Utamatisi Dubrava ubelokhu aziwa kubalimi iminyaka eminingi ilandelana njengomunye wabasebenza isikhathi esidala kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ziye zatshalwa eRussia kusukela ngezikhathi ze-USSR. Utamatisi weDubrava unezinzuzo eziningi: isivuno esikhulu, ukumelana nezifo. Izici zezinhlobonhlobo, ubuhle nobubi, izindlela zokunakekelwa esihlokweni.
Incazelo katamatisi Dubrava
Abalimi abaningi abavela kulo lonke uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo ezinikezwe utamatisi bavame ukukhetha lezo Akudingi abamba ukushisa, pinching, okuhlanganisa futhi awudingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Omunye walaba bameleli utamatisi waseDubrava.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo
Ngokwencazelo, isihlahla sikatamatisi singaphansi futhi sifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-50-65. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo zidinga indawo eyanele yokukhula. Esihlahleni esisodwa, indawo engama-30: 40cm iyadingeka. Isihlahla esihlanganisiwe, sokuhlobisa singatshalwa zombili engadini nasesifasiteleni nakwivulandi.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle, isitshalo singakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-2 kg wezithelo ehlathini ngalinye. Izithelo zombala obomvu ogqamile zifinyelela kusisindo esingu-50-100 amagremu.
I-Dubrava kubhekwa utamatisi ovuthwa phakathi... Utamatisi uvela kumahlumela okuqala uye ekuvuthweni okugcwele zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-80-95. Izinhlobonhlobo azivezwanga kahle ngamagatsha, inkomba enhle yokukhiqiza izihlahla ezineziqu ezi-3-4. Isimo samaqabunga sincane, siluhlaza okotshani.
Utamatisi uzizwa ukhululekile kumswakama ophakeme nakumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukwanda okukhulu kwesivuno kuyabonakala, inqobo nje uma yonke imibandela ihlangatsheziwe. Utamatisi unokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, nobumnandi obuyimvelo noginindela owomile.
Izithelo zinzima, baziboleke kahle ezintweni zokuhamba. Uma isithelo sikhiwe singakakhuli kahle, khona-ke emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa sivuthwe ngokuphelele. Izinhlobonhlobo zilungele ukucubungulwa, ukuwafaka, amajusi, ukusetshenziswa okusha.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko izinhlobo yilezi:
- ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni;
- ukunakekelwa okulula;
- ukumelana nezinguquko zokushisa;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- ingatshalwa ngaphandle kokubopha.
Minus ukuhlukahluka iqiniso lokuthi awukwazi ukuhlakulela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza kuphela ngosizo lwezithombo.
Ukubuyekeza utamatisi
Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi akukho lutho olunzima ekukhuleni izinhlobonhlobo zeDubrava. Uma uyiqhathanisa nezinhlobo eziningi zaseYurophu, izinhlobonhlobo kulula kakhulu ukuzinakekela.
Utamatisi Dubrava ubhekana kahle nezifo ezinjenge-blight sekwephuzile nomdlavuza wama-bactericidal. Kunezikhalazo ngokuthi amaqabunga otamatisi aphenduka aphuzi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izinambuzane zihlasele utamatisi ku-greenhouse.
Ubuqili bukatamatisi okhulayo
Utamatisi okhulayo ku-greenhouse kuvunyelwe, kepha udinga ukutshala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukushisa komoya ebusuku akufanele kwehle ngaphansi kwama-degree ama-5, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizomisa.
Inqubo yokutshala iDubrava
Ukuze utshale imbewu, udinga ukuthenga inhlanganisela yesihlabathi ekhethekile, ethengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ungasebenzisa ama-substrates asele ngemuva kwezinye izitshalo: i-zucchini, uhlaza.
Umhlabathi kufanele ubulawe amagciwane ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungacwilisa kuhhavini bese ufaka umlilo.
Imbewu yezithombo kufanele ihlwanyelwe ekupheleni kukaMashi. Futhi kunconywa ukuthi kubhekwe indawo okuyo: ezifundeni eziseningizimu - ngaphambili, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho - kamuva. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, udinga ukulungisa isitsha sepulasitiki noma se-peat, ukuze ngayinye ibe nezimbobo ezansi zokunisela izithombo kalula.
Lapho ulungisa imbewu, kungakuhle ukuthi uyiphathe ngesikhuthazi sokukhula bese uyibulala amagciwane kwisisombululo esingu-2% se-potassium permanganate. Izindlela ezinjalo zokulungiselela zizosiza imbewu ukuba ihlume ngokushesha futhi ivikele ezifweni.
Indlela yokukhetha imbewu efanele: udinga ukuyifaka ku-saline solution (1 isipuni ngengilazi yamanzi ngayinye). Lezo zinhlamvu ezicwile phansi zilungele izithombo.
Imithetho yokutshala nokukhula imbewu:
- beka imbewu enhlabathini ekujuleni okungu-2 cm;
- moisten inhlabathi nge-sprayer;
- vala ibhokisi ngezithombo ngefilili noma ingilazi bese ufaka elangeni (t 25C);
- lapho amahlumela anamaqabunga ama-4-6 evela, izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini.
Lapho izithombo zinezinsuku ezingama-50-60 ubudala, ungakwazi qala ukuyikhiphela ngaphandle ukuze wenze lukhuni (Ucingo 15-20С)
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo senqubo yokukhula okuhlukahlukene ekotishi lasehlobo
Ukutshala emhlabathini kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa lomhlabathi okungenani i-15C. Into esemqoka ukuthi awekho amakhaza ebusuku. Izigaba zokwehla:
- kuhle ukutshala utamatisi waseDubrava lapho kwakhula khona i-zucchini, imidumba, imifino ngaphambili;
- indawo kumele kukhanyiswe kahle;
- ngesikwele esingu-1. kutshalwa izihlahla zikatamatisi ezingekho ngaphezu kwezine ngemitha ngalinye;
- izithombo zingcwatshwa ngo-10 cm enhlabathini nge-engeli. Lesi sitshalo sizozimela sodwa;
- izinsuku eziyi-14 zokuqala ozidingayo nisela izithombo kakhulu.
Ukunakekela
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela isomiso sikatamatisi. Utamatisi weDubrava uthanda umswakama. Azidingi ukubopha izihlahla futhi zisuse izingane zokutholwa.
Kubalulekile ukukhipha ukhula ngesikhathi futhi ukhulule umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, ungaphatha inhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yesixazululo sensipho kanye ne-nitroammophoska evela ebhodleleni le-spray.
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo
Isibonisi sempilo yezitshalo umbala wamahlamvu. Uma izithombo iqala ukushintsha ibe phuzi, okusho ukuthi utamatisi awuzizwa ukhululekile. Udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isihlahla:
- uma kune-streaks ebomvu emaqabungeni, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukungabi khona kwe-nitrogen;
- amaqabunga aphuzi futhi abe namabala - ukuntuleka kwe-zinc;
- amaqabunga aphuzi futhi abe nombala omhlophe - ukungabi nensimbi.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zotamatisi ku-greenhouse yizimpukane ezimhlophe. Zibukeka njengezimpukane ezimhlophe, zihlala engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga, zidle ubisi lwesitshalo, zilwenze buthaka. Yini enye, whitefly uyithwali lamagciwane.
Udinga ukulwa nezinambuzane ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- hang amateyipu wokunamathisela endaweni yokugcina izithombo;
- fafaza i-greenhouse ngokumnika ngamakhambi: impande ye-dandelion, igalikhi, ikhasi le-anyanisi;
- ukwenza ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali: Aktellik, Aktara, Pegasus, Akarin, Fitoverm.
Enye inkathazo eyingozi - scoop... Ishaya ukuletha, amahlumela, izimbali, izithelo. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuphatha izitshalo nge-infusions ye-calendula, i-burdock, umhlonyane. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nakho kufanelekile: i-Alatar, i-Iskra M, iFitoverm.
IMedvedka kutamatisi udla izimpande neziqu, uvimbela isithelo ukuthi singakhuli. Ukulwa nezinambuzane, izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa: I-Thunder, Force, Medvetox. Bangcwatshwa ngqo emhlabathini. I- "Fitoverm" izosiza ekulweni nama-nematode, futhi i- "Iskra M" noma i- "Kemifox" izokusindisa kumaminerali ase-postlein.
Utamatisi i-Dubrava iyisivuno esithela kakhulu, inzuzo yayo ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nezifo. Yiba nesivuno esicebile!