I-Plum isho lezo zihlahla zezithelo namajikijolo Udinga ukuthenwa njalo... Ngaphandle kwalokho, inani lokuvuna lingancishiswa kakhulu, ushungamu uzoqala ukugqama esihlahleni, futhi ukukhula kwamagatsha kuzoba okungajwayelekile.
Ungathena nini ama-plums: amathiphu wabaqalayo
IPlum idinga ukuthenwa minyaka yonke, okuhlelekilelokho kuzogcina umuthi uphilile futhi uthela. Kuyadingeka ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokwesikimu - entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla.
Isikhathi ngasinye sibaluleke kakhulu kuplamu, ukuthena kunemisebenzi ethile egcina iplamu iphila.
Isikhathi sentwasahlobo sithathwa njengesihle kakhulu ngenqubo. Imvamisa, abalimi bahlela lo msebenzi ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya selizobe selifudumele, futhi izinqubo zemifino ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokuqala.
Ngentwasahlobo, amahlumela amancane akhula ohlangothini olungalungile namagatsha amadala okungafanele ulinde ukuthola izithelo kuwo abonakala kahle ku-plum.
Ihlobo labanjwa ngoJuni, kukhombisa amagatsha ashuba ngokuqinile umqhele, ngoba angabonakala kahle ngamahlamvu aluhlaza.
Ukwindla kubanjelwa inhlanzeko... Umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga.
Uma isikhathi esinqunyiwe singabanjwanga, khona-ke kungcono ukuhlehlisa ukusika ukuwa, ngoba indawo esikiwe entsha iqeda ngokushesha iqhume futhi kube khona imifantu kanye nemifantu endaweni yayo.
Isikhathi ngasinye sinezinzuzo nezinkinga zaso, yingakho isikhathi esithile sonyaka sifanele ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa izihlahla zasebusika. ama-plums, kepha lolu hlobo lomsebenzi alujwayelekile futhi lucacisiwe.
"Inhloko yekhanda" izokutshela ukuthi ungayisika kanjani iplamu kahle:
Ngentwasahlobo: ukwakheka okulungile komqhele
Iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yempilo yeplamu entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha isimo esifanele somqhele wayo, ngoba ikhwalithi nevolumu ye-fruiting incike kuyo. Uma weqa lowo msebenzi, khona-ke amagatsha azokhula ngokungahambisani nangokuxokozela.
Imvamisa, umqhele owenziwe ngohlobo lwe-tier ukhethwa kuma-plums.... Okungukuthi, ama-6-8 amagatsha anamandla kakhulu futhi aqine kakhulu, akhula ebangeni lamasentimitha ayi-15-20 komunye nomunye, kufanele asebenze njengesisekelo.
Kufanele futhi zihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kuso sonke isiqu, futhi indawo ekahle yokukhula kufanele ibe ngama-degree angama-50.
Ukuthola umqhele onjalo, lezi zenzo ezilandelayo zenziwa ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu:
- Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila Ama-plums kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amagatsha e-lateral, futhi umqhubi ophakathi nendawo kufanele asikwe kubude obulingana namasentimitha angama-60.
- Ngonyaka wesibili umqhubi ophakathi ufinyezwe ngamasentimitha angama-40-50, kufaka phakathi izinso ezingaphezulu, okufanele zibe ngaphezu kwendawo esikiwe. Amagatsha asezinhlangothini ezingezansi athenwa cishe ngokuphelele, kusale iziphunzi eziyi-7 cm kuphela. Amanye amahlumela asemaceleni afinyezwa ngengxenye yesithathu yobude obuphelele.
Lapho nje kuqala ukuvela kwamagatsha amakhulu, wamathambo, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi i-angle yokuthambekela kwawo esiqwini iphakathi kwama-degree 50-60. Amagatsha angafanele kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele.
- Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kuyadingeka ukukhetha amagatsha angama-6-8 wamathambo, kuyilapho wonke amanye amahlumela esuswa. Kuvunyelwe ukushiya amahlumela angaphezu kwama-4 emagatsheni asele.
Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo okwengeziwe kwentwasahlobo kuzoba ne- ekugcineni isimo esifanele somqhele:
- susa wonke amagatsha akhula ngokungafanele akhula ngaphakathi komqhele noma atholakala nge-engeuse ye-obtuse;
- uma kukhona umqhele omuhle kakhulu, uzodinga ukuncishiswa, ngenkathi kususwa amagatsha amadala lapho izithelo zingasaboshelwa khona;
- ukuze usize iplamu lakhe amagatsha ezithelo amasha, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa uhhafu konke ukukhula konyaka odlule;
- futhi nasentwasahlobo, isihlahla sihlolisiswa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zomonakalo, imvamisa kulesi sigaba amagatsha aphukile noma afriziwe ahlupheke ngesikhathi sasebusika ayasuswa.
Lawo magatsha angaphansi kokususwa okuyimpoqolapho izinyoni zalimaza khona izinso zazo.
Inqubo yasentwasahlobo yenziwa ngosuku olungenamoya, olunokuthula, nolucacile lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kwama-degree ayi-10.
Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo uthathwa njengobaluleke kakhulu futhi odingekayo, ngoba lesi sikhathi sihle kakhulu futhi siphephile empilweni yesihlahla.
Ehlobo
Ukuthenwa kwe-plums kwehlobo kwenziwa ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi.... Yizihlahla ezincane kuphela ezakha umqhele wazo kuphela ezingaphansi kwale nqubo.
