Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-strawberry anezithelo ezinkulu zithola ukuthandwa ngokushesha, okunikeza isivuno esihlwabusayo nesicebile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izitshalo ezinjalo zingaba umhlobiso ongavamile wensimu nekhaya. Kusenjalo! Ngemuva kwakho konke, leli berry lingatshalwa ekhaya ngisho nasebusika, futhi izimbali zalo zibomvana ngokungavamile.
Yini i-ampelous strawberry?
Igama lalezi zinhlobo livela olimini lwesiJalimane, lapho igama elithi "ampel" lihunyushwa njengesibani. Okusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni, izitshalo ezinjalo zazibonwa njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezitshalwa ezimbizeni zembali nasemabhodweni futhi zamiswa ophahleni njengebhalbhu elikhanyayo.
I-Ampel sitrobheli inezici eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi abalimi emhlabeni wonke bayithanda kakhulu:
- Umehluko omkhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ukuthi ama-strawberry engadi anjalo athela izithelo kuma-peduncles nasemadevu;
- Izinhlobo eziningi zama-strawberry ampelous ziyi-remontant, ngakho-ke, isivuno singatholwa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula;
- Leli qembu lifaka izinhlobo ezihloselwe ukulima mpo, ongahlobisa ngazo ikhaya lakho bese uthola isivuno samajikijolo amnandi futhi anamanzi. Ngisho nabahlali basemadolobheni bangalitshala leli berry ngokulibeka kuvulandi noma efasiteleni;
- Izinhlobo eziningi zikhula ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi.
Abalimi abaningi babiza lolu hlobo lwe-strawberry engadini olugobekile, kepha lo mqondo uyimpikiswano enkulu. Ukuze amadevu esitshalo aqale ukujija azungeze izisekelo, kufanele ziboshwe.
Ubunzima obukhulu engabhekana nabo ingadi kungaba ukubekwa ngakunye nokufakelwa okuvamile:
- lapho kukhula izithombo, ama-strawberry ama-ampelous atshalwa emibhedeni ehlukile futhi angaxutshwa nezinye izinhlobo;
- njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3, isihlahla kufanele sitshalwe kabusha emhlabathini omusha, ovundile onomanyolo omningi, ngaphandle kwalokho amajikijolo azoqala ukuncipha futhi isitshalo sizolahlekelwa yizakhiwo zaso eziyisisekelo.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
- I-Tuscany - lokhu kuhlukahluka kukhuliswe muva nje, kepha sekuvele kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi emhlabeni wonke. Izihlahla ezihlanganisiwe, ukuphakama nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-25-30, kudedela amahlumela amade, imitha eli-1 ngosayizi. Isivuno siphezulu kakhulu, sikhulu, senziwe ngesigaxa sezithelo ezinamakholomu, izithelo ezinwetshiwe zinokunambitheka nephunga elihle kakhulu. Isitshalo esinjalo sizoba umhlobiso omangalisayo noma kuphi, futhi izithelo ezivelayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi zishiye noma ngubani engenandaba;
- Ubumnandi bokuzenzela Ingabe okunye ukuhlukahluka kwama-strawberry ampelous angatshalwa ezimbizeni noma ezimbizeni ezikhethekile. Amahlamvu anamandla futhi aminyene ombala oluhlaza okotshani amisa kahle amajikijolo amancane abomvu abomvu abunjiwe. Sinenkosi iphunga elihle kakhulu futhi ukunambitheka kancane omuncu;
- INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth 2 - isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo sinamandla amakhulu futhi siqinile, amajikijolo makhulu, isisindo sawo singafinyelela kuma-gramu angama-40. Izithelo zinesimo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga, zipendwe ngombala obomvu ojulile, isikhumba siyashelela futhi siyacwebezela. I-pulp iminyene futhi inamanzi amaningi, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Izithelo zingaphindwa kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini ngayinye. INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth 2 idinga ukuphindwa itshalwe njalo eminyakeni eyi-1.5;
- Inkanyezi kaCletter - lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokumelana okuhle nesomiso nesithwathwa, kungasebusika ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala. Isihlahla sihlangene, sakha inqwaba yamadevu. Ama-peduncles made, kepha ngaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo ayagoba. Izithelo zinamanzi amaningi futhi zimnandi, zinkulu ngosayizi (iberry elilodwa lingaba nesisindo esingafika kuma-gramu angama-60). Isikhumba salesi sitrobheli sibomvu ngokugqamile futhi inyama iqinile. Ukuba khona kwephunga elinamandla kuyisici;
- I-Fresco - Isikhathi sokuthela sisuka kuJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Esihlahleni esincane, esihlanganisiwe, ama-inflorescence amaningi akhiwa, aletha isivuno esinothile. Amajikijolo awakhulu, isisindo sawo esingu-20 amagremu. Banokunambitheka okumnandi okumnandi nokumuncu nephunga elinamandla, inyama iqinile futhi inamanzi amaningi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukushisa ngokweqile futhi zivikelekile ezifweni eziningi.
