Ama-raspberries akhulayo kubhekwa njengokulula kwabanye. Kepha abaningi abazi ukuze ukhule isivuno samajikijolo esicebile futhi esihlwabusayo, udinga ukwazi ezinye izimfihlo ukutshala nokunakekela lesi sitshalo esibonakala singadingi mali.
Ama-raspberry akhulayo ezweni
Ungatshala kuphi?
Ngokukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala ama-raspberry bush, uzozinikeza isivuno esizinzile samajikijolo amnandi futhi anamakha.
Imvamisa abalimi babela izindawo ezimosha kakhulu zokutshala. Akulungile. Isivuno asibalulekile.
Ukuze ijikijolo libe mnandi, udinga ilanga... Okusajingijolo isitshalo esithanda umswakama. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha izindawo zakho:
- Solar.
- Kuvikelwe emimoyeni.
- Imanzi, kepha ayinamanzi (kuhle uma kule ndawo iqhwa eliningi liqoqana ebusika).
- Ngongqimba oluvundile lomhlabathi.
Ngisiphi isikhathi esihle sokulima - ekwindla noma entwasahlobo?
Izihlahla ze-raspberry zingatshalwa kunoma iyiphi inkathi efudumele, kepha isikhathi esihle sokutshala kusekwindla.
Ekwindla, isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokushisa nomswakama. Izihlahla ezigxile ekwindla zikhula ngokushesha entwasahlobo futhi zigule kancane.
Lapho utshala entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sithatha izimpande isikhathi eside. kanti nezinga lokusinda lingaphansi kokutshalwa ekwindla.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yamahlahla okusajingijolo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma izihlahla zitshalwa ekwindla, lapho-ke imigodi yokwehla ilungiswa inyanga ngaphambi kokwehla.
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, imigodi ilungiswa ekwindla. Izithombo ezingatshalwanga ngasizathu simbe kufanele zingcwatshwe ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokutshala izitshalo ezingcwatshwe ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuke.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo
Ama-Raspberries atshalwe kusayithi umsele, umgodi noma umgodi... Futhi indlela ngokusho kwendlela kaSobolev nayo iyathakazelisa. Uyini umehluko?
Umsele
Ama-raspberries, atshalwe emseleni, konga isikhathi ekumnakekeleni... Ukunisela okuncane, kulula ukumboza ebusika, isivuno samajikijolo siyanda.
Imithetho yokufika emseleni:
- Khetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle.
- Ukuze ukhanyise ngokufana umuthi wokusajingijolo, uqondise imisele ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu.
- Ubude bemisele buphikisana, kepha u-60-70 cm ukujula nobubanzi obungu-40-50 cm.
- Uma kunemigqa engaphezu kweyodwa, khona-ke ibanga phakathi kwabo okungenani li-1.5 m.
- Inhlabathi esindayo esindayo idinga ukukhanyiswa. Thela ungqimba luka-10-15 cm lwamatshe noma isihlabathi ngaphansi komsele. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ne-humus. Sabalalisa umanyolo wamaminerali ngaphezulu kwawo nge-1 sq m:
- 200 amagremu we-phosphorus;
- 60-70 amagremu kapotashi;
- 300-400 amagremu okhuni lomlotha.
- ungasebenzisa umanyolo onzima: 200 amagremu we-nitroammofosk noma i-nitrophoska.
- Hlanganisa konke kahle futhi. Phezulu nge-10 cm yenhlabathi evundile. Shiya isikhala samahhala esingu-30-40 cm ngaphezulu komsele.
- Qinisa imiphetho ngama-bumpers. Akufanele zidilike. Ifanele ukuqiniswa: amabhodi, ukufulela okuzwayo noma i-polycarbonate.
- Faka okuthunyelwe okumise okwe-T kusuka emaphethelweni omsele. Ukuphakama 1 m.
- Ukungezwani 2 imigqa yocingo. Ukusuka emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-30-40 nangaphezulu kokuthunyelwe.
- Tshala izithombo kulayini owodwa ngebanga elingu-1 m phakathi kwezitshalo.
- Bamba izimbobo. Beka isitshalo. Mboza ngenhlabathi. Ukuze isitshalo sime siqine, hlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze i-bole.
- Nisela ngamanzi ngezinyathelo ezimbili, izingxenye ezincane, kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi igcwele umswakama ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuchelela, kunconywa ukuthi ukhule inhlabathi ezungeze amajikijolo. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukuthi kome futhi kukusindise inkinga yokhula nokhula. I-peat, i-humus, izinaliti zikaphayini noma umquba kufanelekile njenge-mulch.
