Ubhontshisi uphakathi kwemifino eyishumi ewusizo kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha izitshalo zokutshala engadini yakho, zihlala zinendawo. Ukuze isikhathi nemali esetshenzisiwe iklonyeliswe ngesivuno esivulekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzijwayeze ngemithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukutshala nokunakekela ukulima enkundleni evulekile.
Ungatshala nini ubhontshisi ngaphandle
Kuhlanyelwe ukutshalwa kukabhontshisi Kwangathi inyanga. Kufanele ugxile ezimweni zezulu kanye nombuso wokushisa ofanele enhlabathini, okukhonjiswa yizinkomba 12-15 ama-degree (ekujuleni okungafika ku-10 cm). Ngokusho kwekhalenda elidumile, lesi sikhathi sihambisana nokuqhakaza kwama-chestnut.
Izinhlobo eziqondile zidinga ukutshalwa kuqala, futhi ngemuva kwesonto ungaqala ukukhuphuka izinhlobo. Bahlela ukutshala imidumba enemidumba ekuqaleni kukaJulayi... Lokhu kungenziwa emibhedeni lapho isivuno semifino esanda kuvuthwa sesivele sesivuniwe.
Abalimi abanolwazi benza umsebenzi wokutshala ngezigaba eziningana: kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi ngesikhawu okungenani sezinsuku eziyi-10.
Ukusheshisa isivuno, kunconywa ukumboza inhlabathi kusengaphambili ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki ukuze ufudumale. Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, vala umbhede wensimu futhi kuze kufike izinga lokushisa ebusuku okungenani ama-degree ayi-12.
Ngabe ubhontshisi wesaba iqhwa
Ubhontshisi yisiko le-thermophilic, ngakho-ke ukutshala kwenziwa kahle entwasahlobo engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyilapho usongo lweqhwa seludlulile. Amahlumela amancane ayesaba ngisho nemimoya ebandayo, yingakho abalimi abaningi bethola indawo yayo ngaphansi kwezihlahla zama-apula noma eceleni kocingo.
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elingamelana nobhontshisi alidluli uphawu -3-4 ama-degree... Uma ama-frost ayephila isikhathi esifushane, ubhontshisi uzosinda, kepha ukukhula kwawo kuzokwehliswa futhi isivuno sinciphe.
I-Agrotextile noma ifilimu esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa izosiza ukuguqula isimo indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zokutshala
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zenza kube nzima ukukhetha. Uma kukhona ubunzima ekunqumeni ububanzi, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo eziqinisekisiwe ezivumelaniswe nesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu esifundeni.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zesifunda saseMoscow, i-Ukraine neBelarus
IMoscow White Green Pod 556
Isitshalo maphakathi no-kusenesikhathi isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni kuya ekuvuneni Izinsuku eziyi-100... Isihlahla sakhiwa ngokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-25 kuphela, izithelo zinezingqimba zesikhumba, kodwa zincane kakhulu. Isiko alihloniphi, liyamelana nemvelo enomswakama nesomiso.
Nomad
Izinhlobonhlobo ezisontekile maphakathi no-kusenesikhathi ukuvuthwa. I-bob emise okweqanda iyi-ocher ngombala ngephethini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo ngaphandle kwesikhumba nemicu, okwenza isakhiwo sibe mnene futhi sithambe. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela i-anthracnose, ukubola okumpunga.
Okwe-Urals nomzila ophakathi nendawo
U-Oran
Yena R - ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuvuthwa kobhontshisi Izinsuku ezingama-80-90, Kunconywa ukutshala endlini yezwe enkabeni yeRussia. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-56 cm, izithelo zihlukaniswa nokunambitheka okuphezulu.
Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 m2 ngaphakathi kwama-gramu angama-200.
Okuphinki
Ukuvuna kuqala ngo Izinsuku ezingama-65-85 ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu. Isihlahla esikhuphukayo sifinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amathathu, ngakho-ke sidinga ukwesekwa.
Ubhontshisi obomvana obumhlophe awunazikhumba nemicu, okubenza bube lula. Izithelo zikhombisa imicu ephephuli nemichilo. Isicelo sendawo yonke, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ubhontshisi ugcina ukunambitheka kwawo okuhlukile.
