Ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla zama-apula cishe kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Emazweni e-CIS, ukutshalwa kwalezi zihlahla kuvamile kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa okuhle nezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle, minyaka yonke ziletha isivuno esihle kakhulu salezi zithelo ezinhle.
Kulesi sihloko, thina ake sikhulume ngokuhlukahluka kweBogatyr, sizobheka umlando wokufuya, imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela isihlahla, siphinde sikhulume ngezifo zezihlahla.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zeBogatyr
Umlando wokuzalisa isihlahla se-Apple
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholwe omunye wososayensi baseSoviet uSemyon Fedorovich Chernenko, wayengumfuyi nomlimi wezithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo zamukelwa uqobo yi-V.M. I-Michurin.
Okwamanje, iBogatyr iyakhula futhi iyachuma cishe kuwo wonke amakhona eRussia, labo abatshalile lesi sihlahla okungenani kanye bathanda yena unomphela.
Yadalwa njengokuhlukahluka kobusika sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke ama-apula avuthwa, athole iphunga cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. IBogatyr iyona ekhiqiza kakhulu izinhlobo zasebusika esekupheleni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zakhuliswa lapho izinhlobo ze-Antonovka neRenet Landsberg ziwela, kwakungukugcina okunikeze ama-apula usayizi omkhulu nokunambitheka okumangalisayo.
Izici zesihlahla nezithelo
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula zide impela, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5, amagatsha athe xaxa noma angaphansi aqondiswa esiqwini, umbala wegxolo ngumnqumo. Amagatsha cishe awakhuli engxenyeni engaphakathi yomqhele; cishe awunqunu.
Isimo samaqabunga siyi-oval, sifakwe emaphethelweni, sihlanganiswe ngezansi. Inamathele emagatsheni anama-petioles abomvu.
Izimbali zimhlophe ngokubomvana, zincane kancane kunezimbali ezijwayelekile. Ama-anthers angaba ngu-2 cm ngaphansi kwamahlazo.
Ukwakheka kwezithelo kwenzeka kuma-ringlets kaningi kunamagatsha omqhele. Ama-apula amaningana angakhiwa kuma-pods anjalo, kepha angadluli ku-3.
Zinokuma okuyindilinga, zibheke ku-calyx ziba mncane kusigaxa. Ama-apula abushelelezi amakhulu, aluhlaza okotshani lapho isuswa, kepha ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, umbala ushintsha ube ophuzi.
Kusuka ohlangothini lwaseningizimu kuya kubo ngesikhathi esishisayo, kuvela ibhulukhwe ebomvu... Ama-apula amnandi futhi anomuncu ukunambitha, anephunga elimnandi, ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Antonovka, amnandi.
Izinzuzo:
- uthele izithelo kusenesikhathi;
- isivuno esihle esizinzile;
- ukubekezelela ngokuphelele ukuthutha;
- ukumaketha okuhle;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- ukumelana kahle notwayi;
- ubusika buqinile.
yokuntula: Umbala lapho ukhetha ama-apula avuthiwe uluhlaza okotshani.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-Apple, lapho kufanele sithathwe, sigcinwe
Imvamisa ama-apula alengiswa kuma-pads aze akhethwe. Ukuvuthwa kokuvuna kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kepha kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungaziqoqi kusenesikhathi, ngoba zizoncipha ngesitoreji eside.
Ama-apula avuthwa kumthengi ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba, kuyilapho i-Antonovka ingasenazo izimfanelo zayo, ikhulule futhi ibe mnyama.
Uma amaHeroes esuswa ngesikhathi, angagcinwa entwasahlobo, futhi nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yiphunga noma ukujiya.
