Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa nokuzalanisa amakhowe we-oyster ekhaya ngezandla zakho kulula kakhulu, noma i-amateur ingakwazi ukubamba. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ungene ebhizinisini futhi ukhule amakhowe, kufanele uzijwayeze izindlela nezidingo ezikhona zemvelo lapho amakhowe azokhula khona ngokujwayelekile. Ungaqala kuphi nokuthi ungayenza kanjani le nqubo kusuka ekuqaleni, sizokutshela igxathu negxathu, futhi ngisho nesiqalo sizokuthola kulula ukuzala nokutshala amakhowe.
Izimo zokutshala ama-oyster mushroom ekhaya
Ungahlela indawo yokulima amakhowe ezindlini ezingaphansi, kumasela noma emakamelweni aklanywe ngokukhethekile e-cottage ehlobo. Ukuze kulinywe ama-oyster mushroom, udinga ukudala izimo ezilandelayo:
- ikhono lokusetha nokugcina umbuso wokushisa ngaphakathi 10-20 degrees;
- hlomisa igumbi uhlelo lokungenisa umoya ukususwa kwe-carbon dioxide namalambu anezibani ze-fluorescent;
- setha imodi yomswakama 70-90%.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo, amakhowe amunca izinto zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ubuthi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izindawo ezingaphansi kwendlu zibulawe amagciwane. azinazimpawu zesikhunta nezinambuzane... Kuyadingeka ukugcina inhlanzeko kuze kube sekupheleni kokuvuna.
Umbuso wokushisa lapho i-oyster mushroom ikhula kahle unqunyelwe kumamaki kusuka kuma-degree angama-20 kuye kwangama-28.
Indlela yokutshala amakhowe ekhaya
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala amakhowe oyster ekhaya. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ngazo zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuchwephesheukukhetha okukufanele kakhulu.
Ungancibilika kanjani emasakeni ngezandla zakho
I-substrate ingathengwa yenziwe ngomumo noma ilungiswe ngezandla zakho. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingcono kakhulu zamakhowe we-oyster yilezi ibhali noma utshani bukakolweni... Futhi kufanelekile:
- ukushefa kokhuni oluqinile;
- ikhoba le-buckwheat;
- ikhoba likabhekilanga;
- izikhwebu zommbila neziqu.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe kumele gaya ku-5-10 cm.
Labo abaqala nje ukuba nobuchule kwezobuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhowe emakhaya bayelulekwa ukuthi bayeke ukusebenzisa i-sawdust. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inezidingo ezikhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-substrate, kufanele ukubulala amagciwane impahla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubhekene nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokukhipha igciwane ku-substrate:
- impahla ekhethiwe echotshoziwe ithelwa ethangini lensimbi noma epanini elibanzi;
- gcwalisa isitsha ngamanzi (ubukhulu 1: 2);
- ulethe okuqukethwe epanini ngamathumba bese upheka cishe amahora angama-2-2.5.
Isisekelo esiphelile kufanele sibe kumanzi futhi kuthambile, kodwa akufanele weqise ngamanzi. Ukwakheka okulungile kukhipha inani eliphansi lomswakama ngesikhathi sokuphotha.
Ngaphezu kwe-substrate, imbewu (i-mycelium) ibekwa esikhwameni. Akufanele ukuthenga okuningi ngasikhathi sinye, ngokushesha kwehla. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kusuka ku-1 kg wezinto zokusetshenziswa ungafinyelela ku-3 kg wama-oyster mushroom.
Isisekelo sibekwa ezikhwameni ngezendlalelo, kushintshaniswa ibhola le-substrate nembewu. Izikhwama zigcwaliswe ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngemuva kokubopha ngokuqinile onqenqemeni besitsha, izimbobo ezimise okwehlukane ziyasikwa ngensingo ebusweni be-polyethylene. Zidinga ukubekwa ngezikhawu eziyi-10 cm ngephethini yebhodi lokuhlola.
Kwaphela amasonto ama-2, isikhwama sehliselwa egumbini elingaphansi isikhathi sokufukamela lapho kushisa 19-23 degrees... Akukho ukukhanyisa okudingekayo kulesi sigaba.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela yindlela elula yobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuthi kube nezithelo ezimbi noma ezingekho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukuhlunga i-substrate bese uhlola ubukhona besikhunta.
