Ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke kwalesi siza kokutshala izitshalo ezahlukahlukene kuyawunciphisa kakhulu umhlabathi. Ukubuyisela ukuzala kwayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo ngezikhathi ezithile. Umquba ungenye yezinhlobo zokudla ezifinyeleleka kakhulu ezinokwakheka okunothile kwezakhamzimba. Umanyolo onjalo ungenziwa ezweni ngezandla zakho.
Yini umquba
Umquba ungenye yezinhlobo zomanyolo ophilayo ongavunwa ngokuzimela, kusetshenziswa imfucuza ehlukahlukene yasendlini neyesitshalo. Ukwakheka kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuqukethe amaminerali nezinto ezibalulekile zokulandela umkhondo kulingana ne-humus. Ingxube yezakhi yenziwe ilungele ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa nomswakama. Inqwaba yomquba ikhonjwa ngesiphenduli esiphilayo semvelo. Inqubo yokuguqula imfucuza ibe ngumkhiqizo obalulekile onomsoco kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuncane kwamagciwane.
Ukwenza umquba akuyona inqubo ekhandlayo, kepha ubuchwepheshe bunezici ezithile. Ukwakheka okulungile kuphela okwazi ukubuyisela ubungqabavu bomhlabathi, kwandise ukuthela kwawo futhi kuthuthukise ukwakheka kwawo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka nezindlela zokuvuna umanyolo ophilayo. Ingadi ngayinye enolwazi inezimfihlo zayo ezikhethekile, eziqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, inhlanganisela yezingxenye ezithile, njll.
Kulabo abangazange banakekele ukuhlela umgodi womquba kusengaphambili, i-humus ehlanganisiwe inikezwa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanele ukuqoqa imininingwane mayelana nomkhiqizi, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathola umphumela ongathathi hlangothi noma omubi ngemuva kokufaka umquba emhlabeni.
Kwenziwe ngani
Akunandaba ukuthi ukunikezwa okulinga ukuthenga umquba owenziwe ngomumo kungakanani, ungathembela ngokuphelele kumkhiqizo ozilungiselele wona. Ukuthola umanyolo ongaphilayo, ungasebenzisa:
- udoti nokuhlanzwa kwemifino / izithelo;
- amagobolondo amaqanda (avela emaqandeni angakaze athole ukwelashwa kokushisa);
- ukuphuza itiye, izinkundla zekhofi;
- usike utshani;
- amaqabunga omile;
- umhlanga;
- umquba wemfuyo, ubulongwe bezinyoni;
- amahlumela amancane, iziqu;
- iphepha, izindwangu zemvelo, izimpaphe (izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifakwe shredded);
- utshani, ukushefa, amakhoba ezinhlamvu.
Zonke noma ingxenye yezithako zigcwaliswa ebhokisini noma emgodini ngendlela ethile. Ukuqala inqubo yokuvutshelwa, kuyadingeka ukudala umbuso wokushisa omuhle nomswakama ophezulu.
Izithako ezilandelayo akumele zibekwe kumhlanganisi noma emgodini:
- imfucuza yemifino nezithelo eziphethwe ukushisa (cishe azikho izinto ezilusizo zokulandelela kuzo, ukwakheka kuzoba okungenamsoco);
- ukhula (zonke izinhlobo zokhula zinezinto ezinobuthi noma ezinobuthi eziyingozi emhlabathini nasezitshalweni);
- izitshalo ezithinteka kunoma yisiphi isifo noma inkathazo (umquba onento enjalo uzobangela ukusabalala kwesifo emhlabathini nasezitshalweni);
- izinto zokwenziwa (awukho ngaphansi kwenqubo yokubola nokubola);
- udoti wamawolintshi (Amafutha abalulekile avimbela izinqubo zokubola, inani elikhulu lama-crust angakhuphula i-asidi yenhlabathi).
Ngokwamahemuhemu adumile, ungangeza indle yezinja, amakati, nokugcwaliswa kwendlu yangasese emqubeni. Ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemfucuza, ngoba izibungu eziyingozi empilweni yabantu zingatholakala kwimfucumfucu yezilwane. Njengoba zisendaweni efudumele nenomswakama, zisinda ngokuphelele, bese zigcwalisa ngempumelelo ama-raspberry, ama-strawberry nezinye izithelo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ukuqonda izinzuzo ezigcwele zokusebenzisa umquba, udinga ukucubungula imiphumela yako emhlabathini nasezitshalweni.