Ukuthengiseka kwama-apula lapho kuvunwa kulinganiselwa cishe kuma-90%, okuyi-60% yawo kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngesisindo, ama-apula aphakathi kuka-160 g, ubukhulu obungama-390 g
Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kokuhluma iminyaka engu-7, ngemuva kokutshala ezingadini iminyaka engu-4. Isivuno siyoba sihle impela lapho isihlahla sineminyaka eyi-9 ubudala., enyameni kuze kufike ku-50 kg, futhi kusuka ezihlahleni ezindala ezineminyaka engu-15 ungakhuphukela kuma-80 kg.
Isivuno sivunwa minyaka yonke, ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Antonovka, yize isisindo saso singancipha.
Imithetho yokutshala izihlahla
Ungatshala isihlahla se-apula ekwindla nasentwasahlobo., kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Eqinisweni, ukutshala isihlahla akunzima, kepha ekutshalweni kwekhwalithi, ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Ukukhula okuhle kwesithombo, ukuze kungabikho lutho olungasiphazamisa, ngidinga indawo egqumeni... Uma kunamanzi angaphansi komhlaba eduze noma indawo ingase igcwale amanzi, kungcono ukuthi ungatshali izihlahla nhlobo.
Ukuze uthole isithombo, udinga ukumba umgodi omkhulu. Ukujula kwayo kufanele kube cishe ngamasentimitha angama-80, ububanzi bomgodi bube yi-1 m.Ungakhohlwa ukuthi inhlobonhlobo yinde kakhulu futhi iyasabalala, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe ebangeni elanele komunye nomunye.
Uma nje izithombo zikhula, ungasebenzisa ibanga phakathi kwazo nganoma iyiphi injongo. Isibonelo, tshala imifino, kepha awukwazi ukutshala ubhekilanga noma ummbila, ngoba uzomunca zonke izakhamzimba.
Ezimweni lapho inhlabathi ingenakutholakali kahle emoyeni, Kunconywa ukufaka i-peat, humus nesihlabathi kuyo... Ukukhulelwa okunjalo kuzothuthukisa ukungena kwe-oksijini, izimpande zizophefumula kahle, futhi ngeke kube khona ukumiswa komswakama.
Entwasahlobo, lapho umuthi usuvele uqedile amaqabunga awo, udinga ukuwufafaza kusuka ezinambuzane ngesibulali zinambuzaneefanele izihlahla zama-apula. Kungcono ukumba umgodi wesithombo kusengaphambili bese usigcwalisa ngomquba, i-humus nesihlabathi.
Izici zokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yezinhlobonhlobo zeBogatyr kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba. Ngamunye wabo udinga indlela ekhethekile nezinqubo ezikhethekile.
Ngonyaka wokutshala, udinga ukukha izimbali ezingaba ngu-80%... Lokhu kusiza isihlahla ukuthi sizinze kangcono. Kamuva, kuzodingeka ukusika uhhafu wesivuno lapho izithelo zisanda kuqala ukuvuthwa ezingafika kumasentimitha ama-2 ububanzi.
Izenzo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa.... Manje, lapho wenza isivuno, izithelo zakho ziyoba zikhulu kakhulu futhi zibe mnandi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, kulula ukuthi isihlahla silungiselele ubusika.
Udinga ukunisela isihlahla izikhathi ezine ngenyanga, ngohlobo: ibhakede elilodwa esihlahleni ngasinye kabili ngosuku. Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kwehlobo lapho umuthi uthela izithelo, futhi ukutshala cishe lokho kuzokwenza isivuno esilandelayo.
Umbuso wokunisela kumele ulawulwe, unake izimo zezulu. Sincoma ukuqeda ukuchelela ngo-Agasti.ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azokhula abe makhulu kakhulu futhi isihlahla sikuthole kunzima ukusinda ebusika.
Kunjalo Isiko lesihlahla se-apula limelana nesithwathwa, kepha ukuze usize isihlahla sisinde ebusika, ungavala isembozo sesiqu nge-horse humus.
