Wonke umuntu unokuzilibazisa akuthandayo, futhi inani elikhulu labantu liyakujabulela ukunakekela izitshalo. Yeka ukuthi kuhle kanjani ukubuka ihlumela liqanduselwa enzalweni, ukunakekela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo futhi, okumnandi ngokuphindwe kabili, ukuvuna izithelo zesilwane esiluhlaza esibongayo. Kepha, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu nomanyolo, kufaka phakathi ama-foliar.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ihlanganisa njalo:
- ukukhulula inhlabathi;
- ukuchelela;
- ukukhulelwa;
- ukususa ukhula;
- ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nokwelashwa;
- ukusika noma ukuphina;
- ukulungiselela izitshalo ebusika
Ungavundisa ngezindlela eziningana:
- Indlela eyinhloko ibandakanya ukufaka umquba emhlabathini, ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo.
- Indlela yokuhlwanyela iyenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala imbewu.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ukwethulwa kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokuphila... Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyimpande, iqabunga (iqabunga), ukuhlangana kwemigqa kanye nendlela yokuzala.
Kuyini ukudla kwamahlamvu
Ukugqoka amaqabunga kuyindlela eyengeziwe yokwethula izakhi ezincibilikiswe emanzini ngu ukufafaza engxenyeni yomhlabathi, ngokudlula izimpande.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izakhi ezisetshenziswa emaqabeni naseziqu zezitshalo zingena ngenkuthalo emzimbeni oluhlaza futhi zimunca ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunomsoco okusheshayo, okunomthamo ophansi ngempendulo yesitshalo ebonakalayo.
Lapho uyidinga
Izisusa ezisemqoka zokunquma ukondliwa kwamahlamvu:
- izindlela zesimanje zokuvuselelwa;
- ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi, usawoti, ukungathuthuki kahle kohlelo lwempande, isitshalo ayitholi izakhamzimba ezengeziwe ezivela emhlabathini, okuholela ekusweleni kwezakhamzimba, nokudla okunezelayo kwamaqabunga kuzohlinzeka ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulandela umkhondo esikhathini esifushane kakhulu futhi ngokugcwele;
- enamandla ukugqugquzela izimpandenjengoba iqabunga likondla impande, likhulisa ikhono lempande ebiyelweyo lokuthola umsoco emhlabathini;
- ukwandisa umfutho we-photosynthesis;
- ukufaka umquba, kulandela izigaba zokukhula kwezitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa komsebenzi wohlelo lwempande;
- ukuphakama kwesihlahla ayivumeli ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa ephakathi Umanyolo;
- ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-foliar nokwelashwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ngaphambi kwalokho, ukutadisha ngokucophelela amatafula wokuhambisana ukuze ungabangeli amakhemikhali amasha;
- konga amabhethri ngenxa yohlelo lokusebenza lendawo
Ngokwenziwa okuphelele kokudla okunomsoco ngeqabunga, kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukugqamisa imithetho eqinile:
- Faka umanyolo ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okuhle kakhulu kwezixhobo zemifino ehlathini.
- Isixazululo kufanele siwe phezulu nangaphansi kweqabunga naseziqu;
- Kuyadingeka ukufafaza ikhambi ebusuku noma ngosuku olunamafu, njengoba ilanga limisa ikhambi ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo simunce;
- Izinga lokushisa elifanele hhayi ephakeme kuneziqu ezingama-20.
- Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe nokuthula, hhayi imvula.
Yimuphi umanyolo ofanele kakhulu
Kubalulekile ukwazi, lapho usebenzisa umsoco weqabunga, imigomo yokumunca izinto ezithile.
Umanyolo wama-nitrogen
Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ngenkathi yokukhula kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno, kanye nekhwalithi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni. Umanyolo we-nitrogen ufuthwa kahle kwiqabunga. ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo Ukuze uthuthukise umsebenzi we-photosynthesis, ukuqina kokukhula, ukutsheka nokuthuthuka kwezitho zokuzala.
Ukondliwa kwamaqabunga okwenzeka sekwedlule isikhathi akuthinti isivuno, kepha kukhulisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni asezithelweni.
Imiphumela emihle ikhonjiswe ngokondla amaqabunga nge-urea, equkethe uhlobo lwe-amide nitrogen.
I-potassium-phosphorus
Umanyolo wePotash kanye ne-phosphorus-potassium, ubamba iqhaza ukushesha ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, ngenkathi kukhona ukwanda kwezimpawu zekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-potassium ingangeni ngokwanele futhi kancane kancane ngamahlamvu, ama-ion e-potassium makhulu kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuthi adlule ku-cuticle yeqabunga. Kungakuhle ukwengeza i-potassium esimweni sezulu esomile ukugcina ukuqina kweqabunga.