- Izithombo ezincane kufanele ziboshwe ocingweni njengoba zikhula. Qala i-garter kusuka ezinhlwini eziphansi.
Indlela yomsele wama-raspberries akhulayo iyasebenza, kepha kuyakhetheka futhi ilungele umuthi omkhulu wokusajingijolo.
Dimple
Uma unenani elincane lamajikijolo, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuwatshala endaweni encane noma ngendlela ehlathini elandelwa ukwakheka komqhele okwakheke okwe fan. Imigodi kufanele ilungiswe emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokutshala.
Imithetho yokufika:
- Bamba izimbobo ububanzi obungu-35-40 cm nobubanzi. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lisuka ku-0.6 m kuye ku-1 m.
- Gcwalisa ngenhlabathi evundile:
- 5-6 kg we-humus;
- 150 amagremu we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili;
- 50 amagremu we-potassium sulfate;
- 200 amagremu okhuni lomlotha.
- Thela ingxube ezansi nomgodi, bese ufaka u-10 cm wenhlabathi engenalutho ngaphezulu.
- Beka umgoqo ozungeze umuthi wesijingijolo. Amabhodi, ukufulelwa okuzwayo, i-slate noma i-polycarbonate izokwenza.
- Sika izimpande zabantu baseSanzeni baze baphile kahle. Sika amahlumela. Shiya u-35-40 cm.
- Yehlisa isitshalo, usakaze izimpande bese umboza ngenhlabathi. Biyela isiqu.
- Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukhololo wezimpande kufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.Ngemva kokuba umhlaba uzinzile, uzobe usezingeni lomhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokuthi kutshalwe ama-raspberries, unisele. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngamanani ama-2-3 ezingxenyeni ezincane. Kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi igcwele umswakama.
- Cwilisa inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, humus, Peat, sawdust noma utshani oqoshiwe kufanelekile.
Ngokusho kukaSobolev
Ngokusho kwabalimi, ukutshala kuphela ama-raspberry ambalwa ehlathini ezweni usebenzisa indlela ye-Sobolev, kungenzeka ukuthi ufike kuma-5 kg amajikijolo avela ehlathini.
Manje iyiphi indlela:
- Ukulungisa imibhede nezindawo zokutshala. Sikhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle bese sibeka umqolo osuka enyakatho uye eningizimu noma usuke empumalanga uye entshonalanga.
- Khipha izinhlangothi emabhodini noma uzenze ziphume kusilayidi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umbhede ungama-20 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Ububanzi bombhede bungu-1 m. Ubude bucishe bufane namahlahla okusajingijolo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo okungenani limitha eli-1. Izihlahla ezingatshalwa njalo zivame ukukhanyiswa kangcono futhi zikhishwe ngaphandle. Kulula ukubanakekela. Izinga lezifo liyancipha. Lokhu kwandisa isivuno samajikijolo.
- Ama-Raspberries atshalwe ogwini ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
- Imigodi imbiwa ngobubanzi obungu-30 * 30 cm. Kutshalwa isithombo esisodwa.
- Yenza trellises.
Akunconyelwa ukutshala izithombo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa emgodini owodwa.... Ama-raspberries akhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15, ngakho-ke izihlahla eziningi endaweni eyodwa zizophazamiseka.
Isivuno sokusajingijolo ngale ndlela naso kuya ngokusika izihlahla okulungile... Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo akhiqize amahlumela amancane, yenza izihlahla zokuqala.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, usike ebangeni elingu-80-100 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Kuyinto elula ukubheka izihlahla kule ndawo. Abanciki emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesisindo sesitshalo.
Ngonyaka wesibili, yenza izihlahla zesibili zezihlahla... Amahlumela asemuva kufanele anqunywe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngalesi sihlahla, isihlahla siba njengesihlahla esincane.
Kukhiqizwa iziqu eziningi zezimbali amajikijolo aboshelwe kuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno esihlahleni siyanda.
Akunconyelwa ukushiya inzalo ekhule ngaphansi kwesihlahla izingcezu ezingaphezu kwezingu-4-5. Inzalo esele iyasikwa, kuthi ngenxenye esele ithenwe ngokufana nesiqu esikhulu.
Ngokwendlela kaSobolev kungcono ukufaka inzalo enamandla endaweni entsha, bese usika wonke amahlumela... Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka okujwayelekile kuphenduka kube yi-remontant. Isihlahla sithela izithelo kuze kube sekwindla.
