Ukukhulisa amazambane ngesiDashi kuyindlela ebheka yonke into encane. Lapho utshala usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, kuvuna kufika ku-250-300 kg wezilimo eziyizigaxa kusuka kumamitha-skwele ayikhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe baseDashi buhlinzeka amazambane:
- imfudumalo eyanele;
- ukutholakala komoya-mpilo ezimpandeni;
- Umanyolo.
Ukukhulisa amazambane kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bamaDashi
Bangaki ubuchwepheshe bamazambane akhulayo akhona
Ngaphezu kokulinywa kwendabuko nokwamaDashi, kunezinye izindlela ezintsha: isiShayina; ubuchwepheshe buthuthukiswe nguJacob Meatlider, Ph.D. kwezolimo, e-USA; Indlela kaGalina Aleksandrovna Kizima, owachitha ubuntwana bakhe esigodini esisebenzayo eSouth Urals.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanelekile
Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuvuselela izinhlobo zamazambane njalo eminyakeni emi-4, ngoba ingagula.
Izinhlobo ezivela eHolland zivikelekile ezifweni, zinokuphakama okukhulu, kepha akunjalo ayifanele ukutshala enyakatho yeRussia... Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe ezifuyelwe izimo zasekhaya lapho.
Kuyadingeka ukutshala amazambane kusenesikhathi futhi sekwephuzile ezweni.
Izinhlobo ezifanelekayo zamazambane aseDutch:
- Anosta - kusenesikhathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphuzi, ngisho. Uginindela ukhilimu. Amazambane avikelekile kuma-nematode.
- I-Red Scarlett - kusenesikhathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibomvu, inyama imhlophe njengeqhwa, ayishintshi umbala uma iphekiwe.
- Impala - ibanga lokuqala. It itshalwe zombili ezifundeni ezimaphakathi zaseRussia naseSiberia Federal District. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50 ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni.
- UJarl - kusenesikhathi. Ngokunakekelwa okungenangqondo, batshalwe ngisho nasemazweni aphelile.
- Ngaphambi - kusenesikhathi. Unesifo sokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, ama-nematode, okulimaza sekwedlule isikhathi.
- URomano - maphakathi no-ekuseni. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibomvana, inyama imhlophe njengeqhwa. Omzimba kuze kube sekwephuzile sekwephuzile.
- UMonaliza - maphakathi no-ekuseni. Ayivikeleki kuzo zonke izifo.
- USante - maphakathi nesizini. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphuzi, inyama inokhilimu. Ukumelana nomonakalo wemishini.
- Eba - sekwephuzile okulingene. Ukuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphuzi.
Izinhlobo zasekhaya:
- UNevsky - ukuhlukahluka kwaphakathi naphakathi. Ayivikelekile kwi-nematode, umdlavuza, utwayi, i-mosaic nezinye izifo. Kodwa ama-minus - izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-0 degrees, ngaphandle kwalokho zizoqhuma.
- Zhukovsky ekuseni... Akuvikeleki ezifweni. Kunambitheka kakhulu, kepha kunesitashi esincane kakhulu ezilwaneni eziyizigaxa, ngakho-ke asibilisi. Ungaqoqa ama-600 kg wamazambane kusuka kumamitha ayisikwele ayikhulu
- Inhlanhla - ibanga lokuqala. Ayivikeleki kuzo zonke izifo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphuzi, inyama imhlophe njengeqhwa.
- Zdabytak - ibanga sekwephuzile. Ukuzivikela ezifweni. Kukhona inani elikhulu lesitashi kwizilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ngabe le ndlela ilungele ukukhulisa amazambane ezweni
Amazambane atshalwa emasimini, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe, nasemakhaya amancane ehlobo, enza yonke imisebenzi ngesandla.
Imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe
Iyiphi indlela yaseDashi
- Ngezilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhulayo, izinhlobo ezivela eHolland zithathwa, zivikelekile ezifweni, lapho kukhula khona inani elikhulu lezilimo eziyizigaxa. Futhi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia kutshalwa izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe ezifuywayo. Khetha okudingekayo nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kuphela... Shintsha izinhlobo ozitshale.
- Izitshalo ze-tuber zikhethwa zibe nobubanzi obungu-3-5 cm, kuhlume ngo-100%.
- Ngokusho kohlelo lokutshala, kutshalwa u-1 m2 Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziyi-6-8... Kubonakala engadini yaseRussia ukuthi ngokutshala okunjalo, umhlaba awunalutho, kepha ngokwalobu buchwepheshe, izihlahla zikhula zinabile, zinezimpande ezinamandla, futhi isivuno sikhulu kunendlela yendabuko yokutshala.
- AmaDashi abuye adle amazambane, kucatshangelwa izidingo zalolu hlobo.
- Kuyadingeka ukukhafula futhi engeza ama-combs ayi-10 cm ukuphakama.