Izakhi zeMagnesium nezokulandela ngomkhondo
- IMagnesium inayo i-absorbency yeshidi enhle kakhulu, yethulwa ngasikhathi sinye ne-urea ngendlela ye-magnesium sulfate.
- Ama-biostimulants asuselwa kolwandle lwasolwandle.
- Izakhi zokulandela ziyethulwa ngendlela yama-chelates - izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo, ezibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwe-organometallic complex, lapho i-ejenti eklolayo igcina kahle i-ion yensimbi isesimweni esincibilikayo ize ingene ezitshalweni. futhi utshale, kushe lapho kuthintwa khona.
Ungayilungisa kanjani ingubo yamaphepha ezweni
Ukukhulisa isivuno sama-apula, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsoco weqabunga kathathu urea (zokwenziwa urea). Entwasahlobo, ngenkathi amaqabunga esesethenda, faka isicelo 0,3% (amagremu amathathu we-carbamide ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi) isixazululo, nasehlobo nasekwindla 0,5% (5 amagremu e-carbamide ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi).
Uma kuvela intwasahlobo ende ebandayo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo, kuyashesha ukuyondla ngokwakhiwa okulandelayo:
I-ammonium nitrate (inani le-nitrogen 46%) - 20.0 g. oncibilika ngamalitha amabili amanzi, engezwa i-potassium chloride - 20.0 g futhi i-sulfate yethusi - 1.0 g.,
kule ngxube ingezwe ichithwa ngamalitha ama-3 i-superphosphate - 200 gr. Ingxube iyahlungwa uma i-precipitate yakhekile futhi isixazululo esivelayo siphathwa ngezitshalo.
Endabeni yehlobo elomile nelishisayo, kuyadingeka ukucubungula amaqabunga ngesisombululo se-potassium chloride 100 gr. ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, lokhu kuzokhulisa i-turgor yamaqabunga.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-Horticultural
Ukudla kokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siqhume, kuyashesha ukusondla ngokwakhiwa okulandelayo:
- Imbudumbudu kabili i-superphosphate (ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, nokuncibilika okuhle) - 200.0 g., oncibilika ngamalitha amathathu amanzi emini esitsheni sepulasitiki;
- I-ammonium nitrate (inani le-nitrogen 46%) - 20.0 g. futhi i-sulfate yethusi - 10.0 g., i-boric acid 1 gr., i-potassium sulphide - 80 gr.
- Ubumuncu buthishwa ngesixazululo eluhlaza.
- Yomibili lemixube ixubekile kuthelwa amalitha ama-5 amanzi
Ukwethulwa kwesisombululo esinjalo entwasahlobo kuqinisekisa ukwanda kwesivuno ngama-20%... Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izitshalo azondli.
Owesibili
Ngemuva kwezitshalo kuphelile, kufanele wenze ukuheha kwesibili:
- Imbudumbudu kabili i-superphosphate (ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, nokuncibilika okuhle) - 200.0 g, oncibilika ngamalitha amathathu amanzi emini esitsheni sepulasitiki;
- I-ammonium sulfate - 50.0 g oncibilika ngamalitha amabili amanzi, engezwa i-potassium sulphide - 100 gr. Yomibili inhlanganisela ixubekile, i-asidi inciphisiwe ngesisombululo isoda, futhi amalitha ama-5 amanzi athelwa kuwo.
Okwesithathu
Ngaphambi kokuvuna uncoma ukuphakelwa okwesithathu:
Imbudumbudu kabili i-superphosphate (ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus, nokuncibilika okuhle) - 400.0 g., oncibilika ngamalitha amathathu amanzi emini esitsheni sepulasitiki. Izingilazi ezi-4 umlotha wezinkuni phikelela kumalitha amathathu amanzi ngosuku, hlanganisa ne-superphosphate encibilikisiwe, unciphise i-asidi ngesisombululo sokudla isoda, engeza amalitha ama-5 wamanzi.
Umanyolo onjalo kwandisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo, ithuthukisa impilo yabo yeshalofu ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside nokuhamba.
Lapho ufaka ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunjalo, le ndlela ayithathi indawo yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokufaka umquba, kepha isebenza njengomthombo owengeziwe okhulisa isivuno, imisebenzi ebalulekile yesitshalo, ukunambitheka nokuphepha kwesithelo.
Ungalokothi udlule ukugxilwa kwesisombululo esivumelekile, ubungozi bokusha esitshalweni buyanda kakhulu, funda ngokucophelela imiyalo yomanyolo.
Sabalalisa ngokucophelela umanyolo osetshenziswe ngaphezulu kwengxenye yomhlaba, uma weqa izakhi ezingezansi, ikhwalithi lokufafaza lizokwehla.
Naka izigaba zentuthuko, ukukhulelwa okuyiphutha kuholela ekushayweni komanyolo odingekayo, futhi ukugcwala ngokweqile kuholela ekushodeni kwesivuno nasekuthuthukisweni kweziqongqo.