Abafuyi baseDashi abanike umhlaba hhayi kuphela inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-tulip, kepha nezinhlobonhlobo ze-elite zamajikijolo. Inhloso yokuthuthukisa inzalo entsha kwakungukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezifanele ukutshalwa ezimbonini, zibe nokunambitheka okubonakalayo, isakhiwo esinyene, esingavumela ukulethwa kwezithelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukwethula kwazo. I-sonata ye-Strawberry inazo zonke lezi zimfanelo.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-sitata sonata
Izinhlobonhlobo zakhuliswa ngabalimi baseDashi futhi zingezokuvuthwa kwaphakathi nonyaka. Kusukela kokhokho, i-hybrid ithole isivuno esihle - 1-1.5 kg ehlathini ngalinye, ukumelana nezifo nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo.
Isihlahlana esinamakhasi amancane osayizi omncane onamaqabunga amile ombala oluhlaza okomnyama kanye nombuso oshwabene. Iziqu zezimbali ezinamandla, eziphethe amajikijolo amakhulu kalula, zifinyelela ezingeni lamahlamvu noma zikhule ngaphezu kwawo.
Ukukhishwa kwentshebe kuphawulwa kancane, ngokungafani nokwakheka kwama-inflorescence, okuthi, ngokusho kwencazelo, akhe inani elikhulu lempova. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sinezimpova kahle futhi sithela izithelo.
Isikhathi sokuthela siqala ngoJuni, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili. Isikhathi sokuthela ngu Amaviki angu-4-6... Ngaphandle kokufakelwa kabusha, isivuno sitshalwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngaphandle kokulahleka kwesivuno.
Sonata ekahle ekukhuleni kwezimboni kanye nasekhaya... Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakhula futhi ithele izithelo ngokulinganayo emibhedeni evulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lokhu kungenxa yokungathobeki kwesitshalo nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo esimweni sezulu esipholile. Lapho kwenziwa ukuvikelwa okushisayo kuma-agrotextiles, ama-strawberry angatshalwa ngisho nasenyakatho yeYurophu.
Izici zamajikijolo
Ukuma kwamajikijolo kubanzi kuyindilinga, kufana nenhliziyo. Isithelo sinombala obomvu ngokukhanya okucacile, sinesakhiwo esinyene, inyama ebomvu ephinki. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kunamanzi ngobumuncu obuncane bokufiphaza. I-Strawberry ububanzi ifinyelela kuma-35 mm (40-50 amagremu).
Ngaphezulu kwama-70% wesivuno ihambelana nezinkomba ezijwayelekile, ezibonisa ukuthengiswa kanye nenani elincane lamajikijolo akhubazekile. Noma kunezimvula ezinamandla, igcina ukubukeka okuhlangene, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, eziqhuma ngomswakama omningi.
Inqubo yokuqoqa nokuhambisa ayizonakalisi izimfanelo zangaphandle zesithelo. I-sonata igcina ukubukeka okusha isikhathi eside impela.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda esikhulayo
USonata wazalwa abalimi abavela eHolland ngo-1990 ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili - U-Elsanta noRegiment... IFresh Forward ingumnikazi welungelo lobunikazi le-hybrid evelayo futhi yenza ukugadwa kwamalayisense.
Abadali babekhathalela ukuguquguquka kwemisebenzi, benika ama-strawberry enekhono lokuthela izithelo ngaphandle nangaphandle kwezakhiwo zokushisa. Lesi sitshalo sijwayela cishe noma yiziphi izimo, okwenza sikwazi ukutshala amajikijolo ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Umsebenzi wokuzalisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeSonata uthathe cishe iminyaka eyi-14.
it enye yamaphrojekthi aphumelele kakhulu Abafuyi abangamaDashi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ubuchwepheshe babo buthathwa njengobuyimpumelelo, obulungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zeSonata zibonakala ngalezi zimfanelo ezinenzuzo ezilandelayo:
- ukubumbana kwehlathi;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningi;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukungathobekingenxa yekhono lokuzivumelanisa;
- isikhathi sokuthela isikhathi eside (kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni kuya ku-Agasti);
- isakhiwo esinyene esivumela ukuqoqwa nokuthuthwa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa isethulo;
- ukufaneleka kokutshalwa kwezimboni kanye noshukela;
- isivuno esikhulu.
I-sonata ayinakho ukushiyeka:
- ukwakheka kwamadevu abuthakathaka;
- ukumelana okuphansi kwe-verticillosis;
- ngomswakama ophezulu, ukubola kwenhliziyo noma uhlelo lwempande kuyakhula;
- izidingo kumanyolo oqinisiwe kanye nokulinganisela kokufakwayo kwe-micronutrient.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuqinisekisa ukuvuna esikhathini sokuqala, esiphezulu sesibili.
Izithombo ezikhethiwe kufanele zibe namaqabunga ama-4-5, lapho awekho amabala noma amadiphozi, umbala - ngisho, isikhumba esinwebekayo. Uphawu lwekhwalithi enhle uphondo olujiyile (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-0.7-0.8 cm).
Ihlumela elivilaphayo kufanele lilahlwe, kukhethwe elisha elinempande enemicu engaphezu kuka-7 cm Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abanolwazi, izithombo ezikhuliswe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-frigo zizibonakalisile kahle.