- Umquba uqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali ayigugu kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo ngesilinganiso esifanele. Lapho ingena emhlabathini, inqubo esheshayo yokuhleleka komzimba ivela, ngenxa yalokho ukuntuleka kwezinto ezingekho kubuyiselwa masinyane.
- Izinto eziphilayo, uma zihlangene nenhlabathi, zakha isakhiwo esisodwa. Ngemuva kokunisela kakhulu noma kwezimvula, ama-micronutrients ahlala ngaphezulu, ngokungafani nomanyolo wezimbiwa, ohlala ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi.
- Umquba ulungele umswakama nomoya, okumvumela ukuthi athuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kohlelo lwempande.
- Umanyolo uqukethe inani elikhulu lama-humus, okwandisa ukuthela komhlaba.
- Cishe akunakwenzeka ukunqoba ngokweqile izitshalo ngezinto eziphilayo. Zonke izingxenye zinemvelaphi yemvelo. Bathola izinqubo zokubola kwemvelo ngaphandle kokuvala inhlabathi ngobuthi obuhlukahlukene.
- Umquba owenziwe ngamanyolo womanyolo okungabizi kakhulu indlela yokucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo.
Umquba awunazithiyo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi lapho uhlela inqwaba yomgodi noma umgodi, udinga ukukhetha indawo kude nendawo yokuzilibazisa nekhaya, ngoba inqubo yokubola ihambisana nokukhululwa kwephunga elibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nto iheha izimpukane, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane. Ukuhlelwa kwebhokisi elikhethekile, elineminyango, kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga ngomakhelwane onjalo. Ukuhlukanisa inqwaba yomquba ngale ndlela nakho kunenani lobuhle; ikona lesayithi ngeke libukeke lifiphele.
Ungawenza kanjani umgqomo we-DIY womquba
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umgqomo womquba ukuhlela iphoyinti lokuqoqa udoti wemvelo ukuthola umanyolo. Ukwenza isitoreji akunzima, kulandela imithetho elula.
Izidingo zokwakhiwa kwesayithi
Ukuze isitsha esikhiqizwayo sihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo, lapho sihlanganiswa, kufanelekile ukucubungula amaphuzu abalulekile:
- izindonga ezisemaceleni kufanele zibe nezimbobo ezivumela ukusakazwa komoya (izikhala ezi-2 cm zingashiywa phakathi kwamabhodi);
- ayikho into enjengezansi ebhokisini;
- ukutholakala kwesembozo kuzovimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi ngesikhathi semvula enamandla (umswakama owedlulele uzobangela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus);
- ingxenye engezansi yebhokisi kufanele ivuleke ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa kukamanyolo (kusuka ngezansi, ukwakheka kukhula ngokushesha).
Izinto zokwenziwa kukamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo
Amabha namabhodi kukhethwa ukwenza umquba womquba. Ungasebenzisa futhi izihlangu zokhuni. Esikhundleni sesembozo sokhuni, ifreyimu ephakanyiswe ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki noma i-polycarbonate ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezizodwa zesiqukathi kwenziwa ngehardware kanye namahinji (ukuvula izingcezwana).
Ubukhulu bebhokisi elilungile: ukuphakama - 1 m, ububanzi - 1.2 m.
Imfundo yokukhiqiza
- Sula indawo engaphansi komgqomo womquba kumvuthuluka yezitshalo bese ususa ungqimba lwesoyi. Yenza umaki ngokusho komdwebo.
- Bamba izimbobo emakhoneni ajule ngo-35-50 cm ukufaka izisekelo.
- Beka izisekelo emigodini, uzilinganise zibheke bese uzimboza ngogravel kuze kube uhhafu wokujula. Ingxenye esele ebusweni bomhlaba ithelwa ngosimende.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngemuva kokuqina kukasimende, vala ukugcwaliswa kasimende ngomhlaba.
- Xhuma izisekelo phezulu nangaphezulu ngemigoqo (ezinhlangothini ezi-4).
- Hlanganisa ifreyimu ngamabhodi azungeze umjikelezo, ushiye izikhala eziyi-2 cm zokungena emoyeni. Ngakolunye noma ezinhlangothini zombili, udinga ukunamathisela ibhodi kumahabhinisi angaphansi ukuze likwazi ukuvula ukutholwa kukamanyolo.
- Hlomisa phezulu ngesivalo sokuvula esikhishwe emabhodini amaningana ngaphandle kwezikhala.
