Onogwaja yizilwane ezimnene ezithinteka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuzalanisa akulula, ngoba kungabonakala njengabafuyi bemvundla abasanda kuqala, ngoba imvamisa lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zichayeka esifweni esiyingozi njenge-coccidiosis. Ukuze uvikele inzalo yakho ekufeni, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isifo sizibonakalisa kanjani.
Ukwazi izimpawu, sekuvele kungenzeka esigabeni sokuqala ukwenza ukwelashwa okufanele. Manje iyini i-coccidiosis konogwaja? Ungabhekana kanjani nayo? Ake sihlolisise izimpawu nezimiso zokwelashwa kwe-coccidiosis konogwaja.
ICoccidiosis konogwaja
ICoccidiosis yisifo esibangelwa i-unicellular parasite coccidia. Banomphumela olimazayo esibindi nasemathunjini esilwane. Onogwaja abasebancane abaneminyaka engu-3-4 izinyanga bangenwa yilesi sifo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, abantu abadala abanaso lesi sifo.
Ongoti bathi Amagciwane alesi sifo akhona emzimbeni wonogwaja kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuzalwa kwaso, njengomuntu nje uzalwa enezikelemu namanye ama-helminths. Ukuba khona kwe-coccidia emzimbeni wesilwane akubeki ingozi ethile, into esemqoka ukungavumeli futhi kungakhi izimo zokuzala kwabo okusebenzayo, ukuthuthuka nokubukeka kwesifo i-coccidiosis.
Isitho esithintekile esine-coccidia ngeke sisakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye yokudla okudliwayo ayikwazi ukugaywa, zonke izinto eziwusizo ngeke zifakwe emzimbeni. Ngalesi sizathu, unogwaja ogulayo uqala ukwehlisa isisindo, umzimba uyakhathala ugcine ngokufa.
Onogwaja basengozini enkulu yezifo, ezishintsha izinhlanganisela zokuphakelayo. Lokhu kuchaza amacala lapho unogwaja egula njengomphumela wokushintsha ubisi lwebele kube yimixube yezinhlamvu.
Imithombo nezici zokutheleleka
Ama-cysts amaningi e-coccidial atholakala endle yezilwane ezinegciwane. Kwesinye isikhathi amagciwane adlula indle aye ezintweni ezizungezile, ukudla, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwabanye abantu abaphilile. Ngakho-ke, umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka nge-coccidiosis uthathwa njengokuxhumana nokungcola ngomlomo.
Imithombo yokutheleleka nge-coccidiosis ifaka phakathi:
- Ngemixube yokuphakelayo, amanzi, nangobisi, oluqukethe i-coccidia evuthiwe;
- Ukutheleleka ngokusebenzisa indle yabantu abanegciwane;
- Kwezinye izilwane ezithwala igciwane lesifo;
- Ubisi lukanogwaja ongumhlengikazi onegciwane lesifo;
- Amagundane ahlukahlukene, izinyoni, izinambuzane;
- Amathuluzi, umfaniswano wabasebenzi basepulazini.
Imvamisa, izilwane zitheleleka ngalesi sifo kulawo mapulazi lapho abasebenzi benganaki ekunakekelweni kwabo kanye namazinga afanele enhlanzeko angabonwa. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezihlala emakhejini angcolile zidla indle equkethe i-coccidia bese ngemuva kwalokho itheleleka.
Izici ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo:
- Ukugcina onogwaja ekhejini elilodwa endaweni egcwele abantu;
- Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemikhuba yokuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwabantu abasha;
- Uma amaseli abekwe endaweni engafanele, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amagundane noma izinyoni zingene kuwo, zithwele izinto ezithathelwanayo;
- Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho yenhlanzeko kanye neyezilwane yokugcina lezi zilwane.
Lesi sifo asisakazeki ngamaconsi asemoyeni, siwumqedazwe ngokwemvelo. Ukusabalala kwayo kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi lapho izinto eziphilayo zamagciwane zingena kuhlu lwezimpahla, izingubo zokusebenza zabasebenzi basepulazini, ama-feeder, okuphakelayo nezinye izinto, zidluliselwa ngokushesha ezinkanjini zezilwane.