Ukuvuna amakhowe kuqala izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokutshala. Izitshalo ezimbili zithathwa esikhwameni esisodwa.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ubuchwepheshe bokuzalisa ngeziqu
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutshala ama-oyster mushroom: ezijulile futhi ezibanzi. Esimweni sokuqala, special izakhiwo ngezimo ezinhle. Indlela yesibili imele ubuchwepheshe bokutshalwa kwamakhowe phandle... Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu.
Uma kungabikho ukugawula noma isela ezweni, akufanele ucasuke. Ungatshala ama-oyster mushroom ngqo ngeziqu noma izigaxa zokhuni oluqinile (i-chestnut, i-ash, i-poplar, i-beech, njll.).
Izinsuku zokutshala ziqala entwasahlobo lapho kusungulwa okuhle amazinga okushisa. Ama-cuttings afakwa izinsuku eziyi-1-2 ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Le nqubo ayenziwa ngesihlahla esisha.
Izimbobo zenziwa ngaphambili kwiziphunzi ezinobubanzi 10 mm ngokujula ku 5-6 cm... Imbewu ibekwa emigodini futhi imbozwe ngobulembu noma itheyiphu enamathelayo. I-mycelium emise okwenduku yanele ukuyifaka emgodini bese iyivala nge-plasticine.
Indawo yamakhowe akhulayo iyakhethwa emthunzini ngaphansi kwemiqhele eminyene yezihlahla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ama-oyster mushroom ukuthi angomi phakathi nenkathi efudumele.
Lapho usebenzisa izingodo, izimbotshana zokumba nokubeka i-sawdust emanzi phansi kunikezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaxa zokhuni ezimanzi zifakwa emakhethini alungisiwe futhi zingcwatshwe ngomhlabathi ingxenye yesithathu yobude (okungenani u-15 cm). Isikhawu esiphakathi kweziqu kufanele sibe ngama-35-50 cm.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwemibhede yamakhowe ukunisela inhlabathi ezungeze izikhala. Isikhathi sokuqoqa amakhowe ama-oyster kaningi siwela Agasti Septhemba... Ukutshalwa okunjalo kuzoletha ukukhula okuhle kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5 ngesithelo esivulekile kakhulu seminyaka engu-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala.
Ku-substrate briquettes
Ama-briquettes e-substrate angama- umkhono we-polyethylenekufakwe ngokuqinile ngokugcwalisa. Kusetshenziswe ngaphambilini ebusweni befilimu ukugcotshwa indilinga noma esinye isimo. Izimbobo zingahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ibhulokhi noma zihlukaniswe izinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela.
Esimweni sokuqala, lapho kulungiswa ama-briquettes, ukuxhumana kwabo akumele kuvunyelwe, ngokungafani nokuqothulwa kwamazwe amabili, lapho indawo yokujoyina ingenayo imigodi.
Okuthandwa kakhulu amandla wemingcele elandelayo:
- isisindo - 15 kg;
- ubude - 70 cm;
- ububanzi - 25 cm.
Ubuningi be-substrate emkhonweni, izinga lomswakama nemvelo kuncike ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nendlela yokwelashwa kokushisa kwayo.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokubeka ama-briquettes we-substrate. Bangamiswa Izingcezu ezingama-2-3 ngentambo ngayinye noma hang ngamunye. Isisindo sezikhwama sinzima impela, esihlinzeka ngozinzo lapho kubekwa izitaki Ngabanye... Umphumela uba udonga oluqinile.
Ukuhlelwa kwama-briquettes emashalofini nakho kuvunyelwe. mpo noma enezingqimba isikhundla. Intambo yelulwe ngemuva kwamashalofu isebenza njengenetha lokuphepha ekuweni noma ekuweni kwe-substrate. Lapho ukhulisa amakhowe ekhaya, isinqumo sokubekwa kwezikhwama senziwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zekamelo.
Izindlela zendlela:
- isicelo esikahle;
- ukunakekelwa okulula;
- ukuthola isivuno esisheshayo (ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2).
Okubi kuzindleko ezingezekile zokuthengwa kwama-briquettes we-substrate.