- Ukuvuna kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi. Uma udinga imbewu, khona-ke amazambane ambiwa ngenyanga ngaphambi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zembewu
Ukutshala, kukhethwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo. ububanzi 3-5 cm, okungcono kakhulu.
Amazambane amancane ngosayizi akufanele akhethwe, ngoba izihlahla ezikhulile zizoba buthakathaka kakhulu. Amazambane amakhulu atshalwa kuphela uma isivuno sisuka kwimbewu yabo. Isigaxa ngasinye esikhethiwe sinamehlo ama-5.
Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, amazambane ahluma. Amazambane atshalwa lapho amahlumela emehlweni eyi-0.5 cm, kepha lokhu kwenzelwa ukutshala ngomshini.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ukuze amahlumela angafi ngenxa yesithwathwa esibuyayo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwa ngokucophelela ezikhwameni ze-polyethylene ezinezibambo, lapho amahlumela ephakeme ngo-0.5 cm. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuhambisa amazambane endaweni efika kuyo. Ngokutshala ngesandla, balinda kuze kube yilapho amahlumela, afakwe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, akhule abe ngu-2.5-3 cm.
Ukulima komhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala
Amazambane ngeke abe buhlungu kakhulu futhi angathinteki kakhulu ezinambuzane uma etshalwe endaweni eyodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu... Kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze umhlabathi ukuphumula futhi ungatshali lutho nhlobo unyaka owodwa, kepha gunda ukhula. Uma ungenalo leli thuba, bese utshala izilimo eziyizigaxa endaweni lapho kukhule khona ubhontshisi, uphizi, i-oats, i-rye ngaphambili.
I-Phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen ihlakazekile endaweni eyisicaba ekwindla futhi inhlabathi imbiwa ngokujula okungama-22-27 cm.
Uma une-slope, lapho ekwindla, ungamba umhlabathi futhi ungafaki ukugqoka okuphezulu, ngoba entwasahlobo uzamcolo uzokhukhula zonke izakhamzimba.
Ukunakekela
- Entwasahlobo bamba inhlabathi yenza izimbobo ukujula okungu-6-8 cm... Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa ligcinwa ku-75 cm, naphakathi kwemigodi - 30 cm Kepha ibanga elide kangako linezinzuzo zalo:
- Inhlabathi ye-hilling ithululelwa kusuka emaphaseji, ngenxa yalokhu, izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholakala ngaphezu kwezihlalo. Amaphethelo akhanyiswa kahle yimisebe yelanga, futhi umoya-mpilo unikezwa ezimpandeni.
- Indawo enqamulelayo yomqansa yi-1200-1500 cm².
- Ngemvula enamandla, amanzi awami phansi kwezihlahlana, njengoba kunjalo emaphaseji;
- Uma kushisa futhi kungekho mvula, kunomswakama owanele emmangweni ukuze amazambane angafi ngenxa yesomiso noma imvula noma ukuchelela.
- Umquba obolile noma i-humus kuqala ifakwe emgodini.
- Bese ufaka u-100 g womlotha kanye nedlanzana lamagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe, kanye nocezu oluncane lwe-anyanisi, oluzosabisa i-wireworm nama-slugs.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezibekwe emithonjeni ziyahluma bese ufafaza inhlabathi.
- Uma ubona ukhula selukhulile, lukhiphe.
- Lapho amahlumela ekhula, uwafake ukuze amagquma abe nobude obungu-10 cm.
- Uma kukhona usongo lweqhwa, amahlumela amancane afafazwa ngenhlabathi, futhi amahlumela amade agobile futhi afafazwe ngomhlaba. Lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi, izihlahla ziyaphakanyiswa futhi zithelwe ngamanzi avela enkonweni yokunisela.
- Ezinsukwini eziyi-14 emva kokutshala, kukhishwa ukhula, nenhlabathi emigqeni kufafazwe ngamahlumela ukuze amagquma abe cishe ngamasentimitha angama-25 ukuphakama, ububanzi bezingqimba esisekelweni bube ngu-75 cm, futhi phezulu - 30 cm.
- Lapho amabhungane aseColorado ehlasela, izihlahla zifuthwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
- Uma kunesomiso, khona-ke izihlahla ziniselwa izikhathi eziyi-1-3 ngesizini ngayinye (izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze, kanye - lapho izimbali ziqhakaza).
Uzovuna nini futhi kanjani
Sika iziqongo kuqala, bese umba izihlahla ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
Lapho-ke ikhasi lizoqina, futhi amazambane azokwazi ukuqamba amanga isikhathi esithe xaxa ngaphandle kokonakala.
Okusho ukuthi, ukukhulisa amazambane ngendlela yaseDashi kuhlwanyela izilimo eziyizigaxa ebangeni elingu-30 cm, kubhekwa ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yamasentimitha angama-70. Iphinde ithelwe imibhoshongo ephakeme futhi icabangele isidingo samazambane kumanyolo.