Ungatshala kanjani i-berry?
I-Ampel sitrobheli isitshalo esingajwayelekile esitshalwa ezimbizeni noma ngaphandle. Imvamisa, izingoma ezahlukahlukene zenziwa kuwo ezingahlobisa noma yiliphi igumbi noma ingadi. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi la ma-strawberry azotshalwa kuphi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ingxube yenhlabathi evundile equkethe:
- Izingxenye ezine zomhlaba oyisoyi;
- Izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat;
- 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi somfula esihhadlile.
Ukwenza ngcono ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kungaphakelwa ngokungeziwe ngama-organic fertilizer ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha futhi sigxile endaweni entsha, ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi oyinhloko, isithombo singcwatshwa emhlabathini bese sisuswa sisiwe endaweni efudumele, emnyama.
Esikhathini esiningi, ama-strawberry ampelous atshalwa ehlobo, phakathi nesikhathi esiqala kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kunezindlela eziningana zokubeka le shrub ethokozisayo.
Inketho ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukutshala ama-strawberry ezimbizeni noma ezimbizeni:
- Ukuze isitshalo sizizwe sikhululekile, ukujula nobubanzi besitsha kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-30;
- Ekuqaleni, ungqimba oluncane lwamanzi luthelwa phansi ebhodweni, okubandakanya ubumba olunwetshiwe, amatshe amancane noma izitini eziphukile, bese kubekwa inhlabathi phezu kwalo;
- Isithombo sifakwa esitsheni, simunceke kahle umhlaba futhi sinisele kakhulu.
Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela, amadevu azokwehla kahle. Zibukeka zizinhle ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza noma se-fruiting.
Ukukhulisa ama-strawberry ampelous endle kuvumela ukuthi uze nezindlela eziningi zokuwabeka. Abalimi abaningi babopha izimpondo ku-trellis noma ocingweni oluphansi. Umthetho oyinhloko okufanele ucatshangelwe ngokutshala okunjalo kuzoba ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla, kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angama-30-35.
Ukulingana okwakhiwe njengephiramidi nakho kuyathandwa kakhulu. Ngalokhu, amabhokisi amathathu enziwa ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-30-40, kanti ubude nobubanzi bokuqala bawo kufanele kube imitha eli-1, owesibili amasentimitha angama-60, nowesithathu amasentimitha angama-20. Iziqukathi ezivelayo zigcwaliswa inhlabathi bese zibekwa ngaphezulu kwesinye, ngemuva kwalokho kutshalwe kuwo ama-strawberry.
Emabhokisini okuqala nawesibili, izithombo zibekwa emakhoneni. Isihlahla se-sitrobheli esisodwa kuphela esingangena ohlakeni olungaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwesikimu sokutshala, isigaba sokugcina kuzoba ukunisela okuningi kwezitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
I-Ampel sitrobheli ibhekwa njengesitshalo esingathobeki, ngakho-ke, ukulinywa kwayo kuzoba semandleni womlimi wensimu novice nochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, leli siko linezimpawu zalo okufanele zinakwe lapho likhula. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitshalo ezinjalo azikubekezeleli ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu, zidinga ukufakwa ngokwengeziwe.
