Upelepele wensimbi ungenye yemifino ethandwa kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zikapelepele, uClaudio ubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi, njengoba yaziswa ngezimpawu zayo zokunambitha futhi iqukethe izinto eziwusizo, amavithamini namaminerali ekubunjweni kwayo. Incazelo yalokhu kuhlukahluka ingatholakala kulokhu kubuyekezwa.
Incazelo yezinto eziphilayo nezici ezahlukahlukene
UClaudio watholakala ngochwepheshe benkampani yamaNunhems futhi ungoweqembu lomugqa wezitshalo zemifino waseDashi. Kushiwo izinhlobo zezitshalo zakuqala, ngoba isikhathi sokuvuthwa kusuka ekutshaleni izithombo enhlabathini evulekile noma endlini abamba ukushisa cishe izinsuku ezingama-80.
Lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahla esinamandla, esime kahle, esiphakathi nendawo. Amaqabunga amakhulu, apendwe ngokuluhlaza okotshani ngombala oshwabene kancane. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bamaqabunga, imifino ivikelekile emiphumeleni emibi yelanga.
Izithelo ze-cuboid ezilengayo zinobuso obucwebezelayo. Esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe, imifino inombala oluhlaza okotshani, futhi uma isivuthiwe ithola umbala obomvu ogqamile. Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa singaba ngu-200-250 g. Ngokuya ngamasu okulima ezolimo nezimo ezikahle zesimo sezulu, imifino yakhiwa ibe nodonga olujiyile, udonga lwayo luyi-12-14 mm. I-pulp enamanzi enambitheka enoshukela ebabayo inephunga elimnandi lendabuko kapelepele omnandi wakudala, ngaphandle komunyu ophumile.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
I-Claudio pepper inezinzuzo eziningi:
- phezulu Veza isiko;
- kuhle kakhulu izici zokunambitheka nokubukeka;
- amandla ukuhluma kwembewu iveza ukufana kokuhluma kanye nokuvuthwa okufanayo kwepelepele;
- amathuba okukhula, kokubili emibhedeni evulekile nasezimeni zokushisa;
- ikhono lokuzivumelanisa kalula ne izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene;
- ukuphepha kokwethulwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- izithelo zezinhlobo eziningi, zisetshenziswa ezintsha nezisemathinini.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezinhlobonhlobo, kukhona nokubi, okubandakanya:
- ukuqiniswa okuthe xaxa ku umswakama womhlabathi;
- isivinini esiphansi sokuguquka kusuka ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe kwesithelo kuye amabala agcwele.
Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo beClaudio pepper
Kunconywa ukuthi ucabangele ezinye zezimpawu ngaphambi kokutshala lesi sitshalo semifino engadini yakho. Ukulima kwayo kufaka amasu athile futhi kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana.
Ukutshala imbewu nezimo ezikhulayo zezithombo
Udinga ukutshala upelepele weClaudio usebenzisa izithombo, etholakala embewini, ehlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
I-substrate yenhlabathi kufanele ibonakale ngokungahambi kahle nangokuzala futhi icebe ngezinto eziphilayo.
Izithombo ezikhulayo zifaka phakathi imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu oyidingayo beka emanzini amahora ama-5, izinga lokushisa okungekho ngaphezu kuka-50C. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sesidlulile, bafake endwangwini emanziswe ngamanzi izinsuku ezintathu egumbini elinokushisa okungenani okungama-20̊c.
- Izinto zokutshala ezilungiselelwe faka emabhokisini ukujula okungu-1-2 cm, ukubona ibanga phakathi kwamayunithi wokutshala we-1.5 cm.
- Kuhle uthele bese umboza ngengilazi noma ifilimu esobala ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lomswakama elidingekayo.
- Ukuze imbewu ikhule kahle, udinga ukubeka iziqukathi egumbini, umbuso wezinga lokushisa okufanele ube ngama-24-26 degrees ngaphezu kuka-zero... Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izithombo zithanda ukukhanyisa okuhle, umoya owomile, inhlabathi emanzi futhi azikwazi ukumelana nokusalungiswa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanele, kucatshangelwa okuthandwa yisiko.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, amahlumela okuqala azovela, futhi uzodinga ukukhetha. Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande futhi iqinise izithombo, ngoba njengoba zikhula, ziyacinana futhi azitholi inani elidingekayo lezakhamzimba. Ukwenza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi utshale ngokucophelela amahlumela abe amafomu ahlukile ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
- Beka iziqukathi ezinezithombo endaweni efudumele bese uthele ngamanzi afudumelengaphandle kokufaka amanzi emhlabathini, ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esinjengomlenze omnyama. Kufanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ayomi.
- Nikeza izithombo ukunakekelwa okufanele, okuqukethe ukufafaza izitshalo, ukufaka ikamelo umoya, ukubiya kokungakapheli. Futhi ngosuku lweshumi ngemuva kwepiki, faka umanyolo usebenzisa i-urea ne-superphosphate.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-60-70 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezithombo, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukufakelwa kabusha ukuvula umhlaba
Isayithi kufanele livuleke, libalele futhi lizole, futhi inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula, ibe nomsoco futhi ivuleke nge-aeration enhle. Abandulelayo abahle iklabishi, izaqathe, ama-beet, ithanga.
Ukutshala izithombo ngoMeyi, lapho usongo lweqhwa ludlula, futhi umhlabathi ufudumele ufike ku-13-15 C. Ukutshala kwenziwa ntambama, lokhu kuzovumela izithombo ukuthi zivumelane ngokushesha nendawo entsha.
