Igama elikhulu kangaka lokuhlukahluka ngokungangabazeki lizodonsela ukunaka kwabalimi abanolwazi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, wonke umuntu uphupha ngezithelo zekhwalithi enhle kanye nesivuno esikhulu. Utamatisi Amaphawundi ayikhulu aphila ngokuvumelana negama lawo, futhi ngezansi sibheka izici zayo nencazelo, izinzuzo, ububi nemithetho ekhulayo.
Izici kanye nokuchazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zotamatisi zamakhulu amakhilogremu
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazalwa ngabalimi baseRussia. Lolu hlobo lwamatamatisi maphakathi no-ekuseni isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokuya ngezici - Izinsuku eziyi-120-125... Ihlukile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu.
Lolu hlobo lukatamatisi luyatshalwa, kokubili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemkhakheni ovulekile... Lapho selikhulile endaweni yokugcina izithombo, isihlahla, ngokusho kwencazelo, sikhula sibe ngamamitha ama-2 ubude. Enkundleni evulekile ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, awekho amaningi kuwo esiqwini. Izithelo zimi okwe-pear, zine-ribbed. Izithelo isisindo kusuka ku-160 kuya ku-350 gr., umbala ubomvu ngokugqamile. I-pulp iyinyama, ukunambitheka kumnandi, kunezimbewu ezimbalwa. Isikhumba siqinile kepha asikho simbi.
Ikhula emabhulashini wezingcezu ezi-5-6.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi Amakhilogremu ayikhulu, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isivuno semifino, sinezinzuzo nezinkinga zaso. Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zifaka:
- isivuno esihle;
- ukunambitheka okukhulu;
- ungaqhekeki;
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba;
- okuqukethwe kwekhalori eliphansi;
- ingakhula kokubili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kunoma yiziphi izifunda;
- isikhathi eside sokuthela;
- Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu;
- ukuthuthwa okuhle;
- ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekuphekeni;
- uyakwazi ukuvuthwa;
- ukumelana okuphezulu nezifo.
Okubi kwalokhu kuhlukahluka kufaka phakathi isidingo sokuncinza nokubopha izihlahla.
Ukulungiselela nokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Imbewu ethengwe esitolo ayidingi ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokuhluma. Imbewu eqoqwe ngezandla zakho kufanele ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyela.
Ukulungiselela imbewu wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukukhethwa... Gcoba imbewu kusixazululo se-saline imizuzu eyi-10. Shiya kuphela imbewu ecwile phansi. Susa imbewu entantayo, njengoba ingakulungele ukutshalwa;
- Ukubulala amagciwane... Ukuze uvikele izifo, phatha imbewu ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate;
- Cwilisa... Ukuze kuhlume kangcono, cwilisa isikhuseli sokukhula;
- Ukuqinisa ukwenza ukuthuthukisa ukuzijwayeza kwesitshalo kunoma yiziphi izinguquko zezulu. Faka imbewu esikhwameni sendwangu bese uyifaka esiqandisini amahora ayi-13;
- Ukuzifudumeza ... Imbewu iyashiswa amahora angu-6 ngemuva kokuqina ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-20;
- Ukuhluma... Faka imbewu esosweni ephepheni lokuhlunga elimanzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi iphepha lihlala limanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi imbewu ihluma.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kufanele lungisa umhlabathi... Lokhu kungenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi evela engadini ngezingxenye ezilinganayo ne-peat nesihlabathi somfula esihlungiwe. Ukwenza i-asidi ibe yinhlabathi ngokwejwayelekile, engeza umlotha enhlabathini elungisiwe;
- Khipha amagciwane ngesisombululo esishisayo sama-manganese aqinile.
