Ama-apula mhlawumbe angenye yezithelo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi eziyintandokazi. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini, amaminerali, kufaka phakathi i-iron, kuhlanganiswe nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, beka ama-apula ezikhundleni eziphakeme phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo zezithelo. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, uRenet Semerenko ufanele ukugqanyiswa ikakhulukazi. - ama-apula, ukunambitheka kwawo kwaziwa kahle yiwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Incazelo yama-apula kaSemerenko
USemerenko ubizwa ngokuhlukile, noma kunjalo, igama elifanele nguRenet Platon Simirenko ukuhlonipha ubaba womfuyi wase-Ukraine, owathola lokhu kuhluka emuva ngekhulu le-19. Izithelo zombala oluhlaza okomnandi, isimo esilinganayo esinamachashazi amaningi wokukhanya, acwecwe ngandlela thile. Izithelo ezivunwa eningizimu zinokuncane okusajingijolo ohlangothini olunelanga. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa njengasebusika.
Kuvunwa kusuka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya phakathi nasekwindla... Ama-apula athathwa njengama-apula asebusika, ngoba isivuno esivuniwe sigcinwa kahle phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, isethulo, noma izakhiwo zazo eziwusizo. Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3-5. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo yizinhlobonhlobo ezizichumayo, okungukuthi, azikwazi ukuzitholela impova esezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, izihlahla zeRenet Semerenko kumele zitshalwe eduze kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula, ezizobe zingabavundisi bezimpova.
I-Semerenko ayinakubalwa ngezitshalo ezingamelana nesithwathwa. Zivame kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu.... Ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima kakhulu, izihlahla zidinga ukufakwa okwengeziwe kweziqu ebusika ngezinto ezikhethekile. Ukugcinwa kokushisa enhlabathini ezungeze isihlahla kutholakala ngomquba. Ukuvikela kumagundane nezinye izinambuzane, iziqu zigcakiwe ngomcako noma zimbozwe ngesisombululo sikashoki.
Umlando wokuzala
Imvelaphi yalolu hlobo ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile. U-Lev Platonovich Simirenko, eqamba inhlobonhlobo ngegama likayise, wacabanga ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula zingezinhlobo esezilibalekile eNtshonalanga, noma zenzeka ngenxa yokuwela ngengozi. Bafakwa kwirejista yombuso weSoviet Union ngo-1947... ERussia, zisakazeke ezindaweni ezinjengeKrasnodar Territory, iStavropol Territory, iRiphabhlikhi yase-Adygea, i-KBR, i-KCR, iNorth Ossetia nezinye izindawo.
Izici zezihlahla nezithelo
Ama-apula kaSemerenko angahlukaniswa njengamakhulu ngokwanele - isisindo esimaphakathi cishe siyi-150g, isisindo sezithelo ezinkulu sifinyelela ku-200g... Njengomthetho, ama-apula ayindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi ayakheke njengesigaxa, wombala oluhlaza okhanyayo omnandi onenombolo enkulu yama-specks, afana namachashazi akhanyayo. I-pulp imhlophe, inamanzi enambitheka kamnandi futhi omuncu. Ama-apula ahlala kahle izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, inyama iba buthakathaka, futhi isikhumba siphuzi.
Izimbali zale nhlobo zinkulu, zimhlophe, zimise okwososo. Izihlahla azikhulu kakhulu, kunalokho zingaphezu kwesilinganiso.... Umqhele osakazwayo wakha umumo oyindilinga noma we-arched. Amagatsha aphezulu akhula cishe ema-engele afanele esiqwini. Amagxolo angumthunzi onsundu onsundu ngokumpunga, aphenduka abe bomvu ohlangothini olubalele. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ngokujulile nge-matte sheen, amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, ayindilinga, anezinotshi ezincane ezinde emaphethelweni.
Ubuhle nobubi
Ama-apula kaRenet Simirenko anezinzuzo eziningi, ngakho-ke bakwazile ukuthola ukuthandwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS nakwamanye amazwe. Izinzuzo zifaka:
- Okungenzeka isitoreji sesikhathi eside isivuno.