Kuma-plums wabantu abadala, ukuthena ehlobo kungalimaza futhi kunconywe kuphela njengezindlela zokugcina, ngokwesibonelo, lapho kutholakala isifo.
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila wonke amagatsha afinyelelwe kubude obulingana namasentimitha angama-20. Kusukela onyakeni wesibili, amagatsha angeziwe asuswa ngokuphelele.
Ngenkathi efudumele, kunengozi enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngakho-ke, ngokwenza izihlahla zasehlobo, ungavikela isihlahla kulezi zinkinga.
Isikimu sokuthena ekwindla
Ukuthenwa kwekwindla kwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabungalapho zonke izinqubo zemifino seziphelile futhi isihlahla siphumule. Imvamisa, lowo msebenzi wenziwa maphakathi no-Septhemba.
Abaqalayo kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi le nqubo ayikwazi ukuhlehliswa unomphela, ngoba isihlahla kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokuqina ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlehlise lo msebenzi kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukuthenwa kwekwindla kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ngokuya ngobudala besihlahla:
- ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala ekwindla, umqhubi ophakathi kweplamu ufinyezwa ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude obuphelele, kanti amagatsha asele ngakubili kokuthathu;
- ukulawula - Yenzelwe izihlahla zayo yonke iminyaka. Ngesikhathi saso, umqhele uyadedelwa, futhi wonke amagatsha akhula ngokushesha noma ngokungakhuli kahle ayasuswa;
- kusukela ngonyaka we-4 wokuphila kwesihlahla, njalo eminyakeni engu-4-5, kwenziwa izihlahla zokuvuselela, lapho kususwa wonke amagatsha amadala nangadingekile, lapho kungasabonakali khona ukuthela izithelo.
Ngemuva kwesithelo sokuqala, ukuthena ekwindla kungenzeka kungenziwa nhlobo, noma kususwa kuphela amagatsha anenkinga enkulu.
Futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezihlahla zasekwindla izoba ukwenza ukuthenwa kwe-sanitary, lapho kususwa wonke amagatsha agulayo nalimelelokho kungavusa ukufa kwesihlahla sonke.
Kunconywa ukuqoqa nokushisa amagatsha aqoshiwe.ukuze ukutheleleka noma amanye amagciwane nezinambuzane kungasabalali kuyo yonke indawo.
Izindlela ezingajwayelekile
Izindlela ezithile zokuthena ezihlukile emsebenzini ojwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukuthena ubusika nokucubungula izihlahla ezindala.
Ukwenza izihlahla zasebusika kuthola ngokushesha ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Ukuqaliswa komsebenzi onjalo ukuthi konke Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo uhlehliselwe phakathi noFebhuwari, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izinga lokushisa lomoya kumele libe ngaphezu kwama-10-12 degrees.
Izinzuzo zomsebenzi onjalo zingabangelwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi awekho amaqabunga ku-plum, yingakho isihlahla sithola ukucindezeleka okuncane. Futhi, amagatsha afriziwe kulula ukusikwa, futhi nengozi yokubanjwa kwezinkuni kuyancishiswa.
Ukuthena ebusika kutholakala kuphela kulabo balimi abahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekutheneni izihlahla ezindalangoba bona, njengabantu abadala, badinga ukunakekelwa okubucayi nobucayi:
- umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo siphenduke iminyaka eyi-12-15 ubudala;
- ukuthena kuvamise ukwelulwa iminyaka engu-3-4 ukuze isihlahla sikwazi ukusimama kancane kancane;
- ukwenza ngcono ukuthela, unyaka nonyaka, susa wonke amahlumela omile futhi anezifo ashwabadela umqhele wesihlahla ngokungadingekile futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwamagatsha amasha;
- kuso sonke isikhathi sokuvuselela, susa kancane kancane wonke amagatsha wohlaka angadingekile, inani lawo ngokwesilinganiso okufanele lingadluli izingcezu eziyi-8-10. Uma kwenziwa lo msebenzi, amagatsha afakwa ezinhlangothini zombili ukuze kugwenywe ukususwa okungalindelekile nokwenza indawo esikiwe ibe bushelelezi futhi ilingane ngokwengeziwe.
Ubusika yisikhathi sokuthena amagatsha ezihlahla:
Ungasinakekela kanjani isihlahla ngemuva?
Ukuze iplamu ikwazi ukubekezelela inqubo yokuthenwa kalula ngangokunokwenzeka, okokuqala udinga ukufunda ukwenza ukusika okulungile, okufanele yenziwe nge-engela yama-degree angama-45, kanti izinso zokugcina kufanele zibe kude ngamasentimitha angu-5-10.
Wonke umsebenzi onjalo kufanele wenziwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi engadi abukhali nalawo angenamagciwane afana nommese, isaha kanye ne-delimber.
Ukuze amanxeba esihlahleni akhule ngokushesha futhi angangeni kwizifo ezahlukahlukene, ekuqaleni bahlanzwa ngommese obukhali futhi baphathwe nge-sulfate yethusi. Ngemuva kwalokho agcotshwa nge-varnish yensimu, upende kawoyela noma amanye ama-ejenti wokuvuselela.
Ukuze umuthi ubuye usheshe usheshe emva kokuthena kwentwasahlobo, kufanele wondliwe ngomanyolo we-phosphorus, potash noma i-nitrogen.
Ama-pluning pruning inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala.ngenkathi umqhele wakha. Kamuva, wonke umsebenzi uncishiselwa ekususweni okuvamile kwamagatsha amadala, alimele noma akhula ngendlela engafanele.