Nisela isitshalo kabili ngosuku, usebenzisa amanzi amancane. Lapho utshala amajikijolo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ibhalansi, inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi njalo, kepha ukumiswa komswakama akukhuthazwa.
Uma ama-strawberry ekhula embizeni yezimbali noma ebhodweni, esikhundleni sokuchelela, ungathela amanzi epanini bese ufaka isitsha lapho imizuzu engama-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi inomswakama owanele futhi izothatha inani elifanele lamanzi.
Lesi sitshalo sondliwa kanye ngenyanga, kusetshenziswa ingxube equkethe amaminerali ahlanjululwe emanzini, athathwe ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo:
- i-superphosphate;
- i-potassium permanganate;
- i-boric acid;
- i-ammonium nitrate;
- ithusi;
- zinc.
Uma ama-strawberry etshalwa ekhaya, kufanele athole impova eyedwa. Kunezindlela eziningana zokufeza lezi zinyathelo:
- Impova iqoqwa kubhulashi bese idluliselwa ezimbalini;
- Izimbali ezimbili eduze komunye nomunye zitshekelana;
- Ungasebenzisa futhi ifeni eliqondiswe esitshalweni.
Ukuthena
Isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni amajikijolo kuzoba ukusika okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi, ngosizo ongathola ngalo isivuno esihle kakhulu:
- Ukwandisa inani lezithelo, kunconywa ukususa ngokuphelele ama-peduncles okuqala;
- Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukushiya amadevu angeqile kwayi-5 kulesi sitshalo, lapho-ke kuzoletha isivuno esiningi;
- Ngemuva kokuthola amajikijolo okuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi usike amaqabunga aphansi kanye nezimbali eziqhakazile zesitshalo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika ekhaya
Noma ngabe ama-strawberry anjalo amelana kahle nesithwathwa, kusadingeka ukuthi alungele ubusika:
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yobusika ukudlulisa izihlahla zisuke emhlabathini ovulekile ziye egumbini, kulokhu, ubungozi bokuthi isitshalo sizomisa buzoncishiswa;
- Uma i-sitrobheli ihlala ubusika endle, kulokhu-ke amadevu asuswa ekusekelweni abekwe phansi, ngemuva kwalokho ambozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce, i-polyethylene, i-burlap noma enye into.
Izifo kanye nezilokazane zamajikijolo ase-remontant
I-Ampel sitrobheli yindawo eyintandokazi yezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene., kaningi kuwo ungathola i-sitrobheli mite noma i-nematode.
Lapho kuvela i-strawberry mite, amajikijolo ayabuna futhi anciphe futhi abune. Ukususa lesi silokazane, lesi sitshalo siphathwa kathathu ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ("Nero", "Fufanon", "Actellik", njll.) Ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Uma ukwelashwa kungasizi, kufanele usike wonke amahlamvu ehlathini bese uwushisa.
Nge-nematode, amajikijolo aqina futhi iziqu ziba zikhulu futhi zifushane. Kulesi simo, akunakwenzeka ukwelapha lesi sitshalo; ngokushesha simbiwe sishiswe.
Futhi, ama-strawberry ampelous angathatha izifo zefungal, ezingasuswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ama-fugnicides ahlukahlukene. Ukuvimbela kuleli cala ukuthi leli berry liphathwa nge-Brodsky liquid kabili ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
I-Ampel sitrobheli isitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu futhi esingajwayelekile esingatshalwa ngaphandle nangaphandle kwasekhaya. Inzuzo enkulu yama-subspecies kuzoba ukuthela okuningi, okungukuthi ngenxa yokuthi amajikijolo akhiwa kokubili kuma-peduncles nasemadevu.