Impumelelo yesivuno sekhukhamba incike ikakhulukazi ekukhetheni imbewu. Ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi emashalofini kudida imicabango kunokukuvumela ukuthi uthathe isinqumo esifanele. Abalimi be-Novice bayelulekwa ukuthi baqale bazijwayeze izinhlobo, amagama abo, ukulima nokunakekelwa.
Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingatshalwa e-Ukraine, eBelarus, eChernozem, eBashkiria kanye nomugqa ophakathi nendawo - zingaba yi-parthenocarpic, ukuvuthwa kokuqala, isikhathi eside sokuvuthwa, noma ukhukhamba omnandi wokutshala endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Imininingwane engaphezulu yakhiwe ku-athikili ngendlela yohlu lokulinganisa uhlu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izinketho ezinhle kakhulu onazo ukumelana nezifo nesimo sezulu yesifunda lapho kuhlelwe ukuthi kutshalwe khona uhlaza
Iphutha elijwayelekile ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-2-3, okulinywe kuzo okwenziwe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Abafuyi basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe bakhiqize inzalo eningi engenabo ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungabizi kangako nokunambitheka okuhle kunamakhukhamba abekade ewathanda.
Phakathi kwezeluleko eziphezulu zokutshala imifino, ochwepheshe bakhomba isidingo sokutshala izinhlobo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye... Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola isivuno sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuvuthwa, ukuthola okungenani uhlobo oluthile lokuvuna ngesikhathi sesomiso noma semvula enwetshiwe.
Qoqa imininingwane edingekayo futhi ewusizo mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo, izici zezici zezelents zingatholakala ngezansi.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ezinamagama
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda nokusetshenziswa kombhalo ngokusebenza, izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene, zihlanganiswe isici esivamile.
I-self-polling engcono kakhulu yomhlaba ovulekile
Amakhukhamba wokuzitholela impova anezinzuzo eziningi, phakathi kwawo okuvikelwa kahle kakhulu nokumelana nomswakama omningi.
- Idokodo - Isikhathi sokuvuthwa siyizinsuku ezingama-40 kuphela. Ubude, isitshalo esiluhlaza sifinyelela ku-9 cm.Isihlahla esisodwa sikhiqiza kufika ku-3.5 kg. Ukuzivikela okuqinile kwesitshalo kumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene (indawo yomnqumo, i-mosaic, isikhutha se-powdery).
- Isibindi - Ukuvunwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zeKurazh kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-40-47 ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela edabule emhlabathini. Isisindo sekhukhamba elilodwa sifinyelela ku-170-180 gr., Kwakhiwa ama-zelents angafika ku-10 ngehlumela elilodwa. Lesi sitshalo asihlushwa ukubola, i-powdery isikhutha.
- UConnie - Ukuvuna izithelo kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-50 emva kokuhlwanyela. Isiko lisemhlabeni wonke ngendlela yokulima kanye nasekusebenziseni ukhukhamba. Ubude bemvelo buyi-10 cm, isivuno esivela ku-1 m2 cishe siyi-9 kg.
- Berendey - Izithelo (12-15 cm) zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-42 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ungavuna kuze kufike ku-3.5 kg esihlahleni esisodwa. IZelentsy inezici ezinhle kakhulu futhi inempilo eshalofini ende.
- UGerda - izithelo eziyi-10 cm ubude zivela ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ama-2.8-3 kg asuswa ehlathini. Lesi sitshalo asijwayele ukuthintwa izifo, simelana ikakhulukazi nezifo zefungal.
Ukhukhamba ovuthiwe ekuseni kakhulu
Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zinesici okufanele ukuthi wonke umuntu osebenza engadini azijwayele.
Amaqanda ezimbali zesilisa angowokuqala ukwakhiwa, kufanele asuswe, ngoba aphazamisa ukukhula kwesitshalo.
- Ephreli - kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithelo zika-Ephreli zivuthwa ngosuku lwama-50, zifinyelela kubude obungu-20-22 cm.Isitshalo uqobo silawula ukukhula kwamahlumela, ngakho-ke isidingo sokusika siyasuswa. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 m2 ngokwesilinganiso sama-22 kg. Ukhukhamba awuvuthisi ngokweqile uma ephuthelwa usuku lomhlangano. Isiko limelana cishe nazo zonke izifo, ngaphandle kokubola kwezimpande.
- UHermann - ihluma ezinsukwini ezingama-39-41 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza kaHerman bufinyelela ku-10 cm, 23-26 kg buvunwa kusuka ku-1 m2. I-hybrid ibonwa isikhathi eside sokuthela, ukuzitholela impova kanye nokuzivikela ezifungwini.
- I-Orlik - iqala ukuthela izithelo ngosuku lwama-47-50 emva kokuhlwanyela. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza bufinyelela ku-14-16 cm, nobubanzi obungu-3.5-4 cm. I-6-8 kg iyasuswa ehlathini. Isiko linamasosha omzimba aqinile, amelana ne-powdery isikhutha, ukubola kwezimpande, indawo yomnqumo ne-TMV.
