Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintathu zama-plums: Ekuseni, Yakhontovaya naseMalakhovskaya. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo, njengezinye, zibonakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpande, amaqabunga, ukubonakala kwesithelo, nezinye izinto eziningi. Ungathola incazelo eningiliziwe ngezansi.
Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo zokuzalela
Umlando wokuvela kokuhlukahluka kwasekuseni iqala e-All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery ngokuwela izinhlobo iSkorospelka red neRenclode Ullensa. Ekugcineni, Yakhontovaya ezifuywa ngokukhetha I-Eurasia-21 neSmolinka. Esikhathini sika-1971-2007 kwakukhona wazala iplamu iMalakhovskaya eMichurinsky Garden phakathi kwabanye.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izinzuzo nezinkinga
Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini uzothanda izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Izinzuzo zasekuseni zifaka ukuzethemba. (musa ukwakha amaqanda ngemuva kokuvotelwa kwezimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zazo ngempova), ukuthela okuvamile, ukuvuthwa okusheshayo, ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo. Kunokubi okumbalwa kakhulu: ukuthambekela kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
- Yakhontova ubheka ukumelana amakhaza njengoba izinzuzo., okumvumela ukuba abekezelele ubusika ngezikhathi ezithile ezilula (kubekezelela ukususa ama-degree angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili kuya kwamashumi amathathu eqhwa) kunalokho okunikezwayo, isibonelo, i-Morning, kunesivuno esiphakeme nekhwalithi yezithelo ngokwazo, kuthela izithelo njalo ekukhuleni kwaminyaka yonke, amagatsha ezimbali kanye nezinhlumela, izithelo ezinkulu , ithambo lisalela kalula ngemuva kombungu. Awekho amaphutha atholiwe.
- Malakhovskaya okwesibhakabhaka, njengezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini, inokumelana nesithwathwa okuhle, inezithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezijabulisa njalo isihlahla sabaninizo. Izinhlobonhlobo azinakho okubi.
Izifunda ezifika kahle
ICentral Morning ibhekwa njengesifunda esivumayo sokuhlala phansi.... Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, ezindaweni ezinjengeSiberia, ukuhluma kwalolu hlobo akunakwenzeka. Kokunye, kucishe kufane, okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuqhubekayo. Okwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili indawo yokufika yendawo yonke, okungenakubizwa ngokuthi yi-plus.
Ukutshala izithombo nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kweplamu
Ekuseni
Izithombo zitshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo... Zitshalwe emgodini ngamasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu nesithupha ukujula futhi cishe ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kumashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ububanzi. Indawo yokuhlala kufanele ibe selangeni eliqondile. Umanyolo otholakala kalula walolu hlobo kuzoba umquba.... Sithatha amakhilogremu ayishumi nanhlanu. Hhayi okusha neze! Kumele kuqala "icutshungulwe" esigxotsheni. Lapha sifaka uhhafu wekhilogremu we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili noma ikhilogremu elejwayelekile, amagremu ayikhulu e-potassium chloride noma ikhilogremu lomlotha wokhuni.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa minyaka yonke ukufaka ama-plums nge-urea ngokulingana kwamagremu angamashumi amabili ngemitha eyisikwele. Ekwindla kuyelulekwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphate.
Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe futhi ube manzi. Ukwamukela isicoco, abanikazi kumele thena izihlahla zakho njalo... Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukususa amafile, iqhwa, namagatsha okuvimba ukukhula kwabanye. Okufanayo kuyalulekwa ukuthi kwenziwe ngezimpande zezinye izitshalo eziseduze kwesihlahla.
Ungakhohlwa ngokunisela, Morning uthanda umswakama, ikakhulukazi ehlobo... Izihlahla eziphansi ezingafika kumamitha amabili ukuphakama zidinga amabhakede amathathu kuya kwamane masonto onke, kanti izihlahla ezinkulu zidinga amabhakede amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Ubusika yisikhathi esibi kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo. Ungasiza izihlahla ngokuzimboza ngomhlaba bese unyakazisa iqhwa emagatsheni, ulinyathele ezimpandeni.
Yakhontova
Futhi kutshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, amanzi aphansi komhlaba kumele abe ngaphansi kunemitha elilodwa nohhafu ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi... Kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuya kumashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ububanzi namashumi ayisihlanu kuya kumashumi ayisithupha amasentimitha ukujula (ngokuqondene nenhlobonhlobo yangaphambilini). Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa isithombo bese sigcwaliswa ngenhlanganisela yomhlaba wesoyi ngomanyolo ophilayo nowamaminerali. Isilinganiso kufanele sibe ngokulandelayo: amakhilogremu ayishumi nanhlanu omquba obolile (noma umquba), ikhilogremu elilodwa le-potassium chloride (noma ikhilogremu elilodwa lomlotha wokhuni). Ukulala konke lokhu, ungakhohlwa ukugubha isithombo bese unyathela umhlaba ezimpandeni. Ikhola lezimpande, ngokusho kwezincomo, kufanele libe sezingeni lamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Bamba imbobo ezungeze isithombo sethu bese usinisela.
