Inkinga ecindezela kakhulu yokutshala izaqathe ukulawula ukhula. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kuphakanyiswe izindlela ezahlukahlukene zombili zesayensi nezendabuko zokutshala izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ukubulala ukhula, njengophalafini, kubulala ukhula ngempumelelo enkulu.
Ukufaka isicelo salokhu noma i-herbicide ekulweni nokhula, udinga kuqala, ukunquma ukukhetha okulungile, ukuqonda imininingwane yesenzo samakhemikhali nokulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.
Fafaza uphalafini esikhundleni sokususa ukhula
Enye yezindlela ongabhekana ngayo nokhula emibhedeni yesanqante yile ukusetshenziswa kaphalafini omsulwa.
Imbewu yesanqante iqhuma kancane - kungakapheli amasonto amathathu, kanti ngenkathi ihlumela livela ngaphezu komhlaba, umbhede uzombozwa ngokhula. Ukuntuleka komswakama, ukukhanya kwelanga, izakhamzimba ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezithombo kuzothinta ikhwalithi yesitshalo kamuva. Ukususa utshani ngesandla emibhedeni kuyinqubo enzima kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka izaqathe, le ndlela ayifaneleki ngokuphelele, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwalesi siko lungalimala kalula noma lukhiphe nezimpande ezincane emhlabathini kanye neqembu lotshani obuphazamisayo.
Isifutho esihle sikaphalafini ngaphezu kommango kuvumelekile ngaleso sikhathi, lapho izithombo zingakaveli. Umnqamulajuqu kulapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-1-2 eziqongo zesanqante, futhi ukhula seluvele lubusa engadini. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, ukhula lukhulu kakhulu ngosayizi kunamahlumela amaqathe, amaqabunga alo neziqu kuzoba uhlobo lwesembozo sokukhula okuncane okuvela kumthelela oqondile kaphalafini kubo, futhi nokhula ngokwabo luzobhujiswa.
Ingadi yokulungisa izodinga:
- Futha.
- Amagilavu e-Latex.
- Umshini wokuphefumula.
- Ipharafini emsulwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwephalafini ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele sobuso kungu-100 amagremu. Cishe ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, le nqubo ingaphindwa futhi ukhula ngeke lukhule lonke ihlobo, futhi kuqinisekiswa isivuno esihle kakhulu sesanqante.
Ukusetshenziswa kaphalafini wokulawula ukhula kungenzeka kuphela emibhedeni enezinqathe noma idile.
Isici esihle sale nqubo singabhekwa njengokuxosha izinambuzane zesanqante: i-carrot aphid, ibhere.
I-Kerosene njenge-herbicide yokwelapha izaqathe: inzuzo noma ukulimala
Kwabalimi abaqale ukufunda ngale nketho yokucubungula imibhede, nakanjani imibuzo izovela:
- Le ndlela izolithinta kanjani ikhwalithi yesitshalo esiyimpande uqobo?
- Ukusetshenziswa kwalomuthi wokubulala ukhula kuzoyithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu?
- Ingabe kuwukuhlakanipha ukusebenzisa uphalafini engadini ngokubuka kwemvelo?
Izaqathe ngeke zithintwe yilo ukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphalafini uhwamuka ngokushesha ebusweni bomhlaba. Ukulawulwa kokhula emibhedeni yesanqante kwenziwa ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvuna. Izimpande ngeke zimunce iphunga likaphalafini... Kepha bangayithenga uma bephula imithetho yokugcina noma yokuhambisa isivuno, lapho imifino evuniwe isondelene nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali enephunga elibi.
Yonke imisebenzi engadini, ikakhulukazi leyo eyenziwa kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali, idinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Zidinga ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa amagilavu kanye nomshini wokuphefumula.