Ngaphezu kokuthena, amajikijolo nawo adinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, okubandakanya ukuchelela, ukondla nokugunda.
Ngemuva kokwakha umbhede ngokwendlela kaSobolev, umlimi akadingi ukumba nokukhulula inhlabathi. Okusajingijolo isitshalo esithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke kufanele kube khona ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi akudingekile ukuvumela umhlaba wome.
Ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, engeza isigaxa semifino ogwini. Uma kungenzeka, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba omusha njenge-mulch... Umquba usetshenziswa njengomanyolo futhi uvikela inhlabathi ekomeni nokhula.
Uma ungekho umquba, khona-ke sigcina ingadi ngezindlela ezingabizi. Isendlalelo se-mulch kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-10 cm.
Ngaphandle komquba wensimu, ukungabi khona kokudla okunomsoco... Kunganqunywa ngohlobo lwesitshalo: amahlumela abe mancane futhi abe buthakathaka, umbala wamaqabunga uyashintsha - ayagoqeka, kuvela amabala bese imiphetho iyoma.
Esimweni esinjalo ukufaka umanyolo kufanele kwenziwe: Fafaza nge-mullein infusion noma inkukhu yenkukhu ngomlotha wokhuni.
Indlela yokwenza ukumnika: qoqa ubulongwe benkomo engxenyeni yesithathu yesitsha bese uyigcwalisa ngamanzi phezulu. Gcizelela izinsuku ezimbili.
Ngokunisela, kufanele ihlanjululwe emanzini 1:10. Okusho ukuthi, thatha ilitha elilodwa lokumnika ebhakedeni lamanzi, engeza ingilazi yomlotha wokhuni. Faka kahle uthele ama-raspberries.
Ngaphambi kokuthi umboze amajikijolo akho ebusika, udinga ukusika amagatsha athela izithelo empandeni. Iziqu ezincane zesizini yamanje kufanele zigotshwe kahle emhlabathini futhi ziphinwe ngezimfoloko.
Manje vala iziqu ezigoqiwe ebusika. Mboza ngamagatsha abhabhadisiwe, bese umboza ngaphezulu ngendwangu engalukiwe, ngoseyili noma yini etholakalayo. Ebusika, indawo yokuhlala yokufakelwa izombozwa ngeqhwa, elizoyigcina ingabandi.
Indlela yokutshala ama-raspberries kusuka enzalweni
Izinhlobo eziningi zamajikijolo kungenzeka ukuthi ikhule kusuka kwimbewu... Inqubo idla isikhathi esiningi, kodwa iyaheha. Yini edingekayo kulokhu?
- Thenga imbewu yokusajingijolo esitolo noma khetha amajikijolo avuthwe kakhudlwana ezinhlobonhlobo zakho ozithandayo.
- Cindezela i-berry nge-cheesecloth. Umphumela uba gruel. Sihlanza le gruel ngamanzi bese sigeza imbewu. Imbewu engenalutho izontanta phezulu. Azidingeki. Qoqa bese womisa okusele.
Imbewu ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ikhule ezimbizeni ekhaya.
Enkundleni evulekile
Ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, embhedeni olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, tshala imbewu ekujuleni okungu-2 cm... Mboza nge-humus nesihlabathi kusuka phezulu.
Sishiya imbewu ebusika. Entwasahlobo imbewu izohluma. Ukuqhubeka nokunakekelwa njengenjwayelo.
Ezimbizeni zezimbali
Ukukhulisa izithombo zokusajingijolo ezimbizeni, imbewu kufanele ihlukaniswe... Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu ku-napkin emanzi esiqandisini amasonto amabili.
Ngemuva kokutshala ezimbizeni noma ebhokisini elikhethekile. Lungisa umhlaba ovulekile hlanganisa i-peat nenhlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-50 * 50.
Ukutshala ezimbizeni ngoMashi: tshala imbewu ibe ngu-0.5 cm, unisele njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Kufanele futhi uvundise njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 nge-urea.
Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ihlume sikhula izithombo ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa... Bese ufaka izithombo zokusajingijolo emhlabathini ovulekile.
Manje uyazi mayelana indlela yokutshala ama-raspberries ngezindlela ezahlukeneUngamnakekela kanjani, ungitshala kanjani ama-raspberries kusuka embewini. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhule isivuno esihle futhi esihlwabusayo se-raspberry.
Yabelana ngendaba nabangani bakho, futhi ubhalisele izindatshana ezintsha.