Amazambane yisiko elingenakuzithoba. Ngomhlabathi ofanele, ikhula ngempumelelo ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo. Ukukhiqiza kungakhuliswa kakhulu ngokulandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokutshala amazambane. Cabanga ngokujula okungakanani nokuthi mangaki amasentimitha ukujula isiko.
Imithetho yokutshala amazambane
Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezizaliswayo ezitshalwe ngempumelelo esimweni sezulu sethu esibandayo, konke bafuna inani lokukhanya, umswakama nekhwalithi yenhlabathi.
Inketho enhle kakhulu yokutshala amazambane inhlabathi emnyama, isici sezifunda eziseningizimu, futhi ngokwengxenye yendawo epholile. Kukulo mhlaba omnyama lapho uhlelo lwempande yamazambane, olusendleleni engaphansi okungenani ngama-25 cm, luzizwa lukhululeke kakhulu.
Ukujula okulungile
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokubeka amazambane emhlabathini, ezinokujula okuhlukile kokutshala:
- Encane - hhayi ngaphezu kuka-6 cm; le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zisabekwe emhlabathini obandayo, noma inhlabathi ingeyenhlobonhlobo esindayo, e-loamy okunzima ukuyinqoba ihlumela.
- Isilinganiso - kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-10 cm; zilungele izindawo ezinenhlabathi eyisihlabathi.
- Kujulile - 12 cm noma ngaphezulu; ilungele kahle inhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme enokuzala okuphezulu, kanye nezifunda ezinentula yomswakama wemvelo.
Ezindaweni ze-chernozem, ukutshala okuphakathi nokujulile kwamazambane kuvame ukwenziwa. Lokhu kuchazwa wukukhululeka okwanele komhlaba (amahlumela angakhuphuka kalula), kanye nokufudumala komhlaba kwasekuqaleni.
Ukujula kokutshala nakho kunqunywa ngosayizi wezilimo eziyizigaxa. Uma zincane (ngaphansi kuka-50 g), bese uzibeka ngaphezulu kancane.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lapho utshala
Umsebenzi omkhulu ukunquma ukujula komgodi okulungile - nikeza uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo indawo eyanele yokuthuthuka... Ibanga lezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingomakhelwane nalo libaluleke kangako lapha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa isikhala ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubukhulu obulungile bezilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala abukho ngaphansi kuka-50 g futhi bucebe kancane ngaphezu kuka-100. Udinga ukukhetha okokusebenza kwembewu bese uyilungiselela ukutshala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.
Ukuze unqume kahle ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lapho utshala, kufanele ugxile ezinhlelweni zezimpande zesikhathi esizayo zezitshalo - akufanele ziphazamisane. Sinaka ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa: lapho zizinkulu, ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo esizishiyayo liyanda.
- Amazambane anesisindo esingaphansi kwama-50 g - njalo ngama-20 cm.
- Amazambane anesisindo esingu-50-100 g - njalo ngama-20-28 cm.
- Amazambane anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100g - njalo ngama-28-40 cm.
Ububanzi besistimu yezimpande abuthonywa kuphela ubukhulu be-tuber, kodwa futhi nokuthuthuka "kweso" lapho izimpande zikhula khona. Uma kukhona eziningi zazo, futhi nendawo inesikhala, khona-ke ukwakheka kwezimpande kuzoba kuhle ngokukhethekile... Imbewu ngayinye kufanele okungenani ibe namehlo ama-2-3.
Isikhala somugqa lapho utshala
Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo liyafana nokude kwemigodi - ubuningi bendawo buqinisekisa ukukhula kwesitshalo ngokushesha, isisindo sesiqu siyakhuphuka, ngenxa yalokho, nesivuno.
Isikhala esincane esivumelekile somugqa sithathwa njenge-60-70 cm, kepha lapha kufanelekile ukugxila ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane:
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala - 70-80 cm.
- Ukuvuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi - 80-100 cm.
Umthetho usebenza emaphethini wokutshala avame kakhulu - emaphethelweni nasemiseleni. Enketho yokuqala, ukugcina ibanga kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma imigqa ingekho kude komunye nomunye, ubunzima buzovela nge-hilling, kwesinye isikhathi edinga ukwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngesizini ngayinye.
Yize ukubekwa kwamazambane engadini kuzo zonke izimo kwenziwa ngemigqa, wona ngokwawo angahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Indlela edumile yokuhlola ukutshala emigqeni ephindwe kabili enesikhala esandayo phakathi kwabo.