OkweSiberia
Owinile
Amasiko ahlukile isivuno esikhulu kanye nezimfanelo zokudla okunempilo kwesithelo. Ubude bezidumba bungamasentimitha angama-30, ubhontshisi mkhulu. Ukumelana okubandayo nokuzivikela okuqinile kwenza kube lula ukuhlakulela nokukhulisa isitshalo eSiberia.
Isici: imivimbo engu- ngezimbali ezinhle ezibomvu ezinomlilo ingasetshenziswa njengothango lokuhlobisa.
Inkosi yamafutha
Uhlobo lukaBush lobhontshisi onesikhathi sokuvuthwa Izinyanga eziyi-1.5... Ukunambitheka okubucayi nokumnandi kwezithelo eziyizigaxa ngeke kushiye noma iyiphi i-gourmet engenandaba. Ubude bengxenye ye-pod bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-25. Isitshalo singasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke: ukuvuna okomile, ukuqandisa, ukuwafaka emathinini.
Imithetho yokutshala kanye namasu wezolimo okukhula emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukuthola amahlumela ngokushesha nokuvikela amahlumela amancane ezifweni, imbewu kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokutshala.
Okokuqala cwilisa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate cishe imizuzu engama-20. Ngemuva kwenqubo, ubhontshisi uyagezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi futhi udinga ukufakwa kuwo ukumnika umlotha wezinkuni amahora amabili.
Ebusuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ubhontshisi wepea usongwa ngendwangu emanzi yokuhluma ekhaya. Futhi imizuzu engu-5 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela emhlabathini, zifakwa kwisisombululo se-boric acid. Lokhu kuzovikela isitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi nokukhetha indawo yokuhlwanyela
Ukutshala isivuno, indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, kepha ngaphandle kwezinhlaka nemimoya enamandla, ukutshala ngokusebenzisa izithombo cishe akusetshenzisiwe. Uhlobo lomhlabathi aludlali indima enkulu, kepha abalimi abanesipiliyoni babonile ukuthi ubhontshisi ukhula kakhulu kunakho konke, ungahluma futhi uthele izithelo kabi enhlabathini yobumba. Lokhu kungenxa yokungenwa umswakama ompofu, okwenza imbewu nezimpande zibole.
Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwensimu iqukethe i- ukumba inhlabathi ekujuleni kwenhlavu lokwela... Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa umanyolo: nge-1 m2, engeza ama-4 kg we-humus noma umquba, 2 tbsp. l. ufulawa we-dolomite, 1 tbsp. i-ammonium nitrate no-2 tbsp. i-superphosphate.
Enye indlela yokucebisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwe-½ compost (humus), 30 gr. i-superphosphate, i-20 gr. izinkuni umlotha nge-1 m2.
Lapho kunqunywa indawo yokutshala ubhontshisi, lezo zilimo ebezitshalwe kuso ngesizini edlule ziyabhekwa.
Izindlalifa ezifanelekile yilezi: amazambane, izaqathe, utamatisi, ikhukhamba, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda.
Uhlelo lokutshala nokujula
Izinhlobo zezihlahla zamasiko zitshalwa ngokohlelo:
- ukubekwa kokubekwa kwembewu - ndawo ndawo 5-6 cm;
- ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo zilandelana - 20-25 cm;
- Indawo yezinto - 40 cm.
Izinhlobo ezisontekile zitshalwe ngendlela ehluke kancane:
- ukubekwa kokubekwa kwembewu - 5-6 cm;
- izikhala phakathi kwezimbobo zilandelana - 25-30 cm;
- Indawo yezinto - 45-50 cm.
Imbewu engu-5-6 icwiliswa emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kokwakheka kwezithombo, iqabunga elilodwa ngasikhathi, kudingeka kushiywe izithombo ezi-3 kuphela, zonke ezinye kufanele zisuswe noma zitshalwe ngokucophelela.
Ngokuvumelana ne ikhalenda yenyanga ka-2018 ukutshala ubhontshisi kunconywa:
- Mashi - izinsuku ezingama-20-23;
- Ephreli - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
- Meyi - 7-10, 19-24;
- Izinombolo zikaJuni - 4-7.
