Iklabishi ngesinye sezitshalo ezivame kakhulu. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zale mifino. Ukwehlukahluka ngakunye kunikezwe izinzuzo nezinkinga zako. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zithathwa njengeklabishi leSlava. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ukutshalwa kwayo kanye nezici zokukhiqiza ziphindwe kaningi kunezinye izitshalo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zeSlava
ISlava ingenye yezinhlobo zakudala zeklabishi elimhlophe, laphakathi nonyaka. Lesi sitshalo sitholwe ngekhulu elidlule, e-All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding. Umbhali kwakungu-EM Popov, okwathi lapho ewela amasampula angaphandle, wakhulisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobonhlobo zeSlava: iGribovsky 231 kanye ne-1305. Ngo-1940, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zahlukaniswa kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, lapho, ngenxa yezimfanelo zazo ezinhle, zathola ukuthandwa kakhulu.
Izici ezijwayelekile zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ubukhulu, ujusi kanye nesivuno. Izinhloko zeklabishi ziyakhanga, ziyindilinga noma ziyisicaba kancane. Amaqabunga angaphandle aluhlaza okotshani, ngokuqhakaza okuncane kwe-waxy, oku-wavy onqenqemeni. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi semfoloko siqukethe amaqabunga amhlophe amhlophe. I-subspecies ngayinye isetshenziswa ngokuphelele kokubili okusha nasekucubunguleni. Zihluke kuphela ezinkomba ezilandelayo:
- IGribovsky 231. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezincane siwela ezinsukwini eziyi-100 - 110, ngemuva kokuhluma. Isisindo semfoloko singaba ngu-3 kg. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 sq. m. ifinyelela ku-9 - 10 kg.
- Inkazimulo 1305. Izimfoloko zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kunezinhlobo zazo ezingaphansi. Noma kunjalo, isisindo sabo singama-9 kg. Isivuno futhi siphezulu futhi sifinyelela ku-12 kg. kusuka ku-1 sq. Kepha lapha kufanele uqaphele ukuthi imfoloko yeGlory 1305 ayiminyene kakhulu futhi igcina ibi kakhulu.
Iklabishi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo liphinde lidume ngokunambitheka kwalo nezakhiwo zalo eziwusizo. Izithelo zayo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini namaminerali.
Ukugcina amakhanda eklabishi akukhona ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezine. Ngakho-ke, iningi lesitshalo livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Ekuqaleni, abalimi bazama ukuthuthukisa isivuno semifino ezifundeni zaseRussia, lapho kutholakala khona inhlabathi engeyona i-chernozem. Kepha ngenxa yezimfanelo eziphiwe, imifino ihlwanyelwa kuzo zonke izifunda zeRussia Federation. Nayi incazelo yezinzuzo eziphambili zezinhlobonhlobo:
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- izimfanelo zabathengi;
- ukungathobeki emhlabathini;
- ukumelana nokuqhekeka;
- ukuthuthwa okuhle.
Naphezu kobuningi bezimfanelo ezinhle, lesi sitshalo sinezinkinga zako. Izimfanelo ezingezinhle zifaka: ukungazinzi kwezimpande ze-keel hhayi impilo eshalofini ende yezithelo.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ungatshala iklabishi leSlava ngesithombo esingenambewu. Esimweni sokuqala, imbewu yesitshalo ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela engenazimbewu, imbewu itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu ka-Ephreli.
Akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, kunconywa ukulungisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Kwenziwa ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:
- Imizuzu eyi-10 - 15, imbewu yesitshalo ifakwa emanzini ezingeni lokushisa elingu-55 - 60 ° C.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, bacwiliswa emswakeni obandayo umzuzu owodwa.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu ithelwa amahora ayi-12 ngesisombululo esilungisiwe kusuka kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi no-12 amagremu. i-potassium humate.
- Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kufanele zomiswe bese zibekwa endaweni epholile ezingeni lokushisa elingu-1 - 2 ° C.
Ngemuva kosuku, sezikulungele ukufika.
Imithetho yokuhlwanyela
Njengomthetho, iklabishi leSlava livame ukutshalwa kwizithombo. Ngale njongo, umhlaba uthelwa emabhokisini alungisiwe, ukujula okungu-5 - 6 cm. Uma uyiqinise kahle, ikhishwa nge-disinfected ngesisombululo se-manganese. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3, kwenziwa ama-grooves emabhokisini kude no-3 cm, ukujula okungu-1 cm.Ngaphezulu, ngezinyathelo eziyi-1 cm, imbewu iyahlwanyelwa, okumele ifafazwe ngomhlaba futhi iniselwe ngendlela ye-drip. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amahlumela okuqala, amabhokisi abekwa endaweni efudumele, ngombuso wokushisa ongu-18 - 20 ° C. Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela okuqala, isitsha sidluliselwa efasiteleni, okufanele likhanyiswe kahle yimisebe yelanga futhi libe nokushisa komoya okungu-10 - 12 ° C.
Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wombuso wokushisa, amahlumela eklabishi azolula ngaso leso sikhathi, okuzoholela ekuguqulweni nasekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuthi izithombo zibe namaqabunga aqinile ayi-5, zitshalelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izidingo zenhlabathi zokutshala
Iklabishi leSlava lingakhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Kepha, ngokusho kwezincomo zochwepheshe, izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokuvunwa kungenzeka emhlabathini ovundile loamy, onendawo eseduze yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inketho enhle kakhulu ibhekwa njenge-pH ye-asidi yomhlaba - 6.7 - 7.4.
Kungakuhle ukutshala iklabishi kulezo zindawo lapho bezikhule khona ngaphambilini:
- ukhukhamba;
- isaqathe;
- imidumba;
- amazambane;
- okusanhlamvu.
Abanduleli ababi yilaba:
- utamatisi;
- isithombo sebhitrudi;
- isithombo.
Akunconywa nokuthi kutshalwe iklabishi endaweni efanayo njalo ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokutshala kufanele sibe yiminyaka engu-3-4.
Ukunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene ngemuva kokutshala
Abalimi abaningi bemifino be-novice, lapho befaka iklabishi, benza amaphutha angenakulungiswa, okuholela, ekwenziweni kwembali. Ukugwema lokhu, akunakwenzeka neze ukuvumela:
- ukutshala okunamandla kwezithombo;
- ukufiphaza indawo yokufika;
- umswakama okweqile.
Ukuze isivuno semifino sikhule kahle emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi we-agrotechnical ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukunakekelwa kufaka:
- Ukunisela. Iklabishi isiko elithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke kufanele liniselwe okungenani izikhathi eziyi-7 kuye kwezi-8 ngenyanga.
- Ukuxega. Ukuze isitshalo sithole inani elanele lomoya-mpilo, ngemuva kokuchelela ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukuthi kulungiswe inhlabathi.
- Ukufaka intaba. Le nqubo izokhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande, ngenxa yokuthi imifino izothola izakhamzimba eziningi.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukuthola ama-microelements angeziwe, ukukhulelwa kwe-nitrogen kunconywa emavikini amabili ngemuva kokutshala. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwezimfoloko - i-phosphorus ne-potassium minerals.
Kepha, yize kugcinwa yonke imisebenzi ye-agrotechnical, izifo ezahlukahlukene nazo zingaholela ekwehleni kwesivuno noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele.
Izifo nokuvinjelwa kwazo
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufa kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela izifo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ithebula elilandelayo lizokusiza ukukhomba kahle lesi sifo ezigabeni zokuqala futhi uthole izindlela zokulwa naso.
Igama lesifo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula |
Iklabishi keel | Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kwakheka empandeni yesitshalo. | Ngaphambi kokwehla, indawo yokufika iphathwa nge-lime, ngesilinganiso se-1 kg. ngo-4 sq.m. |
I-Peronosporosis | Amachashaza aphuzi nampunga avela eziqongweni zamaqabunga, bese kuqhakaza okumhlophe ngaphansi. | Ngokuvikela, inhlabathi ibulawa amagciwane. Uma kwenzeka ukugula sebenzisa umuthi "Fitoftorin". |
I-Fusarium | Amaqabunga esitshalo aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile ngokuphelele. | Izitshalo ezithelelekile zisuswa yimpande, kanti indawo yokutshala iphathwa ngama-fungicides e-benzimidazole systemic. |
Izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane zivame ukuba yizimbangela zokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, lapho ziqala ukuvela, isitshalo siphathwa ngamakhemikhali.
Imithetho yokuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka kancane kancane. Isivuno seklabishi siqala ekupheleni kukaJulayi futhi sithatha amaviki ama-2.
Kusetshenziswa imfoloko elimele futhi eqhekekile, ukuvutshelwa, izithelo ziphelele zishiywa ukuze zigcinwe.
Isiko lemifino ligcinwa egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- ulenga ophahleni;
- ukubeka iphethini lokuhlola emabhodini ahlanzekile owomile;
- ukubeka emabhokisini e-lattice.
Akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, ngaphambi kokuthumela amakhanda eklabishi egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, kumele omiswe kahle futhi asongwe ngephepha elihlanzekile.
Akunconyelwa ukusonga isitshalo ngokudla noma ukugoqa kwepulasitiki, ngoba kulokhu kuzofinyela, okuzobangela ukubola kwaso.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izithelo zigcinwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-3-4. Ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu, izinga lokushisa egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba kufanele ligcinwe lisondele ku-0 ° C, futhi umswakama womoya kufanele okungenani ube yi-90%.
Uma ubheke zonke izimfanelo ezinhle, izindlela zokutshala nezici zokutshala, ungaqiniseka ngokuzimela ukuthi iklabishi leSlava alisona isitshalo se-whimsical. Ngokuya ngazo zonke izincomo, lesi sitshalo semifino siyakwazi ukujabulisa wonke umlimi wemifino ngokuvuna okunothile, okumnandi nokunempilo.