Ngalolu hlelo "Imigqa uhhafu" zitholakala ngqo eduze komunye nomunye - ngamasentimitha angama-20, kepha isikhala semigqa senziwa ubude bemitha esikhundleni se-60-80 cm ejwayelekile.
Uhlelo lungaphinde luhlukaniswe uma amahlathi emile.
Kungabalwa ukuthi ukuminyana kwezitshalo ngamamitha skwele ayikhulu kuhlala kufana nakuhlobo lwakudala, kepha sithola izinzuzo eziningi - ukufinyelela okungcono kokukhanya kusuka ohlangothini olulodwa lwehlathi, ukukhululeka kokusebenza kwezihlahla, futhi ekugcineni, ukubukeka okuhle kombhede wensimu.
Amathiphu okutshala amazambane
Akubona bonke abalimi abazi ukuthi amazambane avunyelwe ukutshalwa hhayi ngembewu ephelele, kepha ngokusikwa kube yizicucu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushoda kwembewu, noma ngosayizi oweqile wezilimo eziyizigaxa ngazinye.
Akufanele usebenzise kabi ithuba, ngoba amandla esitshalo kusuka ekusikeni anciphile... Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ingxenye ngayinye ye-tuber kufanele okungenani ibe "namehlo" ama-2-3 ezimpande ezizayo.
- Imbewu eqoshiwe itshalwa kuphela ngemuva kokusikeka, ngakho-ke mancane amathuba okuthi igule.
- Isisindo esincane sesigaxa esisikiwe sokutshala okungenani singama-30 g.
Lapho utshala amazambane, kubalulekile ukugcina imigqa ilingene, uma kungenjalo ezinye zezitshalo zizoba nendawo encane yokuhlala. Kunzima ukukwenza lokhu ngamehlo.
Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili ezilula:
- Maka imibhede ngaphambi kokutshala - okokuqala, umugqa wokuqala uchaziwe, umaki udwetshwa endaweni yawo; okulandelayo kukalwa kusuka kumugqa, kumaka indawo yokufika emseleni ngamunye.
- Njengomhlahlandlela sebenzisa ibhodi ejwayelekile enebude bombhede; njengoba kutshalwa umugqa olandelayo, ibhodi liyasuswa, lizama ukugcina ibanga elidingekayo ngeso.
Izindlela zilula, kepha ziyasebenza. Ngokutshala ngisho, amamitha ayisikwele ayikhulu omhlabathi omnyama kufanele ahlalise kusuka ezihlahleni ezingama-350 kuye kwangama-500, kuya ngosayizi wezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Amaphethini wokufika: umsele nomsele, usayizi wemisele
Izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala amazambane zingasiza ekuboneni ngokugcwele ikhwalithi yenhlabathi futhi zinciphise ukushiyeka kwayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zazo:
- Esiqongweni - umbhede wakhiwa ngendlela yemigqa, iphakanyiswe ngo-10-30 cm; ngakho-ke, izilimo eziyizigaxa zitholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Emseleni - amazambane atshalwe emiseleni engajulile (5-10 cm) egcwala ungqimba oluvundile lwe-humus, i-peat, i-sawdust kusukela ekwindla.
Ukutshala amazambane organic esitsheni - i-analogue yemibhede "ehlakaniphile"; isitsha senziwe cishe imitha ububanzi, izindonga zakhiwa ngamabhodi noma ngezitini; ungqimba oluvundile lubekwa ngezendlalelo (i-humus-compost-soil), ngaphandle kwalokho ukushumeka kuyaqhubeka njengokujwayelekile.
Lezi zinhlelo ziyindlela ehlukile kunazo zonke - ngaphansi kwehalavu. Yize kuqashwa kakhulu, banezinzuzo eziningi.
Uhlelo lokuthi ungatshala kanjani amazambane engadini nasezweni
Ngaphezu kokuvuna okunothile, izikimu eziyinkimbinkimbi zenza sikwazi ukubheka ngokuphelele izici zezulu zesifunda.
Esiqongweni
Engxenyeni engenhla yazo, kudonswa imifula engajulile lapho kutshalwa khona amazambane. Lapho kubalulekile ukuthi ikama:
- yayinamagquma, inezinhlangothi eziyindilinga;
- akunakusetshenziswa kufanele kube ngunxantathu, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizohluma siye ezinhlangothini, hhayi phezulu;
- kulula ukuphotha ukutshala okunjalo, umswakama owedlulele awunqwabeli kuwo esimweni sezulu esinezimvula.