Ukuhamba ngemuva kokwehla
Ubhontshisi ongahlonipheki awudingi ukunakwa kakhulu kubo, kepha basadinga imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kabhontshisi
Imbewu kabhontshisi iqala ukuhluma kamuva Izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ngemuva kokwehla... Uma umoya nokushisa kwenhlabathi kungaphansi kwamanani anconyiwe, khona-ke amahlumela okuqala azoqhuma ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 kamuva.
Inqubo yokuhluma ingasheshiswa uma imbewu imanziswa kuzikhuthazi zokukhula izindlu. Ukumboza imibhede ngefilimu nakho kunomthelela kulokhu.
Amahlumela amancane kufanele ahlanjululwe ukuze abanikeze ukuqina.
Imithetho nemibandela yokuchelela
Lesi sitshalo sithanda amanzi, ngakho-ke akufanele wephule umbuso wokunisela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwama-pod.
Izinga lamanzi ehlathini ngalinye linqunywa ngeso, izinqubo ziyenziwa Kanye ngeviki, into esemqoka ukungavumeli inhlabathi yome. Uketshezi oluhamba phambili lokunisela yimvula. Abalimi abanolwazi basebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe, izinga lokushisa lawo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-18 degrees.
Yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu ongakusebenzisa engadini
Isiko liphendula kumanyolo. Ngemuva kokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala, kuzodingeka wenze okungenani ama-3 dressings.
Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa amasonto ama-3-4 ngemuva kokuhluma. Kuhle ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ocebile nge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. I-Superphosphate nayo ifanelekile ngesilinganiso sama-30-40 amagremu nge-1 m2.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, udinga ukondla okwesibili, lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwezithelo (10-15 amagremu kasawoti we-potassium nge-1 m2). Okwesithathu izakhi zinikezwa ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu.
Akufanele weqise ngamanyolo, ungavusa ukukhula kweziqongo futhi unciphise i-ovary yama-pods.
Izinambuzane nokuvimbela
Ubhontshisi ungenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa lokho izinambuzane azihlaseli... Ama-slugs kuphela angavela.
Ukuhlasela kwabo kungavinjelwa ngokususa ukhula ngesikhathi, ngoba ukhula luyakhula futhi lwakha indawo yokuhlala enhle yama-parasites. Uma kutholakala ama-slugs, ungasetha izingibe eziningi, lapho udinga khona ukukhipha izinambuzane ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uzilahle.
Isikhathi esifanele sokuvuna ezweni noma engadini
Isikhathi sokuvuna kuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobo isiko. Ubhontshisi we-asparagus akufanele uvezwe ngokweqile emibhedeni, njengoba umkhiqizo ulahlekelwa yinani lawo lapho womisiwe.
Uma uhlela ukugcina isivuno semidumba, lapho-ke ungasebenzisa noma yiziphi izithelo ezingakavuthwa. Kepha kumalungiselelo asebusika, kungcono ukulinda ama-pods ukuthi omile. Into esemqoka ukungabi sekwephuzile, ukuze ungaqoqi ubhontshisi emhlabathini kamuva.
Akufanele ususe wonke ama-pods ngasikhathi sinye ngosuku olufanayo uma kukhona omile ngokuphelele nohlaza okotshani phakathi kwawo. Emthunzini weziqongqo zayo, amanye ama-ovari angathuthuka, kungcono ukuwashiya ukuze avuthwe.
Ukukhipha ubhontshisi ngokushesha "ezindlini" zabo akudingekile nhlobo ukuhlunga ngamunye ngesandla. Induku izowenza umsebenzi, ungakhipha isivuno esivuniwe.
Ukwenza lokhu, kubekwa izindwangu ezomisiwe kuphela embhedeni wombhede, lapho kudingeka uhambe khona nethuluzi elilula ngomzamo olinganiselayo. Kusala kuphela ukususa ingxenye eyomile kabhontshisi. Ubhontshisi okhethiwe usomiswa futhi kuphela emva kokuhlungwa kuthunyelwa ukugcinwa.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bobhontshisi bulula, ngisho nensimu yamapulazi angayihlwanyela futhi ayikhulise emadolobheni, e-Ukraine, e-Urals noma eBelarus. Ukwenza zonke izinqubo ngesikhathi esifanele, amalungiselelo ebusika anikezwa ngomkhiqizo ophilile futhi onomsoco ngendlela emangalisayo, obuye uhlukanise imenyu.