Ngenxa yalokhu, yonke inzalo ehlala kulawa maseli ithelelekile. ICoccidia imelana nezinto ezinolaka, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nokubulala amagciwane akusizi ukususa lezi zinambuzane. Ukuphela kwento ebulala lezi zinambuzane ukwelashwa kwegumbi ngamanzi ashisayo.
Izinhlobo zezifo
Ngokuya ngendawo yokwabiwa kwamagciwane athathelanayo, lesi sifo sinalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Coccidiosis emathunjini;
- I-hepatic coccidiosis.
Izimpawu zalezi zinhlobo zokutheleleka zihlukile.... Ukuze unikeze ukwelashwa okufanele, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zezinhlobo ezimbili ze-coccidiosis ukuze uyithole ngesikhathi futhi uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zonogwaja coccidosis
I-coccidiosis ivela ngendlela ebukhali futhi engapheli. I-coccidiosis esesimweni esibucayi ibonakala ngosuku lwesithathu ngemuva kokunqotshwa.
Kodwa i-coccidiosis esesimweni esingelapheki yenzeka lapho lowo muntu esevele egula futhi elulama kulesi sifo. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye zezinto ezibangela ukutheleleka zihlala emzimbeni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye azilimazi izicubu zesibindi namathumbu.
Izimpawu zamathumbu
I-coccidiosis yamathumbu ibhekwa njengefomu eliyingozi elithuthuka ngokushesha. Kuhambisana nezimpawu ezinzima.
Ngesikhathi sohlobo lwamathumbu lesifo, izimpawu ziyavela:
- Ukuqala kokushintshashintsha isifo sohudo ngenkambo esheshayo nokuqunjelwa;
- Indle yezilwane iqukethe ukukhishwa kwamafinyila negazi;
- Ukwanda okunamandla ekushiseni komzimba. Umzimba wesilwane ushisa ngokwanele ukuthintwa;
- Kwesinye isikhathi uyabona ukuqunjelwa;
- Ukudla okubi noma ukungathandi nhlobo ukudla;
- Ukukhula kancane komzimba wesilwane, ukuma kwaso ngokuphelele;
- Ukukhishwa kwe-purulent emehlweni, ekhaleni;
- Uboya buba ngekhwalithi empofu, bubukeka budidekile, ngaphandle kokukhanya;
- Isisu siba nenkani futhi sigugudeke.
Unogwaja unamajaqamba omzimba agcwele ngaphambi kokuba afe.... Isilwane singawa ngomhlane, kuyilapho iphonsa ikhanda layo emuva futhi inyakaze ngokushesha ngezidladla zayo. Uma izinyathelo ezifanele zingathathwa ngesikhathi futhi kunganikezwa ukwelashwa okufanele, lowo muntu angafa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ukuthola ngokunembile ukuthi umuntu oshonile ubephethwe yi-coccidiosis ngempela, kwenziwa isidumbu. Nge-coccidiosis, ama-specks amhlophe noma ama-nodules akhona esibindini nasemathunjini.
Izimpawu zefomu le-hepatic (uma kunamabala amhlophe esibindini)
Ngokuphambene ne-coccidiosis yamathumbu, izimpawu ezisesimweni se-hepatic azibonakali kangako futhi azibi kangako. Ihlala isikhathi eside, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye ezinsukwini ezingama-59.
Ngendlela yesibindi, isilwane sinezimpawu njengakwi-coccidiosis yamathumbu, kungezwa umbala ophuzi kuphela wolwelwesi lwamafinyila, futhi kuvela amabala amhlophe esibindini.
Umphumela omuhle phambi kwefomu le-hepatic uphakeme kakhulu kunokwamathumbu. Kodwa kaningi lesi sifo siba esingelapheki. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu othelelekile uba yingozi kweminye imvundla, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe endaweni ehlukile. Umuntu onegciwane angafa noma, yena, alulame ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.
Konogwaja, zombili izinhlobo ze-coccidiosis zivame ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwenzeka.
Zingelashwa kanjani izilwane ezigulayo?
Ungayelapha kanjani futhi kanjani i-coccidiosis konogwaja? ICoccidiosis iphathwa kahle ngemithi. Imithi yalesi sifo ithengiswa emakhemisi amaningi wezilwane. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa nokuvikela.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, abantu abanegciwane bafakwa ehokweni elihlukile. Ihhoko, eliqukethe izilwane ezigulayo, libulawa amagciwane futhi lifuthiswa ngomoya oshisayo. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo, khona-ke amathuba okululama azobe ephakeme kakhulu.... Ngokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinga lokusinda lingu-75-80%.