- Isihlobo ukungathobeki ngenkathi ukhula.
- Ukubekezelelana okuhle kokushisa nokuntuleka komswakama ngaphandle kokunciphisa izithelo.
- Ekuqaleni ukuthela.
- Izici zokunambithaezifuneka njalo kubathengi.
Kodwa uhlobo lunezinkinga zalo. Nakhu ukungalungi okuyinhloko kokuhlukahlukene:
- Ubunzima obusika obuphansi... Ayifanele izifunda ezibandayo zasebusika.
- Ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo zefungalnjengotwayi kanye ne-powdery isikhutha.
- Isidingo sokutshala isihlahla sempova sokuhlukahluka okuhlukile ngenxa yokuthi uRenet Simirenko ayikwazi ukuzitholela impova.
- Isidingo sokuthena njalo ngenxa yokwanda okuqinile.
Izinzuzo zezithelo
Ama-apula angesinye sezithelo zokuqala ezifakwe ekudleni okuhambisanayo kwezingane ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, nge-hypoallergenicity yayo nokugayeka kalula okulula, ama-apula ayinqolobane ephelele yamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nezinto ezilandelwayo ezidingekayo kumuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe kukavithamini C ezithelweni ezivuthiwe sifinyelela ku-7 mg nge-100 g ngayinye. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-fructose ephansi, cishe u-7-12%, okwenza isithelo sibe sesifanele kubantu abakhathalela isibalo sabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-pectin kuma-apula isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunyakaza kwamathumbu, yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol futhi ikhulule umzimba kubuthi obunqwabelene nasezintweni eziyingozi.
Imithetho yokufika
Izihlahla ezincane zitshalwa entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekwindla kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthobalapho okungenani kunenyanga ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Uma ukutshala kungazange kwenzeke kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi yesibili ka-Okthoba, kufanele kuhlehliswe kuze kufike intwasahlobo ngokumba isihlahla emhlabathini. Izithombo ezincane zitshalwa ngesilinganiso semitha eli-1 ububanzi ukuzungeza isihlahla nendawo engamamitha ayi-2.5 m nxazonke. Iphethini lokufika kanje:
- Okokuqala, kufanele ulungiselele umgodi ofanele... Lokhu kwenziwa cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshala. Umgodi ukhishwa u-0.6 m ukujula, ububanzi obuyi-1 m. Ungqimba lwenhlabathi evundile ngaphezulu ligoqiwe lwenziwe inqwaba ehlukile eceleni komgodi ukuze ugcwalise umgodi ngemuva kokutshala isithombo.
- Ngokwehlukana isikhonkwane kufanele sinakekelweezosetshenziselwa ukuxhasa isihlahla esincane. Induku efanelekile ishiswa phezu komlilo kusukela ekugcineni ezoba semhlabathini ukuvikela ukubola.
- Isigaba esilandelayo ukulungiselela inhlabathi... Kungcono uma kungumhlabathi wobumba ngokufakwa kwesihlabathi somfula ne-humus.
- Phansi komgodi kufanele kukhululwe, bese uthele inhlabathi elungiselelwe ngobude obungu-20 cm.
- Ngemuva kokutshala isithombo, umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi elungisiwe, umhlaba ovundile kuze kwakheke indunduma encane engaba ngu-20cm ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhakede elilodwa noma amabili omlotha wokhuni oxutshwe nomquba njengomanyolo ungathelwa emgodini njengomanyolo.
- Ngemuva kokukhohlisa isithombo kufanele siniselwe futhi siboshwe esikhonkwaneniusebenzisa ifindo lesishiyagalombili lokwethembeka. Ukunisela kuzodinga amalitha amanzi angama-30-40.
- Ekugcineni, ukugoqa umhlaba, isibonelo, usebenzisa i-sawdust.