- I-Valdai - isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo ngosuku lwama-45 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Izimbali zakhiwa kakhulu ngabesifazane, ngakho-ke kudingeka impova ngezinyosi. Ubude bemvelo bucishe bube ngu-10-11 cm, kuze kufike ku-4.5 kg wesitshalo kususwa ehlathini. I-hybrid yenzelwe ukonga, kepha ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo ezintekenteke ibuye isetshenziselwe isaladi.
Maphakathi nesizini
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa okulingene qala ukuthela izithelo ngosuku lwama-45-55 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini. Zonke izitshalo zaleli qembu ziyahlukahluka ngendlela yokulima (greenhouse, inhlabathi), inhloso (entsha noma yokufaka usawoti) kanye nohlobo lwempova.
- Imbangi - esaziwa njengesitshalo esithanda impilo futhi esimelana nezifo. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza bufinyelela ku-9-12 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-gramu ayi-100. Kuvunwa kuze kufike ku-3.8 kg wesitshalo kusuka ku-m2 ngayinye. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuzivikela okuhle futhi ziyamelana ne-powdery isikhutha.
- Nezhinsky - inhlobonhlobo enikezwa impova yizinyosi, ebonakala ngesiqu esinamandla, izithelo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi (ubude obungu-10-12 cm, isisindo esingu-90 g) kanye nesivuno esikhulu (8 kg nge-1 m2). UNezhinsky ubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi amelana nezifo eziningi. Ukhukhamba unambitha ephezulu.
- Libella - i-hybrid eguquguqukayo enesikhathi eside sokuthela. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungavuna kuze kubande kakhulu. Ubude be-Libelle greenery bufinyelela ku-14 cm, isisindo - amagremu ayi-140. Kusuka kumitha eyisikwele, kuze kufike ku-10-12 kg kuyasuswa. Uma ufakwa usawoti, uginindela uhlala ukhakhayini futhi uqinile. Kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, azivamile izehlakalo zokulimala kwezitshalo ngezifo ezivamile.
- Ithebula - inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle komunyu, ekahle ngosawoti. Isihlahla sakhiwa isikhathi eside ngesiswebhu esinamandla, ubude besithelo bufinyelela ku-12 cm futhi bunesisindo esingu-80-90 amagremu. Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 m2 cishe i-8 kg.
Ukuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi
Isici samakhukhamba asanda kuvuthwa ukuthi imbewu ihluma kahle ngonyaka wesithathu kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, izinto ezithengiwe ngaphambi kokutshala hlola ukuhluma... Futhi, lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zaleli qembu, udinga ukucabangela isimo sezulu sesifunda nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezele ukuze ube nesikhathi sokuqoqa isivuno esiningi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
- IPhoenix - isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ezinsukwini ezingama-64 ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu. Ukhukhamba ufinyelela kubude obungu-16 cm, ngesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-230 g. Izihlahla zasePhoenix zakha isiswebhu esinegatsha esimelana kahle nezinkinga zesimo sezulu.
- Owinile - iyehluka ngemivimbo esakazeka isikhathi eside ebekezelela kalula isomiso nokupholisa. Lesi sitshalo simelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesikhunta. Ubude bezithelo bufinyelela ku-14 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-gramu ayi-110. Isivuno esivela ku-1 m2 singu-7-8 kg.
- Solar - izinhlobonhlobo maphakathi nesikhathi sonyaka, kepha iningi labalimi balitshala sekuhlwile. Ihlathi likhipha amahlumela amaningi, lakhe isiswebhu esikhulu, okusho ukutshala endaweni enkulu. Ikhasi le-greenery limbozwe ama-tubercles ambalwa nemivimbo eluhlaza. Ubude bekhukhamba bufinyelela ku-12 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-140 amagremu.
- UBrownie - isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ezinsukwini ezingama-65 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubude bekhukhamba buncane (9 cm), kepha ukunambitheka kuphezulu. Isiko linokuzivikela okuhle, likhombisa ukumelana cishe nazo zonke izifo ezivamile. Ukukhiqiza - 6-8 kg nge-1 m2.
- IsiShayina - izinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nezifo ezinambitha emnene nokuntuleka komunyu. Isici sesithelo sekhukhamba lamaShayina sithathwa njengempilo yeshalofu emfushane ngemuva kokuvuna. Ukhukhamba woqobo (30-35 cm) woqobo ubukeka njengezinyoka. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi nokungakhanyi kahle.
Yikuphi ukuthela okuphezulu kakhulu kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo
Ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonke abalimi bakhangwa yizinhlobo ezithela kakhulu. Ku-greenhouse yakho, ungazama ukukhulisa okuthandwa kakhulu.