Kusukela ngo-1940, uphalafini ubusetshenziselwa ukhula lwamakhemikhali, hhayi imibhede yemifino kuphela, kodwa futhi nokucubungula amasimu esanqante. Ukufafaza kwenziwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ngaphambi kokuvela, kusetshenziswa imishini yezolimo. Noma kunjalo, leli khambi kufakazelwe ukuthi kuphumelela kuphela ekugxilisweni okuphezulu kukaphalafini... Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhiqizo kaphethiloli uyisiqhumane esiqhumayo okunzima ukuthutha nokugcina, futhi ukusebenza kwaso emhlabathini kunezinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-14 kuphela.
Esikalini sepulazi elizimele, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kaphalafini lapho kucutshungulwa imibhede. I-palafini ayihlanzeki inhlabathi, ngakho-ke ayibangeli ukulimala komhlaba wonke emvelweni.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula yendabuko yokulawulwa kokhula
Kusobala impela ukuthi izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kumakhemikhali amakhemikhali azikwazi ukuphepha ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuxhumana nokhula nenhlabathi ephathwa yibo isikhashana.
Hhayi njengamandla njengamakhemikhali, kodwa Impi ephumelelayo yokulwa nokhula kwenziwe ngosizo lwamakhambi wesintu.
Isoda
Isixazululo se-soda sokuhlushwa esiphezulu asisihle ngokwamandla aso okubhubhisa. Uma uqeda insipho yokuhlanza elichotshoziwe kuyo, lokhu kuzokhulisa ukusebenza kwayo kuphela.
Uviniga
Uviniga usetshenziswa ngokuqinile emaqabungeni nasesiqu sokhula ngebhodlela le-spray. Ukhula oluncane lubhekana nale nqubo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwayo nembewu. Iresiphi yokwenza i-herbicide enjalo ilula:
- Chaza izipuni eziyi-5 zeviniga kanye nezipuni ezimbili zikasawoti wetafula kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqhuba ukucubungula ngokucophelela, ungavumeli isixazululo ukuthi sifike ezitshalweni zemifino.
- Hlanganisa izinkomishi ezi-2 zikaviniga, 2 izinkomishi zamanzi, isikhwama se-citric acid, amagremu angama-30 otshwala, amathisipuni ama-2 oketshezi lokugeza izitsha.
Lapho usebenza noviniga, udinga ukulandela izinyathelo ezifanayo zokuqapha njengezibulala-zinambuzane.
Insipho yokubulala ukhula
Iresiphi yesepha yokubulala ukhula: hlanganisa inani elilinganayo leviniga, usawoti, insipho yokuhlanza elichotshoziwe. Ngemuva kokuthola isixazululo esifanayo, inhlabathi iphathwa ngayo.
Usawoti
Usawoti ufafazwa kakhulu endaweni (cishe i-1 kg ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele). Imvula namazolo kuzoyisiza ingene emhlabathini. Ngeke nje aqothule ukhula, kodwa futhi uzovimbela nokuthi amasha akhule. Noma kunjalo, yemibhede yensimu le ndlela namanje ayiyona engcono kakhulu... Kukufanele kakhulu ukusulwa kwegceke, izindlela zensimu. Uma usasebenzisa usawoti engadini, udinga ukuwufafaza uzungeze imibhede, ubuyele emuva ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe.
Utshwala
Utshwala bungumsizi osebenza kahle kakhulu wensimu. Inhlabathi iphathwa ngesixazululo sotshwala bezokwelapha namanzi (isilinganiso 1:10). Amalitha ayi-11 wesisombululo esinjalo anele ngamamitha-skwele angama-200.
Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo nomhlabathi kwenziwa kangcono esimweni sezulu esomile, esizolile, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kokhula. Lokhu kuvimbela izixazululo zokulawula ukhula ekufinyeleleni ezitshalweni ezizuzisayo. Imvula nobumanzi kuzonciphisa ukuhlangana kwezixazululo futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwazo.
Ukuphumelela okukhulu ekufezeni ukunqoba ukhula kungatholakala nge ukuhlanganisa izindlela zemishini nezamakhemikhali... Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukususa ukhula ngesandla kuhlala kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, kanye nokubopha, ukufaka umcako enhlabathini, ukumba. Vumela ukukhetha kuhlale kulungile futhi isivuno siphezulu!