ngisho nakumuntu onolwazi oluncane ekukhuleni kwezitshalo:
- utamatisi izithombo zibheka faka ku-greenhouse engashisiukuthola isiqu esiqinile esinde;
- bese kuba yena idluliselwe emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho betshalwe khona emseleni olele ukuze kungabi yimpande kuphela, kepha futhi neziqu ezimbili zokuqala zimbozwe ngomhlaba (amaqabunga kufanele asuswe kuwo);
- indawo yesithombo kufanele ibe khona ngokuqinile eningizimu - lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukuphuma kalula sibheke ekukhanyeni kwelanga;
- Lapho isithombo simbozwa kakhulu ngenhlabathi, indawo eyengeziwe yokwakheka kwezimpande.
Le ndlela ibuye ixazulule inkinga yezithombo ezincanyana, ezihlanganisiwe okunzima ukuzitshala zibheke phezulu. Lapho kubekwa ngale ndlela, izihlahla ezibuthakathaka zizothola amandla ngokushesha futhi zikhuphuke. Ungatshala izithombo ezimbili ndawonye ngasikhathi sinye.
Lapho utshala, faka umanyolo nge-humus futhi uqiniseke ukuthi wengeza i-superphosphate ukuze uvuselele uhlelo lwempande.
Ngendlela, uMaslov waqaphela ukuthi utamatisi uthanda ukufakelwa. Uncome ukuthi esigabeni sokulinywa kwasendlini, uzitshube kabili, isikhathi ngasinye ujule futhi wandise ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo ukuze uqinise impande.
Indlela yesibili yokutshala kahle
Ukugwema ukuncina utamatisi ngokuthanda ukwakheka kwezimpande:
- iziqu ezingezansi akufanele zisuswe, kodwa akhule;
- lapho isihlahla esikhulu sithela izithelo zokuqala, susa amaqabunga ezinganeni zokutholwa futhi, ugoba phansi, uwulungise (ungavele uwuphine ngehhuku locingo) bese ulifafaza ngaphezulu nomhlaba;
- ukuze kungakhiwa i-shading eqinile maphakathi nehlathi, amahlumela kufanele agobe kude nesiqu ngangokunokwenzeka;
- izingane zokutholwa zizokhula ngokushesha okukhulu, izithelo zokuqala zizovela kubo emasontweni ambalwa kamuva kunesiqu esikhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngeke bacindezelane - utamatisi uzohlala uyisitshalo esisodwa esinezimpande ezivamile. Indlela ibizwa ngokuthi - ikhula ngeziqu ezintathu.
Ukuze uhlelo lwempande lukhule kangcono, ngesikhathi sokuqaqa, izihlahla zikatamatisi zingacindezelwa kancane, njengamazambane, lokhu kuzobazuzisa.
Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi lezi zindlela ezimbili azihambelani ngakunye. Ungatshala isihlahla ngokuvundlile, bese kamuva usiphule istepons.
Izinzuzo nobubi bokutshala utamatisi usebenzisa le ndlela
Inqubo kaMaslov ilungele ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezikhula kancane (ezinqumayo) nezinkulu. Ngemuva kokutshala okuvundlile, utamatisi awudingi indlela ekhethekile, zingabhekwa njengenjwayelo.
Ubuchwepheshe buvumela ukusebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezingaphansi. Kuyasiza ukutshala izinhlobo ezibizayo ngale ndlela, ezithengiswa ngezimbewu ezimbalwa nje esikhwameni.
Ngezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zokutshala ngeziqu ezintathu, udinga ukunaka amanye amaphuzu:
- izithelo zotamatisi okhula kancane ngokutshala okunjalo zisondele emhlabathini, angabola; ukugwema lokhu, indlela elula ukusabalalisa utshani obusha, obuzogcina umswakama emhlabathini ngasikhathi sinye;
- ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuniseleni - qiniseka ukuthi kunamanzi anele, kepha umhlaba awuhlali unomswakama ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kungcono ukusungula ukuchelela ngenkasa noma ukuchelela ngemisele yokunisela.
- notamatisi abangaphansi yehla ngosayizi izithelo ngokwandisa inani lazo.
- abanye abalimi bakholelwa lokho le ndlela ayixazululi inkinga yesikhala: ngokwanda kwesivuno esihlahleni esisodwa, ivolumu yamatamatisi ethathwe kusayithi lonke ayishintshi. Kepha banabaphikisi abaningi, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukujwayelana nesipiliyoni sabanye abalimi.
Utamatisi omude ongapheli, okhiqiza isikhathi sonke sokukhula - uzuzisa ikakhulukazi ukukhula ngeziqu ezintathu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukutshalwa endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Zikhula zifike kumamitha amabili, ngakho-ke zidinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe. Ngemuva kokujulisa ama-stepon amadala, bonke abanye bazoqala ukwakha ama-ovari. Ukuncinza okukhathele kungashiywa ngokuphelele, futhi isivuno siyamangalisa.
Isihlahla esineziqu ezintathu sizokwenza ukusebenza kwendlu yokushisa kuphumelele kakhudlwana, ngoba izithelo zakheka futhi zivuthwe ekuphakameni konke kwesitshalo.
Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe i-garter emnene yotamatisi onjalo. Indlela elula ukwehlisa izihibe zemichilo yenayiloni kusuka ophahleni lwengqimba yabalimi ngokuhlukile kudubula ngalunye.
Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zamatamatisi
Utamatisi omude wokutshalwa kokushisa okushisa, ukuvuthwa kokuqala naphakathi - kutshalwe ngokwendlela echaziwe, kuzonikeza isivuno esikhulu. Uma i-greenhouse ishisa, khona-ke ingavunwa ngempumelelo isikhathi eside kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zetamatisi ezedlule. Ngokukhula ngokwendlela kaMaslov, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungile:
Isiqhwaga saseRussia
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa okulingene. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo eziphuzi nezibomvu. Izithelo zikhulu kakhulu, zilungele ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nezifo, zinesiqu esinamandla.
Isiqhwaga sase-Ukraine
Izikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa okulingene. Izithelo zibomvu ngombala, ziyinyama, zinkulu, igcinwe kahle.
Isidlakela
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa okulingene ngesiqu esinamandla, ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Utamatisi oyinyama omile oyindilinga oyindilinga, ubamboze kancane, ubomvu ngokugqamile. Futhi zilungele ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa okusha.
Izithelo zazo zonke lezi zinhlobo zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-600-650 amagremu. Ukuze uzikhulise zikhulu, ngaphezu kwe-garter yehlathi, unganakekela nezindunduma zezithelo - amasaka anezikhala azobamba utamatisi ngesisindo ngenkathi ethelwa futhi evuthiwe.
Ukwahlulela ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bokutshala ngokusho kukaMaslov kungcono ngokuya ngesipiliyoni sakho nezinhlobo zakho ozithandayo. Ngoba ukufunda imfundiso akwanele ukufeza imiphumela, usadinga ukwazi ukubuka izitshalo nokuthola iziphetho.