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ibhokisi, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe zonke izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni ngesisombululo samagciwane ukuvikela izinkuni ekubunjeni nesikhunta.
Uyenza kanjani inqwaba yomquba
Njengokukhetha, lungiselela inqwaba yomquba kwelinye lamakhona ahlukanisiwe esayithi. Inqwaba ayisho ukulahla udoti okungahleliwe, kepha ukuqoqwa okuhlelekile kwemfucuza ephilayo. Kungcono ukhethe indawo emthunzini, elangeni izingxenye zizoma. Indawo yokuhlala enomthunzi inikeza umswakama odingekayo, onomphumela omuhle enqubeni yokubola. Izikelemu, izintwala zezinkuni nezinye izinto ezincane nazo zifaka isandla ekuqobekeni.
Izinto zokwakha ezifanele
Inqwaba yomquba izodinga i-peat (njengokulala) nokubuyiselwa emuva kwezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi:
- amagatsha aqhekekile neziqu zezitshalo;
- udoti wasekhishini nowasendlini;
- iphepha elincane nezicucu zendwangu;
- hay, utshani;
- umquba, njll.
Ukwenza ikhaya lenqwaba, kutshalwe ubhontshisi noma izihlahla zokuhlobisa ezungeze umngcele... Ungabiyela futhi indawo ngocingo oluphansi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokupheka ezweni
Inqwaba yomquba ingahlelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kobusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, endaweni ekhethiwe, ungqimba lwenhlabathi olungamasentimitha angama-20 luyasuswa futhi ukumbiwa okuwumphumela kumbozwe nge-peat (ungqimba okungenani lwe-10 cm). Umcamelo we-peat uzobhekana nokufakwa okuvimbela ukuvuza kwezakhamzimba kanye nephepha lokufulela noma i-polyethylene. Okulandelayo, beka zonke izingxenye ngezendlalelo
Awukwazi ukulahla ngokungahleliwe yonke imfucuza ephilayo, inqubo yokuvutshelwa ingahle ingakhuli, noma izithako zizovele zibole bese zimbozwa yikhunta. Beka izingqimba ngendlela yokuthi izingxenye ezimanzi zishintshane nezomile. Ubukhulu bezitshalo eziluhlaza kufanele bube phakathi kuka-20 cm, umquba nesidlo sethambo - u-5 cm, imfucuza yasendlini - 15 cm.
Inqwaba ehlelwe kahle iqukethe kufinyelela kuma-70% ezinsalela zezitshalo, kuze kufike ku-10% wenhlabathi, kuze kufike ku-20% umquba noma enye into ephilayo. Abanye abalimi batusa ukumboza ungqimba ngalunye ngamabhola enhlabathi evundile (u-5-7 cm ubukhulu). Esiqongweni simbozwa ngotshani noma ngotshani, ngemuva kokuchelela inqwaba ngesisombululo esishisayo esuselwa kumatosi ezinyoni noma umquba.
Enqwabeni yomquba, indawo yabelwe ubukhulu: ububanzi - 1.2-1.5 m, ukuphakama - 1-1.2 m.
Ukuguga
Amabhukhimakhi we-Organic avuthwa ngokwesilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-8. Noma yimuphi umuntu osebenza engadini uyavuma ukuthi lesi yisikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke, indlela yokuphuma itholakala ekuhlelweni kwezigaba zemigodi eminingana noma ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo akhethekile, okuthi, ngenxa yamagciwane, asheshise inqubo yokubola. Futhi, ukuvuthwa komquba kungenzeka emasakeni.
Imikhiqizo enjalo yenziwa ngesisekelo sezinto zemvelo; ngeke ikwazi ukulimaza inhlabathi noma izitshalo. Isibonelo, umuthi i-Embiko Compost (Gringo) uhlinzekela ukuvuthwa kukamanyolo emasontweni ayi-6-8 kuphela.
Ungasho kanjani ukuthi ngabe umquba ulungile yini
Umquba ophelile ungabonakala ngombala omnyama wokwakheka. Kufanele ibe imvuthu, imanzi, futhi ingakhiphi iphunga. Umanyolo ovuthiwe unuka okomhlabathi wehlathi.
Ukugcina imithetho yokwenza umquba, ungagcwalisa njalo amasheya enhlanganisela yezakhi zengadi kanye nengadi yemifino ngezandla zakho, ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eyengeziwe kumanyolo owenziwe ngomumo.