Ungawunikeza kanjani umuthi (unganciphisa kanjani futhi ungakanani umthamo)?
I-coccidiosis konogwaja iphathwa ngemithi elandelayo:
- Vetom;
- I-Baycox;
- I-Sulfadimetatoxin;
- I-Sulfapyridazine;
- Phthalazole;
- Furazolidone;
- I-Solicox.
Imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa:
- I-Sulfadimetatoxin, iSulfapyridazine. Umuthi unikezwa ngamanzi. Kungezwe emanzini okuphuza. Ngosuku lokuqala, u-0.2 amagremu omuthi unikezwa ikhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo somzimba wesilwane, ezinsukwini ezine ezilandelayo zokwelashwa, u-0.1 gram womuthi unikezwa ikhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo somzimba wesilwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuthatha ikhefu izinsuku ezi-5 bese uphinda ukwelashwa futhi;
- I-Phthalazol. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziswa kahle ngokubambisana ne-Norsulfazole. Umuntu othintekile unikezwa amagremu ayi-0.3 eNorsulfazole kanye no-0.1 amagremu we-Phthalazole ngekhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo sonogwaja. Inkambo yokwelashwa ngalezi zidakamizwa kufanele ibe cishe izinsuku eziyi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuthatha ikhefu izinsuku ezi-5 futhi ukwelashwa kuyaphindwa futhi;
- I-Furazolidone... Ngesikhathi se-coccidiosis, unogwaja othintekile unikezwa nsuku zonke ama-30 mg omuthi ngekhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo somuntu ngamunye. Inkambo yokwelashwa isonto elilodwa;
- Baycox... Leli thuluzi libhekwa njengeliphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni i-coccidiosis. Ihlala inomphumela omuhle futhi ezimeni eziningi isiza ukwelapha ngokuphelele lesi sifo esesabekayo. Abalimi abaningi abanogwaja abathi ngisho nezigaba ezithuthukile ze-coccidiosis zingalapheka ngaleli khambi. Imiyalo yaleli thuluzi ikhombisa izindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Ungafaka ama-cubes ama-2 okulungiselela umuntu onegciwane bese uthela umuthi kulowo ophuza ngesilinganiso esingu-0.2 ml ngekhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo sesilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi umuthi uhlanjululwa ngamanzi futhi, ngokwemiyalo, unikezwa isilwane esinegciwane ngomthamo we-10 ml kanye ngosuku. Isicelo esiqondile singacaciswa ekhemisi yezilwane noma ufunde imiyalo yokusetshenziswa ngokuningiliziwe;
- I-Levomycetin neSulfadimezin... Kwesinye isikhathi, nge-coccidiosis, isilwane singanikezwa isixazululo se-chloramphenicol, lo muthi unikezwa ngomthamo wama-gramu angama-40, noma umuthi iSulfadimezin unganikezwa ngomthamo ka-150 mg.
Imithetho yokusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ze-coccidiosis onogwaja ingatholakala kumiyalo yabo. Imiyalo, imiyalo ichaza ngokuningiliziwe izici nemithetho yokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa.
Khumbula, noma ngabe unogwaja wasinda kwi-coccidiosis, kufanele uthunyelwe ukuhlaba. Isilwane esitholakele ngeke silungele ukuqhubeka nokuzala kwenzalo.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu (iodine)
Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi onogwaja bathi ukwelashwa kwe-coccidosis konogwaja kungenzeka ngamakhambi wesintu, ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwe-iodine. Imisa ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwe-coccidia futhi ibangele uketshezi kwalezi zinto ezahlala zingalungiswa yisisu.