- I-gherkin yaseParis - izithelo zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-50-60 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ubude bezinhlobonhlobo ze-gherkin zaseParis bufinyelela ku-12 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-gramu angama-85. Inani elikhulu lama-ovari lakhiwa ukuqhuma, okuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu - ngaphezulu kwama-30 kg nge-1 m2. Ukuhluma kwembewu ephansi kunika imibhede yokutshala ngezithombo.
- UFontanelle - ikhukhamba elidumile phakathi kwabalimi ezweni lethu. Ikhule cishe kuzo zonke izindawo. Ubukhulu bemifino yasentwasahlobo bufinyelela ku-22-24 cm ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-gramu ayi-150. Kususwe ngaphezu kwe-10 kg ehlathini. Mayelana nokunambitheka nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, izinhlobonhlobo zihlala zincintisana phambi kwentuthuko enhle kakhulu yabalimi baseYurophu.
- UZozulya - isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ngosuku lwama-45 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ukwakhiwa kokuqhuma kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi isihlahla asidingi ukuthena. IZelentsy ifinyelela ku-24 cm ubude ngesisindo esimaphakathi sama-280-300 amagremu. Kusuka kumitha eyisikwele, ungaqoqa kufika ku-30 kg wekhukhamba weZozulya. Lesi sitshalo cishe asiguli ngendawo yomnqumo kanye ne-mosaic yekhukhamba.
Ngokutshala endle
- USuzanne - isitshalo esinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene esingatshalwa hhayi kuphela endle, kepha ku-greenhouse ngisho nakuvulandi. Ubude bokuqhuma bufinyelela ku-3-4 m, kwakheka inani elikhulu lama-ovari. Ukukha izithelo ezingamasentimitha ayi-3-4 noma ulinde zize zikhule, lokhu akuthinti ukunambitheka. USuzanne unesifo esihle futhi umelana nezilokazane.
- ISparta - i-hybrid inyosiwe impova nge-fruiting ezinzile. Ubude bendawo engu-6-12 cm, ukunambitheka kumnandi ngaphandle komunyu. Isiko linokuzivikela okuqinile, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-powdery isikhutha nesikhunta. Isivuno esihlahleni ngasinye siyi-2.8-3.1 kg.
- Ikhukhamba - Isikhathi sokuthela siqala ezinsukwini ezingama-55 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ubude beqabunga eliluhlaza ngu-9-11 cm ngesisindo esijwayelekile esingu-100-110 amagremu. Kususwe ngaphezu kwe-4 kg esihlahleni esisodwa. I-pickle inokunambitheka okubucayi ngenothi elimnandi, ngaphandle komunyu.
- IBuratino Ingabe i-hybrid ezitholela impova eqala ukuvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-48 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza cishe bungu-8-9 cm ngesisindo esingu-85 gram. Isivuno esihlahleni ngasinye singu-3.4 kg.
- Iqinile - ngezinga lokuvuthwa, ikhukhamba libhekwa njengomgijimi, ezinsukwini ezingama-38 kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza cishe bungu-9 cm ngesisindo esingu-80 g. Isikhathi sokuthela siyadlula, wonke amaqanda akha futhi avuthwe ndawonye. Isimo sezulu esingesihle asinawo umthelela omubi esikhathini sokukhula.
Okhulayo eSiberia
Ukhukhamba okhulayo esimweni sezulu esibi unezici zawo. Kungcono ukutshala ukhukhamba eSiberia ezinqolobaneni zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate noma ukhethe izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala.
Lapho ukhetha imbewu, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe izinhlobo ezinokumelana nengcindezi.
- Isi-Altaic - inesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa, isivuno siqala ezinsukwini ezingama-36-40 ngemuva kokuhluma. Ubude bendawo engu-9-12 cm enesisindo esingu-100 g. Lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukumelana namakhaza, sibekezelela kalula isimo sezulu esingesihle. Ngemuva kokuvuna, izithelo zigcina ukwethula kwazo nokunambitha kwazo isikhathi eside.
- Inyoka - ikhukhamba yohlobo lwe-gherkin, ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-39-42 ngemuva kokuhluma. Isikhathi sesithelo sikhulu, vele ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala isivuno esiningi sivunwa - ngaphezu kuka-1.7 kg nge-1 m2. Inyoka yaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo, entula umunyu.
- Bush - isitshalo esihlangene esidinga impova. Ubude bendawo eluhlaza bufinyelela ku-8 cm ngesisindo esingu-90 gram. Ukukhiqiza kuzinzile ngokunakekelwa okufanele (3 kg ngehlahla ngalinye). Isici sokuhlukahluka ukukhuthazela nokuzivikela komzimba okuqinile. Ukhukhamba uyasebenziseka.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwamakhukhamba lunezinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ezihlaba umxhwele. Into esemqoka lapho ukhetha ukucabangela izici zesimo sezulu kanye nokuxhumana kwazo ngezici zezinhlobonhlobo ozithandayo. Lapho-ke isigaba esiyinhloko sokubeka isivuno esizayo sizokwenziwa kahle.