Emseleni
Kuze kufike ku-30 cm ukujula, zigcwele ama-humus avundile, lapho kufakwa khona izilimo eziyizigaxa; amanzi anqwabelana kangcono emiseleni, ngakho-ke le ndlela ilungele izifunda ezinehlobo elomile.
Okwemvelo esitsheni
Amakhemikhali agcinwa kangcono ebhokisini, ungqimba oluvundile lungashintshwa minyaka yonke; inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha entwasahlobo, ngoba uhlelo luvumela ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zokuqala ukukhula; uhlelo lubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho.
Ukutshala ukujula lapho usebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi
Ukujula kokutshalwa kwembewu nakho kubalulekile ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inqubo ingaqalwa lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lifinyelela ku-8 ° C... Cabanga ngama-nuances nokujula komgodi:
- Emgqeni - emagqumeni afudumele kusuka ezinhlangothini ezintathu, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha; Ukujula kwe-tuber kuncike kuphela enhlabathini - ku-loam engekho ngaphezu kuka-6-8 cm, nasenhlabathini emnyama nasesihlabathi - 8-10 cm.
- Emiseleni - kubalulekile ukugcina kahle ukujula kwemisele ngokwabo, linda ungqimba oluvundile olugcwalisa ukuze lunciphise futhi kwakheke ukucindezeleka okungaphezu kwama-5 cm; kuwo bese ubeka imbewu.
- Kwizinto eziphilayo esitsheni - kanye nasemibhedeni enezinhlaka, faka iziqukathi phambilini, ukujula kuncane - 6-8 cm.
Iziqukathi zemvelo zinconywa ukuthi zifakwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ningizimu, olunikeza izitshalo ukukhanya okwengeziwe.
Indlela yokutshala amazambane ngaphansi kwehalavu
Yize intshisekelo ekhulayo yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi yokwakha imibhede, ukutshala amazambane ngaphansi kwefosholo bekulokhu futhi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu. Le ndlela "kababamkhulu" yokutshala ngesandla, yize ilula, idinga ulwazi oluthile kumlimi.
Mangaki amasentimitha ukujula
Indlela ithi lokwela okulula - kwenziwa umgodi emhlabathini wokufaka, isigamu sobude bensimbi, okungukuthi, okufanayo no-10-12 cm.
Lapho kukhuliswa amazambane ngaphansi kwehalavu, izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwa ezansi impela kwekhefu, zifafazwe ngomhlaba, zigeleze ngaphezulu, noma zenze isiduli esingu-5 cm ukuphakama.
Ukuhlelwa okudala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngendlela yefosholo kungama-70 cm phakathi kwemigqa (i-boletus) no-30 cm phakathi kwemigodi.
Yiliphi ifosholo elidingekayo ekutshaleni amazambane
Elula kakhulu ukusebenza emibhedeni uhlobo lwefosholo - i-bayonet... I-blade yayo yenziwa ngesimo se-petal eyindilinga. Izinsimbi ezinamandla amakhulu zisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lensimbi, noma i-titanium. Usayizi we-blade ojwayelekile:
- Ubude - 32 cm.
- Ububanzi esisekelweni bungu-23 cm.
Kukhona futhi izinketho ezingekho ejwayelekile, njengokujwayelekile, usayizi wazo uhluka phezulu kusuka kokujwayelekile.
Ukufika kanjani ngaphandle kwehalavu
Lapho ulungiselela imibhede, ungenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwethuluzi lomsele. Okokuqala, umsebenzi womhlaba wenziwa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa igeja lasensimini, kodwa indlela ilunge kuphela uma utshala amazambane emiseleni.
Kamuva it kuzodinga i-hilling enzima.
Enye indlela yokutshala amazambane ayijulile. Ifana nemibhede efanayo "ehlakaniphile". Izilimo eziyizigaxa azingcwatshwa ngokomthetho, kepha zibekwa ebusweni bomhlaba, zifafaza ngaphezulu ngongqimba wotshani noma isembozo semifino (ingxube ye-peat, sawdust, humus, njll.). Lo mklamo ugcina ukushisa kahle, akudingi ukumba.
Abalimi bezingadi banokukhetha okuningi ongakhetha kukho ukutshala amazambane ngobungcweti noma ezweni. Isitshalo masibe ngesinye sezimo ezivame kakhulu nokubekezelela izimo ezinzima, kuso hhayi ngaphansi kwabanye kudinga umzamo nomzamo kusuka kumuntu olimayo.