Ifanele ukudala imibhede icebo libalele... Okufanelekile, kufanele ivikeleke emoyeni yimithi emide noma izihlahla ezikhula eduze.
Izinga eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma ingadi yemifino ephansi ingadala ukubola kwezimpande noma ukutheleleka kwefungal. Ngakho-ke, indawo egqumeni izothandeka.
Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kususwe ukhula nemfucumfucu... Ukhula kufanele lwenziwe ngokucophelela, kususwe izimpande ezishumeke ngokujulile enhlabathini. Le nqubo izokwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwama-strawberry ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthela.
Lapho ukhetha isiza, kufanele kunikezwe indawo lapho imifino enamaqabunga, u-anyanisi, igalikhi noma imidumba kwakutshalwe phambilini.
USonata uyathanda ukukhanya okuncane okune-asidi, nenhlabathi ebaluleke kakhulu evundile.
Izinga lokudla okunempilo ungalinquma ngezitshalo ezikhula kusayithi:
- i-white clover ihlala enhlabathini empofu;
- intwala yezimbabazane nezinkuni ikhombisa ukuba khona kwe-nitrogen, okungafaki ukwethulwa komanyolo we-nitrogen;
- i-coltsfoot, i-horsetail, i-sorrel yamahhashi ikhula enhlabathini esindayo, okusho ukuthi kufanele ihlanjululwe ngesihlabathi.
Cebisa isayithi ngezakhamzimba kangcono umquba noma umquba obolile... Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala (ekwindla, uma ukutshala kuhlelwe entwasahlobo) noma amasonto amabili ngaphambi komsebenzi wentwasahlobo. Umquba oluhlaza usetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane.
Ukwehla kunconywa ngoJulayi noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ibanga phakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa - 25-30 cm... Izithombo zikaJulayi zizoba nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha, zenze ama-buds, azoqinisekisa isivuno ngesizini ezayo.
Ukwahluka kwentwasahlobo nakho kubonakala ngezimo ezinhle zenqubo yemifino. Isikhathi esibi kakhulu ukwehla sekuphela ihlobo nasekwindla. Lesi sitshalo sizoba nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kepha ngeke sithole amandla ebusika.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukunisela
Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo esitshalweni ukuchelela okuningi kuyadingeka... Ngemuva kokuzivumelanisa nezimo, inani lamanzi liyancipha.
Ukunisela kwenziwa kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ama-strawberry adinga ukuthola amandla ngaphambi kobusika. Ukunisela entwasahlobo kubonakala ngamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuncipha ekuqaleni kokuthela (isilinganiso esincane ngamalitha ayi-7 nge-1m2). Kunoma ikuphi, kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo senhlabathi ukuze kugwenywe umswakama owedlulele.
Imvamisa yokunisela izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto.
Kuniselwa imvula noma ukunisela ngenkasa.
Umanyolo
Izinhlobo zeSonata ukukhetha mayelana nokwakhiwa komanyolo... Izithiyo ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zibe ne-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron nezinye izinto zokulandela umkhondo.
Entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen okhuthaza ukukhula kwesihlahla. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ungaphatha inhlabathi ngama-Azophos ngokuxuba izipuni ezimbalwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesisombululo ngu-1 litre.
Ukwengeza isivuno Kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze amahlathi ngesisombululo esilungiswe ngesisekelo sebhakede lamanzi no-5 ml izingoma ezilandelayo: iRyazanochka, iSudarushka.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Izihlahla ngo-Agasti idinga ukusikwa futhi usule imibhede yokhula nemfucumfucu. NgoSepthemba, inhlabathi icebiswe umquba obolile noma umanyolo wamaminerali. Ekupheleni kuka-Septhemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, imibhede imbozwe ungqimba (5 cm) wotshani noma i-agrofibre.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe ngoJulayi zizoqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo. Uma izithombo bezingenaso isikhathi sokuthola amahlumela, kuzokwazi ukuvuna isivuno ngesizini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-sonata ye-Strawberry ayingeni kalula isikhutha esiyimpuphukunezinye izinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, amaphuzu abuthakathaka anjalo ukubola kwenhliziyo nezimpande... Futhi, lesi sitshalo siyazwela i-verticillosis.
Ukuvimbela okufika ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga:
- ukutshala izihlahla endaweni ebekiwe, ukugwema ukuqina kwemibhede;
- ukuhlanza ama-strawberry emaqabungeni nakumahlumela alimele;
- ukuvuselela;
- ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa umquba omusha;
- ukucubungula izimpande zezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate;
- ukuvimbela ukomiswa kwenhlabathi nokungena kwamanzi.
Uma kutholakala i-verticillosis, izihlahla kufanele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Isibonelo, iBenorado, iFundazol. Ukufafaza ngeFundazol, iTeldor, iBayleton noma ezinye izindlela kuzosiza ukumisa ukunqotshwa kwezitshalo ngokubola okumpunga.
Ungasusa ukubola kwezimpande (i-rhizoctonia) kuphela ngezindlela zokuvimbela, ngakho-ke akufanele ungayinaki inqubo yokulungiselela.
Ukutshala ama-strawberry kumnandi futhi kujabulisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho isivuno siningi. Ngokuhlukahluka kwe-sonata, lokhu kungenzeka impela, kufanelekile ukwenza umzamo omncane, ukunakekela ubuhle obumnandi.