Kumaraki
Ama-briquettes noma izikhwama ezine-substrate nembewu egumbini elingaphansi noma emiphongolweni zingabekwa emashalofini uma isikhala sivuma. Amashalofu ngokwawo kufanele enziwe ngokhuni noma ngensimbi esongwe. Amabhulokhi abekiwe zibheka noma zibheke phezulu.
Amashalofu akhiqizwa ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene. Abenzi bezandla ngokuzimela bakhulisa imidwebo, behlinzeka ngezinto zokuphepha ezivimbela amasaka angawi. Enye yezinketho ifakwe izikhonkwane ezikhethekile emashalofini, ngaphezulu kwawo amabhulokhi abekiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzinza kwabo kuyakhula.
Kuvunyelwe ukufaka imikhono yamakhowe ezinhlakeni eziningana, kepha angeqi kwabathathu... Kulokhu, ibanga phakathi kwamashalofu kufanele libe 70 cm, naphakathi kwezikhwama zamakhowe - 15-40 cm.
Lapho ufaka iziqukathi zamakhowe ezigabeni ezi-2 noma ezi-3, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye isikhala samahhala ngaphansi kwamabhulokhi aphansi okungenani angama-30 cm ukuqinisekisa ukusakazwa komoya okujwayelekile.
Le ndlela yokukhulisa amakhowe we-oyster ibonakala ngokugcinwa okulula nokuvuna. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amakotishi asehlobo nezindawo zokugcina izikhala ezinesikhala esanele sokufaka ishelufu.
Ungayenza kanjani i-mycelium yama-oyster mushroom
Akunzima ukuthenga i-mycelium eyenziwe ngomumo, kepha ungahlola kuphela ikhwalithi yokuthenga kwakho ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Uma kutholakala umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephansi, ngeke kusakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa nezinsizakusebenza zamandla, ngakho-ke abalimi abaningi bamakhowe balinganisela ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-mycelium bebodwa.
I-mycelium iyi izinto zokutshala, eyethulwa ku-substrate ukuthola isivuno samakhowe.
Ekhaya, i-mycelium ikhule ikakhulu ngokhuni noma okusanhlamvu... Indlela enezinkuni kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokutshalwa kabusha kwe-mycelium ku-hemp. Imbewu enjalo inokuphila isikhathi eside nokulwa nezifo. Ukubukeka okusanhlamvu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa isiko lomama ku-substrate yamabele okusanhlamvu.
Ikhowe lekhwalithi ephezulu liyatholakala ezimweni zaselebhu... Ekhaya, le nqubo ingaphindwa ngokulungiselela imishini ekhethekile kusengaphambili:
- i-agar;
- izinga lokushisa;
- udlawana;
- amashubhu wokuhlola;
- amapayipi.
Futhi, umsebenzi uzodinga amanzi, ugesi, igesi.
Amadivayisi nobuso lapho kuhlelwe ukwenza khona umsebenzi kufanele welashwe ngaphambili ngesisombululo sotshwala ukuze kubulawe amagciwane.
Izigaba ze-mycelium ekhulayo
- Ukuze uthole i-mycelium yesibeletho, udinga nciza ukhowe we-oyster (kusuka endaweni eseduze nekepisi) izingcezu ezimbalwa ezincane. Ukuhlanza izingcezu ezihlukanisiwe ezivela kubhaktheriya nakuma-parasites, kunconywa ukuthi uzigcobe ku-hydrogen peroxide bese ucwilisa izingcezu ezicutshungulwayo kumashubhu wokuhlola ngezinhlamvu ezichotshoziwe. Ungasebenzisa isanqante, i-oatmeal, noma i-potato agar esikhundleni sendlela yokusanhlamvu.
Amashubhu avalwe ngokuqinile futhi agcinwe egumbini elinesilinganiso somswakama omaphakathi kanye nezinga lokushisa cishe Iziqu ezingama-20... Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, kuzovela unqenqema olumhlophe kumashubhu alungiselelwe kahle. Le yi-mycelium yesibeletho.