Imithetho yokwelashwa kwe-coccidiosis nge-iodine yonogwaja:
- Ngosuku lwama-25 lokukhulelwa, abesifazane baniselwa ngesisombululo se-iodine esingu-0.01% esilinganisweni se-100 ml nsuku zonke;
- Ngosuku lwesi-5 ngemuva kokuvela kwamathole, i-iodine kufanele isuswe ekudleni, ngosuku lwesi-5 ibuyiselwe futhi;
- Iodine kufanele inikezwe abantu ngabanye ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15.... Nsuku zonke, udinga ukunikeza isisombululo se-iodine esingu-0.02% kumthamo wama-200 ml. Ngenxa yalokhu, hhayi kuphela unogwaja ovikelekile ekuthelelekeni, kepha futhi nabancane ngokwabo, ngoba bathola iodine kanye nobisi lukanina;
- Qiniseka ukuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kwezulu lonogwaja abavela kunogwaja udinga ukuphuza isisombululo esingu-0.01% se-iodine. Nsuku zonke, umuntu oyedwa kufanele anikezwe i-50 ml yesisombululo se-iodine;
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, isisombululo se-iodine kufanele sisuswe ekudleni;
- Mayelana ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5, udinga ukunisela izilwane ngesisombululo se-iodine futhi... Baphuza isisombululo esingu-0.02% se-iodine esilinganisweni esingu-100 ml. Inkambo yokwelashwa kufanele ibe yizinsuku eziyi-15.
Ungalokothi unciphise isisombululo se-iodine esitsheni sensimbi. Iodine, lapho ihlangana nensimbi, ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele yizo zonke izakhiwo zayo.
Ukuvimbela izifo
Vele, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ne-iodine kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ekwelapheni i-coccidiosis, kepha umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokuvinjelwa. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela kungavimbela imiphumela ebucayi kuyo yonke inzalo kanogwaja.
Khumbula le mithetho elandelayo yokuvimbela i-coccidiosis onogwaja:
- Amakheji onogwaja kufanele ahlanzwe njalo. Kufanele njalo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zingenawo ubulongwe kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla;
- Kubalulekile ukugeza bonke abaphuza nsuku zonke futhi ushintshe amanzi kubo kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka;
- Abaphakeli kufanele bahlale behlanzekile, yonke imfucumfucu yokudla kufanele isuswe kubo;
- Ukuvimba ukungena kokungena kumaseli ezilwane ngamagundane ahlukahlukene;
- Kubalulekile ukugcina abantu abadala behlukile ezilwaneni ezisencane;
- Izilwane ezisencane kufanele zigcinwe emakhejini avulekile angenamakhanda angaphezu kwama-25;
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungakuhle ukwelashwa izindawo zokuhlala onogwaja nsuku zonke ngamanzi abilayo nesibani se-ultraviolet;
- Ungazondli izingane ezinama-bran, imidumba, i-alfalfa nezinye izingxube zokuphakelayo ezinamaprotheni amaningi;
- Abantu abasanda kuthengwa bagcinwa ngokuvalelwa inyanga eyodwa;
- Kubalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudla kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utshani, utshani noma izimpande zezilimo aziweli ebusweni bomhlabathi ongcoleke indle.
Kukhona ikhambi elihle elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuvimbela i-coccidiosis konogwaja - iZoalen. Lo muthi unikezwa izilwane izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngekhilogremu elilodwa lokuphakelayo, engeza ama-250 mg womuthi nsuku zonke. Kunconywa ukondla onogwaja ngezingxube ezikhethekile ze-granular feed, eziqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekuvimbeleni i-coccidiosis.
ICoccidiosis konogwaja yisifo esiyingozi okunzima ukuselapha. Kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokubonakala kwaso.
Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi bonogwaja abakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukucacisa ubukhona besifo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, ngakho-ke siphenduka isigaba esibi.
Ezimweni eziningi, lapho isigaba sithuthukile, isilwane siyafa, noma ngabe kunikezwa ukwelashwa. Ochwepheshe bezilwane abaningi beluleka ukuthi noma ngabe abantu basinda ngemuva kwe-coccidiosis, kusengcono ukubathuma bayohlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sifo singavela futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Kepha kungenzeka yini ukuthi udle inyama kanogwaja ogula ngecoccidia? Odokotela bezilwane kuleli cala abavumelani nalokhu. Kunoma ikuphi, kungcono ukuthi ungazibeki engcupheni.
Kunconywa ukushisa izidumbu ezife ngemuva kokutheleleka ngoba ukutheleleka kungadlulela kubantu abaphilile.
Futhi ekugcineni, ividiyo emfushane esihlokweni: