Ama-Strawberries amajikijolo amahle ensimini. Izakhiwo zalo zokwelapha zaziwa ngamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, limnandi futhi limnandi. Izingane ziyayithanda futhi abantu abadala abanankinga ngokuzama.
Kepha ngisho nasemibhedeni elungiswe kahle, ama-strawberry engadi awavikelekile ekubukekeni kwezifo nezinambuzane. Uma ungalwi nabo, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle.
Izifo ze-Strawberry nokwelashwa okusebenzayo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kufanele kuliwe nokulwa nezifo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Izinyathelo ezisheshayo zithathwa, isivuno siyanda.
I-Fusarium nokulimaza sekwephuzile kuma-strawberry
Isifo se-Fusarium siholela ekubuneni kwamaqabunga. Uphawu lwayo lokuqala yi-necrosis emaphethelweni epuleti leqabunga, ngemuva kwalokho iqabunga liguqula umbala kancane kancane libe nsundu futhi liphele ngokuphelele. Ungabona ukulimala sekwephuzile esitshalweni ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- izihlahla zisalele emuva kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni;
- isikhungo sehlathi siba bomvu;
- amaqabunga aba mpunga;
- emaphethelweni epuleti leqabunga asontekile phezulu, akha isitsha;
- uhlelo lwempande luyafa.
Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo ezinobungozi ezinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela inqubo yokulima nokushintsha indawo yensimu njalo eminyakeni emine.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlamvu zesikhunta se-pathogenic ziyanqwabelana emhlabathini nasezimpandeni zama-strawberry. Izinto ezinempilo kuphela ezikhethelwa ukubeka umbhede omusha. Futhi, ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuphatha uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Izihlahla ezibonisa izimpawu zomonakalo zingacekelwa phansi ngokushesha.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Isikhunta se-Powdery sinciphisa kakhulu isivuno, sithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Unganquma ukuvela kwayo kuma-strawberry ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- amaqabunga ahlanganiswe esikebheni;
- umbala wepuleti leqabunga uyashintsha, uphenduka onsomi;
- ukuqhuma okumhlophe kwe-powdery kuvela ebusweni bamaqabunga kanye namajikijolo;
- amajikijolo aba mancane futhi akhubazeke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo asivumeli isitshalo ukuthi sithole impova ngokujwayelekile, okunciphisa isivuno. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinokunambitheka nephunga elingathandeki, okusikhumbuza kakhulu iphunga lokubola.
Kufanele ulwe nalesi sifo ngokushesha. Ukufafaza okuvimbelayo kwenziwa kaningana ngesizini. Isikhathi sokuqala lesi sitshalo siphathwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bese kuqala ukuqala kokuhluma nangemva kokuvuna.
Umbhede uphathwa ngamalungiselelo ngethusi, isisombululo sensipho sengezwa kubo njenge-adhesive. Ukufafaza, i-copper sulfate, i-Bordeaux liquid noma amalungiselelo asuselwa kuwo asetshenziswa.
Ukubola okumpunga
Isikhunta esimpunga yisifo sefungal esonakalisa isivuno sonke ngokushesha. Izimpawu zesifo:
- amabala amnyama ansundu ezithelweni ezikhula ngokushesha;
- ukuqhuma okuluhlaza ngezithelo;
- amaqanda neziqu ziyoma;
- amacembe ambozwe ngamabala ansundu noma ampunga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esitshalweni esithintekile, izithelo ze-sitrobheli zoma ngokushesha futhi zigwinye, kanti lesi sifo siqhubeka ngamandla ezihlahleni ezisencane.
Njengokulwa nokubola okumpunga, ukufafaza okuvimbelayo ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux kusetshenziswa kabili ngesizini, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna. Kubalulekile futhi ukubona ukujikeleza kwesitshalo, gcwalisa inhlabathi ngokhuni lwezinhlobo ze-coniferous, futhi uvame ukhula njalo.
Indawo yamahlamvu ansundu
Isifo esikhohlisayo sibhubhisa yonke insimu ye-sitrobheli ngesikhathi esifushane. Kulula ukuyichaza:
- amabala amancane ansundu avela ebusweni beqabunga, akha ngokushesha indawo eyodwa enkulu;
- kancane kancane amaqabunga esitshalo esithintekile aphuzi futhi abune.
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo zifuthwa ngamalungiselelo ethusi. Ngemuva kokuvuna, ukucubungula kuyaphindwa futhi.
Ibala elimhlophe
Isifo se-fungal sibonakala ngamabala amhlophe acacile emaqabunga esitshalo, umphetho wale ndawo umnyama ngombala. Amachashazi awahlangani endaweni eyodwa, kepha amaqabunga athintekile ayafa kancane kancane.
Ukulwa ne-ejenti ebangela lesi sifo kwenziwa minyaka yonke, abathathi nje kuphela ukufafaza okuvikela, kepha futhi banakekela ingadi njalo. Gada isimo senhlabathi, khipha ukhula.
Abalimi abanesipiliyoni beluleka ukusika yonke ingxenye yasemoyeni yesitshalo ngemuva kokuvuna, kusale kuphela "inhliziyo" yehlathi. Amaqabunga amadala ayashiswa ukuze kubulawe amagciwane nezimuncagazi. Umhlabathi osembhedeni wensimu uyadedelwa futhi welashelwe izifo. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izihlahla zimbozwa amaqabunga aphilile, ahamba ngawo ebusika. Yenza inqubo kungakadluli u-Agasti.
Yiziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi kuma-strawberry engadi futhi ngani?
Hhayi izifo kuphela, kepha nezilokazane ezikudlayo eziqeda amajikijolo namaqabunga esitshalo kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Amabheshi aqapheleka emuva ekukhuleni, izimbali ziyabambezeleka. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwenziwa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kokuvikela kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa ezinye izifutho ezintathu noma ezine.
I-Strawberry nematode
I-strawberry nematode ikhiqiza ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuvimbela lesi sinambuzane ukuthi singangeni esizeni, qiniseka ukusebenzisa izithombo ezinempilo kuphela. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, kuhlelwa ishawa esihlukile, esibulala izibungu ze-nematode.
Izihlahla zicwiliswa esitsheni samanzi ashisayo, izinga lokushisa lakhona lingama-degree angama-45, bese zigcinwa imizuzu eyishumi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithombo zipholile ngokushesha emanzini e-ice. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho beqala khona ukutshala izitshalo. Umgodi wokutshala ugcwaliswa kuqala nge-lime.
Uma ngabe inkathazo isivele ixazululwe kusayithi, khona-ke izihlahla ezithintekayo zimbiwe zishiswe. Kulula ukubona izihlahla ezinesifo:
- izihlahla ezincane zikhubazekile, ziba brittle;
- amahlumela kanye nama-internode ajiya;
- izimbali cishe azikho;
- izithelo zincane futhi zimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumba isihlahla, ungabona izikelemu ezincane ezimpandeni zaso, ubude bazo obungadluli ku-1 mm. Lesi yisinambuzane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Strawberry mite ne-shrub
I-mite ye-sitrobheli ithelela amaqabunga esitshalo, bese iqala ukulimaza kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imunca ujusi kusuka kumahlumela amancane ama-strawberry.
Abesifazane bezinambuzane bazolile ebusika emhlabathini, entwasahlobo bafika ebusweni bese bahlala phansi ehlathini. Izimpawu zokulimala kwama-strawberry:
- amaqabunga amancane esitshalo akhubazekile, abe yi-terry emaphethelweni;
- kancane kancane ipuleti leqabunga liyashwabana;
- isitshalo simbozwe ukuqhuma okunamafutha;
- amajikijolo aba mancane, isivuno siyancipha.
Izihlahla ezithinteke kakhulu ziyamba zishiswe. Ezimpawu zokuqala zokubonakala kwesinambuzane, amalungiselelo aqukethe isulphur ayasetshenziswa. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ungafafaza ama-strawberry nge-infusion ye-dandelion ne-tomato eziqongweni.
Ukufakwa kwe-Dandelion kulungiselelwe kusuka kuzinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha. Amaqabunga achotshoziwe futhi agcwaliswe ngamanzi ashisayo, izinga lokushisa okungekho ngaphezu kuka-50C. Ingxube ifakwa amahora angaba ngu-4, bese ihlungwa futhi isetshenziswe njengokuyalelwa. Ibhakede elingu-10 litre lisebenzisa ama-1 kg amaqabunga.
Ukumnika amaqabunga katamatisi kulungiswa kusuka kumahlumela omile, avunwa ekwindla. Ikhilogremu elilodwa leziqongolo lithelwa ngamanzi ashisayo (amalitha ayi-10) bese lifakwa amahora amane. Ngemuva kwalokho, isixazululo siyabiliswa amahora amabili, sipholile siphinde sihlungwe. Isixazululo esisebenzayo sihlanjululwe u-1: 2 futhi kufakwa insipho yokuwasha egayiwe.
Ungayelapha kanjani i-berry evela ku-spider mite?
Imvamisa engadini bayaqaphela ukuthi amaqabunga esitrobheli engadini abhajwe kubulembu obuncane, anciphisa ukukhula kancane kancane bese ayoma. Iphethwe yisicabucabu. Isinambuzane simunca ubisi lwesitshalo, okuholela ekufeni, isivuno siyehla.
Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zomonakalo, umbhede wensimu ufafazwa ngokushesha ngokufakwa komhlonyane nogwayi. Ilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo nokufakwa kwe-dandelion. Uma isikhathi siphuthelwe, umbhede ungalashwa nge-karbofos noma iFitoverm.
Ukulawulwa kwe-aphid kuma-strawberry
Lesi silokazane sibonakala ngeso lenyama. Amaqabunga e-curl yesitshalo, omile kancane kancane, izimbali ziyabambezeleka, izithelo zikhubazekile.
Ezindleleni zabantu zokulwa nama-aphid, ukumnika i-garlic kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Amakhanda ayaxotshwa futhi achotshoziwe. Thela ugarlic ngamanzi e-ice (amalitha ama-3) bese ufaka ingxube isonto elilodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho isixazululo siyahlungwa sisetshenziselwe injongo ebekelwe yona.
Iminyovu
Iminyovu ibuye ihluphe isitshalo se-sitrobheli ngokudla amajikijolo amnandi. Ukuze uziqede, insimu ibekwa izithiyelo ezikhethekile ezimnandi.
Izinyoni
Ezinye izinyoni zithanda ukugcobhoza ama-strawberry. Beka iscracrow noma amabhodlela epulasitiki ezikhonkosini engadini. Lokhu kuzothusa omakhelwane abacasulayo.
Khumbula, uma isikhathi sesilahlekile, khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukunqoba lesi sifo nezinambuzane, ukwelashwa ezimweni eziningi kungahle kungasebenzi. Hlola imibhede ngesikhathi esifanele, susa ukhula, yenza ukwelashwa kokuvikela izihlahla ze-sitrobheli ekwindla, susa izitshalo ezithintekile ngaphandle kokuzisola.