- Ukuze uthole i-mycelium ephakathi, kufanele thumba okusanhlamvu imizuzu engu-15. Ngemuva kokupholisa nokomisa, ahlanganiswa noshoki kanye ne-gypsum (ngo-1-1.5 kg wezinhlamvu, thatha amagremu angama-30 we-gypsum kanye no-10 amagremu kashoki). Ingxube evelayo ithelwa ezitsheni, iyigcwalise ngo-2 / 3. Bese kuthi i-uterine mycelium evela kuthubhu yokuhlola yengezwe esitsheni. Intamo yethini ivaliwe nge-foil, elungiswe nge-tape. I-workpiece igcinwa ezimeni ezifanayo nezamashubhu wokuhlola we Amasonto 2-3... Umphumela uba yimbiza egcwele izinhlamvu kanye nomphetho - i-mycelium ephakathi.
- I-inoculum itholakala ngendlela efanayo, ngokutshala i-mycelium emaphakathi ezitsheni ezihlanzekile nge-substrate. Ngemuva kokukhula kwe-mycelium, idluliselwa emasakeni noma kuma-briquettes ane-substrate lapho amakhowe azotshalwa khona.
Ukunakekelwa kwamakhowe ngesikhathi sokukhula
Ngemuva kokufaka i-mycelium kabusha emigodini ye-polyethylene, izikhwama zithunyelwa ukufukamelaokuthatha kuze kube amasonto ama-3. Umbuso wezinga lokushisa akufanele ufinyelele kuma-degree angama-30, ngaphandle kwalokho izinto zokutshala zizokwethuka ngokushisa.
Kulesi sigaba akukho moya... Ukuqoqwa kwesikhutha kuyadala izimo ezikahle zokuthuthukiswa kwe-mycelium. Konke okudingekayo ukuhlanzwa nsuku zonke kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo usebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-chlorine. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Ngokulandelayo, izikhwama zifakwa ekamelweni elihlonyelwe ngokukhethekile elinamazinga okushisa 10-20 degrees... Umoya opholile, umbala uzogcwala kancane. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube Ngehora le-12 ngamandla we-5 kW nge-1 m2. Nsuku zonke izikhathi ezingu-1-2, amakhowe aniselwa nge-sprinkler ekhethekile.
Egumbini lapho kutshalwa khona amakhowe, kunezinga eliphakeme lezinhlamvu emoyeni, ngakho-ke umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngesifihla-buso nezibuko. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba.
Inzuzo yokukhula ekhaya
Ungatshala amakhowe kuma-briquettes amaningana, ukwanelisa izidingo zomndeni wakho. Kepha lolu hlobo lomsebenzi, ngendlela enengqondo, kwesinye isikhathi iba yindlela yokuthola imali eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekela imibhede yamakhowe akubhekwa njengokunzima.
Uma wenza izimo ezifanele zokugcina amakhowe (izikhwama) futhi unamathela embusweni wokushisa osunguliwe, khona-ke ama-3-3.5 kg wamakhowe angasuswa ngempela ebhulokini elilodwa. Ngokulandelana kusuka ezikhwameni eziyi-100 uthola ama-mushroom angama-oyster angama-350 kg.
Ngokubheka inani lemakethe (cishe ama-ruble ayi-130 ngekhilogremu), imali engenayo izoba ngama-ruble angama-45,500. Cishe ingxenye yezimali isetshenziselwa izindleko ezihlobene ezihambisana nokwakha izimo zokutshalwa kwamakhowe. Inzuzo ephelele izoba ngama-ruble angama-20,485. Inzuzo kuleli cala 75%, ukukhokha - imijikelezo engu-5.2, ehunyushelwe ezinyangeni kusho Izinyanga eziyi-13-15.
Uma ubukhulu bezakhiwo buvumela ukufaka izikhwama ezingama-200, khona-ke inzuzo inyuka iye kuma-82%, kanti imali engenayo izoba sebangeni lama-ruble angama-40,000-41,000. Ukutshalwa kwemali kuzokhokha ngemijikelezo engu-3.4 noma izinyanga eziyi-9.
Inqubo yokutshala ama-oyster mushroom ekhaya iyathakazelisa futhi iyafundisa. Ngokuqongelela ulwazi, ungakhuphula ivolumu kancane kancane, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uguqule umdlalo wakho ube ibhizinisi elincane.