Ibhakede elilodwa noma amabili amanzi azokwanela ukunisela. Ukuze inhlabathi igcine umswakama, iphathwa ngesisombululo se-peat noma i-humus. Okwethu isihlahla esincane kumele siboshelwe esigxotsheni sokhuni, esiyifaka ngokucophelela eduze kwayo, ukusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ukuze umoya ungasiphuli isitshalo esisha.
Njalo ngonyaka udinga ukufaka umhlabathi enhlabathini nge-urea engxenyeni yamagremu angamashumi amabili ngemitha eyisikwele, futhi ngemuva kokuthi iplamu iqale ukuthela izithelo, engeza amakhilogremu ayishumi kuya kwayishumi nanhlanu omquba obolile (umquba), amagremu angamashumi amabili nanhlanu e-urea, amagremu angamakhulu amabili omlotha wokhuni. I-Urea ne-nitrogen fertilizer kufanele isetshenziswe entwasahlobo, kanye ne-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium fertilizer, ngokulandelana, ekwindla.
Ungakhohlwa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngesikhathi lapho izithelo zivuthwa - lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama emhlabathini, okuzonikeza ujusi nosizo kwizithelo.
Kwesinye isikhathi umcako osetshenzisiwe usetshenziswa ngamaphesenti amagremu angamakhulu amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili kumitha skwele ngamunye. Ukunakekela iplamu, bakwenzela cishe izilinganiso ezilandelayo zayo: isiqu nomqhele ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amane, aqukethe amagatsha amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa, abekwe ngendlela enhle kakhulu futhi engokwemvelo.
Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyafaneleka ukuthena amagatsha, kususwe izimfoloko ezingadingekile, kuguqulwe indlela yokukhula ukuze kutholakale umphumela oyifunayo ngesimo somqhele. Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele uliqaphele ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ngemuva kokufaka izithelo, susa igatsha ngaphezulu kwegatsha lokuqala eliphezulu elithuthuke kahle ukuthola umqhele omise okwezitsha... Lokhu kuyadingeka ukucebisa isihlahla ngokukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Lapho usika, onke amafindo ayasuswa.
Malakhovskaya
Ngokutshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene bemba umgodi ngamashumi ayisithupha ngamashumi ayisithupha ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha... Thela ikhilogremu elilodwa le-superphosphate lapho, ingilazi ye-lime egayiwe, amabhakede amabili we-humus (iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yenkulumompikiswano), ukuvusa akuvumelekile.
Umlotha noma umquba omusha nawo akufanele usetshenziswe. Lokhu kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande olusencane, okuholele ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Isithombo sitshalwe ukuze iphakethe lapho isithombo sethu silingane nezinga lomhlabathi esizeni. Ngendlela efanayo, neYakhontova sibopha isithombo esigxotsheni. Ngokunakekelwa, kuyalulekwa ukuthi welaphe nge-homom, ingxube ye-Bordeaux, i-chorus, kungekudala, i-alatar, i-kinimix, i-inta-vir, ondle eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokutshala nge-fertika, i-Azofoskoy, i-uniflora nabanye. Minyaka yonke sicubungula amagremu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amane kalamula osikiwe, sigawula izihlahla minyaka yonke.
Ukusakazwa kwePlum
Inqubo yokuzalanisa ama-plums yenzeka ngezindlela eziningi:
- ngokutshala imbewu (ukuthola izithombo);
- inoculation: amahlumela okuxhunyelelwa ayathengwa noma ayasikwa;
- izimpande: usike impande ekwindla bese uyitshala ngokwahlukana;
- izimpande zokusika: simba izimpande ebangeni eliyimitha elilodwa kuya kwesigamu, ngo-Ephreli zitshalwa ngaphansi kwefilimu, ziniselwa, bese ebusika obulandelayo zitshalwe engadini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ake siqale ekuseni... Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nokubola kwezithelo, isifo se-clasterosporium. Lokhu kuhluka kuningi esengozini yokuhlaselwa yizilokazane ezifana nama-aphid namabhu... Kunconywa ukumba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwemiqhele ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuqhakaza, ukusika nokushisa amagatsha ahlaselwe izinambuzane. Uma kwenzeka into efanayo ngezithelo, udinga ukuzibhubhisa, bese uphatha izihlahla ngephesenti elilodwa leBordeaux liquid noma i-nitrafen.
Yakhontovoy, moniliosis, clestosporium ziyingozi... Of the izinambuzane of aphid, amabhu, sawflies. Izincomo ziyefana. Uma uthola izimbali "ezishile", shabalalisa ihlumela. Ngikweluleka ukuthi usebenzise amalungiselelo e-Iskra Bio ne-Inta-vir.
Isiphetho
Kusuka kulo lonke ulwazi olunikezwe lapha, isiphetho esifushane singatholakala. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu, kunzima ukukhetha eyodwa ekahle kunawo wonke amaphuzu: Ekuseni akubekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo, i-Yakhontovaya neMalakhovskaya bathinteka ezinambuzaneni ezahlukahlukene. Konke kuncike kokuncamelayo ngokuya ngezici zezithelo, intengo nokunye, esingakucacisanga lapha. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nesikhathi zokutshala. Lapho ukhetha okuhlukahlukene, cabanga ngokuningiliziwe kwesifunda sakho, ngoba singagcina sithathe isinqumo ekugcineni. Nginifisela impumelelo nempumelelo.