Ungathena kanjani izihlahla zama-apula? Ukuthenwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kulawula isivuno, usayizi wezithelo, futhi kusiza nokususa umuthi ezifweni ezahlukahlukene:
- Uma utshala igatsha lesithombo esincane, udinga ukusika ingxenye yesithathu. Lokhu kuzosheshisa ukubekwa komqhele.
- Kufanele uthene izihlahla minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze.
- Uma usika igatsha ngokuphelele, udinga ukukwenza esisekelweni ukuze kungabikho i-hemp.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe amagatsha ngezithelo ezifika phansi zilale kuwo.
- Ukuze wandise isivuno, udinga ukunciphisa izihlahla zama-apula minyaka yonke.
- Kumahlumela amasha, kusale kuphela okuqonde kakhulu futhi okuqinile, kuyilapho okubuthakathaka kudinga ukunqunywa. Kepha ungadidanisi ihlumela elinamandla nesihloko esiphothayo.
- Unganqamula amahlumela angaphezu kuka-4 kusuka kusisindo esiphelele.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isifo sikakhwekhwe kulimaza izithelo namaqabunga esihlahla. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ungazibona ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izindawo eziwumbala oluhlaza okotshani zizovela emaqabungeni esihlahla sama-apula bese amaqabunga ewa. Izindawo eziningi ezincane ezinsundu zizokwakhiwa esithelweni.
Izinhlobo ze-apula iBogatyr ziyamelana notwayi, kepha kunalokho uphethwe yisikhunta se-powdery. Ifana nezinhlamvu zikafulawa, ezinezinhlamvu ezimhlophe.
Ngalesi sifo, izimbali, amaqanda kanye namaqabunga kuyathinteka, zimane ziqhume. Ukusonteka kwamahlumela esihlahla nakho kuyenzeka.
Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sifo:
- amaqabunga awile adinga ukufakwa noma ukucubungulwa;
- amahlumela onegciwane kufanele anqunywe futhi ashiswe;
- kuyadingeka ukufafaza isihlahla ngesisombululo se-manganese - 7%;
- phinda ngemuva kwesonto - ngesisombululo esingu-5%;
- fafaza futhi emva kokuvuna.
Izithelo zibola - izindawo ezinsundu zakhiwa ezithelweni, inani lazo likhula njalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvela izinhlamvu zamakhowe ezimhlophe. Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ziyawa, noma ezomileyo zihlala zibonakala esihlahleni.
Izinyathelo zokulawula: Zonke izithelo eziwile nezinegciwane kufanele zisuswe engadini, ziphathwe nge-1% Bordeaux liquid. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufafaze izihlahla ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu:
- inundu;
- i-aphid;
- hawthorn.
Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukubabhubhisa, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi uzofa.
Ama-aphid adla izinso ngaphakathi, umunca ijusi emaqabungeni nasezimbali, kuyilapho iphindaphindeka ngokushesha.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- ashise izindawo ezilimele zesihlahla;
- phatha izingxenye ezilimele ngesisombululo: 40 g yesepha ngomhluzi kagalikhi noma yarrow;
- ukucubungula ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
I-Hawthorn - isibungu esimpunga nsundu nemivimbo emnyama. Ihlasela izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, idla amaqabunga namaqabunga.
Indlela yokulwa:
- ukuheha izinyoni ezidla kuzo;
- fafaza ngezindlela ezikhethekile: umhluzi womhlonyane, utamatisi ne-yarrow.
UPeduncle futhi idla amaqabunga futhi cishe, futhi futhi ngenxa yalokho, izithelo zakhiwa izibungu.
Indlela yomzabalazo:
- ushise izingxenye zomuthi ezilimele, uphinde ubambe inhlabathi eseduze kwesihlahla;
- beka i-naphthalene noma umhlonyane emagatsheni, iphunga labo lizokwethusa izinambuzane;
- inqubo nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula aseBogatyr yisithunzi sanoma iyiphi ingadi... Izinga lesithelo alishiyi muntu ongenandaba.