Izigaba eziyinhloko zokutshala izithombo emhlabathini:
- Isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokutshala Kunconywa ukuqinisa izithombo, ukubakhipha nsuku zonke kusimo sezulu esifudumele selanga amahora amaningi.
- Kukhethiwe nisela isiza kahle, thukulule umhlabathi bese uvundisa, usebenzisa izinto ze-phosphate ne-potassium.
- Ukugcina isitshalo kusuka phansi, kuyadingeka ukufaka izikhonkwane ngesikhathi senqubo yokutshala, lapho izihlahla zizoboshwa khona lapho zikhula.
- Nisela kahle izithombo, ukuze bangakutholi ukuswela umswakama ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakelwa kabusha.
- Bamba izimbobo ubukele ibanga phakathi kwamayunithi wokutshala 40-50 cm, nebanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingamasentimitha angama-60. Ukujula kwamakhefu okutshala kufanele kuhambisane nosayizi wekhola lezimpande lesithombo futhi ngemuva kokutshala kwakulingana nomhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi izihlahla zingasondelani. Lokhu kungathinta ukwakheka kwezitshalo nokukhiqiza.
- Tshala izithombo kanye negabha lobumba, ujula emgodini bese uhhafu uwugcwalisa ngenhlabathi evundile, kuhle ukunisela bese ugcwalisa umgodi phezulu, ngenkathi ushiya amaqabunga e-cotyledon ngaphezulu komhlaba,
- Ngemuva kokwehla mulch ingadi ngopelepele.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Upelepele, njengayo yonke imifino, uthinteka ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa isigaba sokuqala futhi uphathe ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwenani elikhulu lezitshalo, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngezimpawu zezifo nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Izifo ezivamile ezisongela lesi sitshalo zifaka:
- IBlackleg, isifo esingahlonzwa ngombala omnyama wokhololo wezimpande ngesembozo esimpunga. Kancane kancane, ukubola kuthinta uhlelo lwempande futhi kubangele ukufa kwesitshalo.
- Ukulimala okwedlule kubhekwe njengesifo esiyingozi sefungal. Amaqabunga, iziqu nezithelo zimbozwe ngamabala ansundu anendawo eluhlaza okotshani ezungezile. Esimweni sezulu esomile, izindawo ezinegciwane ziyoma, futhi lapho isimo sezulu simanzi ziqala ukubola.
- Indawo yebhaktheriya ikwazi ukudala ukulimala okungenakulungiswa ezihlahleni esiteji sokwakheka kwezithombo. Amabala amnyama ane-edging ephuzi avela emaqabungeni naseziqu, nasezithelweni - amachashazi amnyama amnyama anomngcele wamanzi.
Kulezi zinambuzane, eziyingozi kakhulu ama-aphid, i-Colorado amazambane beetle, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nama-slugs anqunu. Lezi zinambuzane kumele zilwe ngokwelapha izitshalo ngamakhemikhali.
Ukuvikela izifo nokuhlaselwa izinambuzane okulalela ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zentuthuko, udinga ukusebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ugcina le mithetho elandelayo:
- esiteji sezithombo ezikhulayo sebenzisa kuphela inhlabathi enamanyolo;
- inqubo imbewu, yenza izimpande nokudla kwamahlamvu, okuzosiza isitshalo ukubhekana nezingcindezi ezihambisana nokwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bokutshala;
- lapho unisela ungasebenzisi amanzi abandayo, kanye nokugwema ukungena kwamanzi nokoma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi;
- lapho kutholakala ukutheleleka kwezitshalo yenza ngokuphuthumayo zonke izindlela zokuqedwa kwayo, ngokuphatha izihlahla ngama-agent wokuzivikela.
Ukulandela lezi zincomo, upelepele ngeke ube sengozini, futhi kuqinisekiswa isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Isethi yezinyathelo zokunakekelwa kukapelepele
Lapho kukhula upelepele, ukunakekelwa kubalulekile, okumele kwenziwe ngokulandela yonke imithetho. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kwenziwe isethi elandelayo yemisebenzi eyisisekelo:
- yenza ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esomile, ngoba ukungabi namanzi kungadala ukuthi isitshalo sibune, okuzoholela ekufeni kwaso;
- khipha umhlabathi ukwenza ngcono ukugeleza komoya kuya ezimpandeni nasekujikelezeni komphunga wamanzi emoyeni ungqimba olungaphezulu, oluvumela ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo;
- ukhula, ukususa ukhula;
- ama-spud pepper bushes ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza;
- susa izimbali zokuqala nezikhulu ezakhiwe, okuzosiza ukuqondisa izakhi ekwakheni isitshalo uqobo kanye nokubeka izithelo ezintsha;
- susa izingane zokutholwa namaqabunga ezinhlwini eziphansi ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya komqhele nokuwufudumeza ngemisebe yelanga;
- bopha iziqu ezisekelweni ezinokwethenjelwa lapho kudingeka;
- ngentuthuko esebenzayo yesiko ngokuhlelekile engeza izakhamzimbausebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo namaminerali;
- hlola izihlahla wezifo nezinambuzane futhi, uma kutholakala, thatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
I-Claudio pepper ingenye yezinhlobo eziyintandokazi phakathi kwabalimi bemifino, ngoba imbewu ihluma ngokuthula futhi ngokushesha ngokwanele, ukushiya akudingi mzamo omkhulu, nokuhambisana nemithetho ethile kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule isivuno esihle, esibonakala ngobumnandi nobumnandi besithelo.