Indawo lapho isiqu sidlulela khona ohlelweni lwempande, olubizwa ngokuthi ikhola yezimpande, kufanele sibekwe ngaphezu kobuso, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizofa.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla
Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Izihlahla ze-Apple zikaRenet Semerenko azibangeli inkinga enkulu kubalimi, ngokuya ngemithetho embalwa elula:
- Ngaphandle kokuthi uSemerenko ubekezelela ukungabi khona komswakama, kwabo idinga ukuniselwa kathathu ngesizini ngayinyeusebenzisa amalitha angama-30-50 wamanzi ngokunisela. Izihlahla ezithelayo ziyaniselwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese kuthi ngaphambi kokumiswa kwezithelo, ekugcineni, kube amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba isivuno sivuthwe. Ukunisela izithombo ezincane kuqedwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi, okunikeza izihlahla ithuba lokuzilungiselela ubusika;
- Izihlahla ze-Apple zivundiswa kabili ngonyaka.... Entwasahlobo, ukufaka umquba kwenziwa kususelwa kumanyolo we-nitrogen. Lokhu kwenziwa esigabeni esandulela isikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo. Ekwindla, faka umanyolo nomanyolo wamaminerali;
- Izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukuthenwa njalo, ikhule ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-60. Ngakho-ke, ukulondolozwa kokukhula konyaka owodwa kwenzeka, lapho i-ovary yengxenye enkulu yesithelo yenzeka khona. Kuma-specimens avuthiwe ngokwengeziwe, ukuncishiswa komqhele kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthenwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana ngokweqile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwezinga le-fruiting;
- Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa ekufudumaleni kwalesi siko sengadi lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo... URenet Semerenko ukubekezelela ngokuphelele ukushisa, ukushisa, umoya, kepha isithwathwa singabathinta kabi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umhlabathi ozungeze isiqu uyagcotshwa, isiqu uqobo siboshwe ngezinto ezikhethekile zokuvikela ukushisa. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zisiza futhi ukuvikela izithombo ezinambuzaneni, njengezimbila. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, isidingo sokubopha isiqu siyanyamalala, ngoba isihlahla sivuseleleka ngokuphelele, sithathe indawo yamahlumela amasha akhula ngokushesha kulabo abaphethwe amakhaza. Amagxolo ahlala isikhathi eside futhi aminyene ayayeka ukuheha amagundane nezinambuzane ezifanayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngeshwa, izihlahla zama-apula zalolu hlobo zinjalo kakhulu ungenwa yizifo zefungal ezifana notwayi kanye ne-powdery isikhutha... Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela lezi zilonda zesimuncagazi ukuhlanza nokushisa wonke amaqabunga awile nyakenye, amahlumela, izithelo ezomisiwe. Isiqu somuthi wama-apula sigezwa ngomhlophe ukuze sivikeleke ezinambuzaneni... Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuvimbela lesi sifo, izitshalo zensimu "ziyelashwa" ngokufafaza ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, isibonelo, i-Euparen noma iPolycarbacin ekuqaleni kwesizini.
Eminyakeni eshisayo neyomile ikakhulukazi, ukucubungula kabusha kunconywa kusasele amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi enkulu yokweqiwa kokungcola kwezithelo ezivuthiwe. Kuyafana ochwepheshe batusa ukuphatha izihlahla zama-apula ngamalungiselelo akhethekile aqukethe ithusi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuvikela izilokazane nezinambuzane. Enye indlela yokuvimbela ukuphatha iRenet njalo ngeZircon, okuthuthukisa ukumelana okujwayelekile nokubekezelela izitshalo zensimu ezintweni eziyingozi ezivela kwimvelo yangaphandle.
Isiphetho
Ingadi ingaba ngumsebenzi onenzuzo enkulu, kungaba insimu enkulu yezithelo noma isihlahla esisodwa noma ezimbili esakhiweni esincane somuntu siqu, inqobo nje uma kuzoba nendlela efanelekile yebhizinisi kuzo zonke izigaba... Inketho enhle kakhulu yabalimi abahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesipholile kungaba ukutshalwa kwama-apula aseSemerenko - uRenet Platon Simirenko. Zingadingi izindleko nemizamo emikhulu, izihlahla zama-apula zalolu hlobo ziletha isivuno esimnandi esimnandi, esifanelekile ukugcinwa kuzo zonke izinyanga ezinde zasebusika.