Thela inhlabathi elungiselelwe esitsheni futhi ulinganise kahle. Hlwanyela imbewu kuma-grooves ekujuleni kwe-0.7 cm ngebanga le-2 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Fafaza ama-groove ngengqimba encane yenhlabathi bese uthambisa ngebhodlela le-spray. Mboza isitsha nge-polyethylene bese usiyisa egumbini elimnyama elinamazinga okushisa +25 degrees.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5, lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, susa i-polyethylene esitsheni bese uletha izithombo egumbini elikhanyisiwe. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinhle udinga dala ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe... Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa amalambu we-fluorescent. Ukunisela kufanele kube ngokulinganisela.
Lapho amaqabunga amabili evela ezitshalweni, ayadingeka tshala ezimbizeni ezihlukene ngomthamo welitha elilodwa.
Kuyadingeka ukufakelwa kabusha ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande olungakaqiniswa okwamanje.
Kungcono ukutshala izithombo, ukumba ngokucophelela, ngesigaxa somhlaba kusuka endaweni yangaphambilini yokukhula. Uma izithombo zinamaqabunga ama-3-4, kufanele wenze inqubo ukuqina.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala, kufanele uvule iwindi egumbini amahora amathathu. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okusalungiswa. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ezizayo, phatha izithombo ku-loggia evulekile amahora agcwele emini. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, shiya izithombo ku-loggia ubusuku bonke.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Faka izithombo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezineminyaka yobudala Izinsuku ezingama-60... Uma uhlela ukukhula ngaphandle, ukufakelwa endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula kuyenziwa Meyi 10-15.
Imvamisa yokutshala izithombo zilandelana - 35-45 cm... Isikhala somugqa 65-75cm... Nisela inhlabathi ngesisombululo esishisayo sama-manganese aqinile ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha izithombo. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kusuka enkonweni yokunisela, zifakwe ngokhuni noma nge-humus bese kufakwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukunisela okulandelayo kufanele kube ngokulingene njengoba inhlabathi iyoma.
Isihlahla kufanele sakhiwe ngeziqu ezi-1 noma ezi-2... Kuyadingeka ukuthi ubophele izihlahla ezisekelweni ngokushesha nje lapho phezulu kwesihlahla kuqala ukugoqana.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula, kubalulekile ukufaka umanyolo ezitshalweni i-mullein ebilile... Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, uhlelo lwempande luyavuthwa umlotha noma umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen... Okwamanje ukwakheka kwezithelo ngesixazululo i-soda ne-boric acid noma umanyolo oqukethe i-magnesium sulfate.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngaphandle kokuthi isitshalo sinokuzivikela ezifweni, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela:
- Lapho ufika gwema ukuqina;
- Ungatshali utamatisi enhlabathini lapho kukhula khona izaqathe, ukhukhamba, iklabishi, u-anyanisi, itheniphu ngaphambili;
- Ungatheleli ezimeni zomswakama eziphezulu
- Ukunisela ngaphansi kwempande;
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus.
Utamatisi ungathinteka yizinambuzane ezilandelayo:
- isicabucabu;
- Ibhungane laseColorado;
- i-aphid;
- i-greenhouse whitefly.
Ukuze ulwe nama-aphid, ungageza amaqabunga ehlathini isixazululo sensipho yokuwasha... Ezinye izinambuzane kungabhekwana nazo ngokufafaza izitshalo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Izibungu zezinambuzane ukuqoqa ngesandla.
Ukuvuna
Izithelo zePuddle ziyavunwa ezinsukwini eziyi-120-125 kusukela ngesikhathi sokufika. Izithelo ezintsha zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasaladi. I-pulp enamanzi yotamatisi isetshenziselwa ukuthola ijusi, i-ketchup, unamathisele. Yilezo kuphela izithelo ezivuthwa ekugcineni kubhulashi ezingagcinwa zonke.
Ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwabalimi abakhulisa izinhlobonhlobo zamakhilogremu ayikhulu kusayithi labo, isivuno esihle nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kuqinisekisiwe. Futhi ukunakekelwa okungathobeki kwenza lokhu kuhlukahluka kutholakale kulinywe ngisho nakwabaqalayo.