Yize kunesikhathi esifushane kangaka sokusatshalaliswa ezweni lethu, izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi omisiwe sezivele zikwazile ukuzuza uthando nokuthandwa yizakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo ikhulu leminyaka. Yilenhlobonhlobo esetshenziselwa ukwenza izithelo zomvini ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Okulandelayo, ake sikhulume ngencazelo yayo futhi sicabangele izici eziyinhloko
Izici nokuchazwa kwekhulu lamagilebhisi
Ikhulu leminyaka lazalwa e-USA, California yiqembu labazalanisi baseMelika ngo-1980. Lokhu kungumphumela wokuwela izinhlobo iGold noQ25-6. Imizamo yokuzalanisa izinhlobonhlobo yaqhubeka iminyaka eyi-14. Lezi zinhlobo zeza eRussia kuphela ngo-2010 futhi ngokushesha zaziwa kakhulu.
Kungenxa yezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, amajikijolo avuthwa izinsuku eziyi-120. Amajikijolo awanazo imbewu. Ibhulashi ngalinye linesisindo esisuka ku-700 kuye ku-2000 gram. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuvunwa okufika ngesikhathi ukuze amabhantshi angawi. Isimo samajikijolo siyi-oval-oblong, umbala uma uvuthiwe uphuzi ngokusagolide.
Ubunzima berry ngalinye buvela ku-5 kuye ku-10 amagremu. Isithelo sinokunambitheka kwe-nutmeg kanye nokukhanya okuncane kwetiye rose. Ukunambitheka kungahluka kuye ngenhlabathi lapho kukhula khona izinhlobo. Isikhumba sincane, asinambitheki, ngakho izithelo zingadliwa nesikhumba.
Inyama yesithelo iminyene, inamanzi, ukunambitheka okumnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa. Ibekezelela ngokukhululekile amazinga okushisa aphansi njengo -25 degrees. Isikhathi sokuthela sisukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Amabhulashi avuthiwe ayelulekwa ukuba ashiye ehlathini ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, lapho kuqala iqhwa leli berry lithatha inani eliphakeme likashukela.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo yilezi:
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- ukuntuleka kwembewu;
- ukumelana kahle nezifo;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- ongajwayele ukubola nokuchitha;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukuzinza kwesivuno esikhulu;
- amajikijolo awajwayele ukuqhekeka.
Okubi kufaka:
- hhayi ubude besikhathi sokugcina;
- isidingo sokuncipha kwamabhulashi.
Ukukhetha isihlalo sokwehla
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesithwathwa, indawo enhle kakhulu yokukhula yingxenye eseningizimu yesiza. Kuhle uma izihlahlana zitshalwa eduze kwendlu noma eduze kocingo. Izakhiwo zizovikela emimoyeni enamandla futhi zinikeze nokushisa okwengeziwe.
Lapho utshala amagilebhisi eduze kwendlu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ibanga ukusuka esivinini kuya esisekelweni sendlu okungenani limitha elingu-1.5!
Isiza kufanele sikhanyiswe kahle yilanga kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Umhlabathi wokutshala kufanele ulungiswe kusengaphambili ukuze ube nesikhathi sokuzinza kahle futhi ugcwale umswakama nezakhamzimba. Inhlabathi kumele idlule umswakama nomoya kahle. Ungatshala amagilebhisi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína, ngoba kuya ngokuthi umvini uzoba yini futhi, ngokufanele, isivuno sawo. Izithombo zingahlukaniswa njenge:
- abaphezulu;
- Uhlobo lwe-1;
- Ibanga lesibili;
- esezingeni eliphansi.
Izithombo ze-Elite ube nezimpande ezine ezilinganayo noma ezilinganayo, okungenani ubukhulu obungu-2 mm nobude obungu-25 cm. Ubukhulu besisekelo kumele okungenani bube ngu-5 mm.
Izithombo zebanga lokuqala kumele ube nezimpande ezine noma ngaphezulu. Umehluko oqhamuka kwabaphezulu uthi ubukhulu bezimpande obungu-2 mm kumele okungenani bube yizimpande ezi-2. Ibanga lezimpande komunye nomunye kufanele futhi lifane.
Ibanga lesibili kumele okungenani ibe nezimpande ezimbili ezithuthukile.
Izithombo ezingekho ezingeni inokukhula okungakhuli kahle okungavuthiwe. Kungcono ukungatshali izithombo ezinjalo.
Izici zokufika
Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe entwasahlobo, khona-ke inhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswa ekwindla.... Ukujula kokutshala kwezithombo kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Enhlabathini elula, kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi ngobubanzi obungu-40 cm nokujula kwamasentimitha angama-60. Enhlabathini enzima, indawo yomgodi izoba ngama-70X80 cm, ukujula kwamasentimitha angama-70. Ukuba khona kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseduze kuzokuthinta kahle ukutshala. Kodwa-ke, indawo yesivini akufanele igcwale amanzi ancibilikayo. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi ngokwanele, ikhululeke, ngaphandle kokhula.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo kufanele ziphathwe ngesikhuthazi sokukhula. Izisiki ezithengiwe zifakwe kulesi sixazululo usuku lonke, bese zibulawa ngamagciwane ngesisombululo se-manganese bese izimpande ziyasikwa.
Ngaphansi komgodi, udinga ukwenza ungqimba lwamanzi ngokufaka umanyolo onzima. Isithombo sitshalwe emgodini futhi simbozwe inhlabathi, senziwe ngokucophelela. Uma kungekho inhlabathi elungele amagilebhisi, gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi ngokufaka ama-humus. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe okungenani amamitha ama-3, njengoba umvini ukhula ngokushesha. Kufanele okungenani kube namamitha amabili phakathi kwemigqa yokutshala umzila owodwa namamitha amathathu wokutshala imizila emibili.
Ukuze uthole izihlahla ezinamandla amancane, ama-cuttings kufanele ahlanganiswe nezinhlobo ezincane.
Ukutshala ekwindla kwenziwa kahle kakhulu kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba kuya maphakathi noNovemba. Kuyadingeka ukutshala amagilebhisi enhlabathini emanzi kahle.
Imithetho yokunakekela
Ngemuva kokutshala amagilebhisi, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe esimweni senhlabathi. Umhlabathi kufanele uhlale ukhululekile futhi ungenalo ukhula. Kuma-tubercles, ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimazi amahlumela amancane. Njengoba izithombo zikhula, ubude be-tubercle buncipha kancane kancane. Ngo-Agasti, izithombo zivulwa zize zihlangane namahlumela ahlanganisiwe.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni, kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yokususa izimpande ezikhula ngaphezulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isihlahla sibe nezimpande ngokujula, ngoba izimpande ezikhula eduze komhlaba zinciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokubekezela ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ukuthenwa kufanele kwenziwe ngosuku oluguqubele. Ukwenza lokhu, gaya umhlabathi ezungeze isithombo bese wenza umgodi ukujula ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ukususa izimpande, sebenzisa ithenwa. Ngemuva kokuthena, umgodi uyagcwala, kusale kuphela ubukhulu obuluhlaza behlathi phezulu.
Ukuthenwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngo-Agasti. Ngemuva kokuthena, kusale imbobo engu-15 cm ezungeze isithombo.
Ngamagilebhisi akhule ngokusikwa, ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqothuleni. Ngemuva kokutshala, kufanele unisele isithombo ngokushesha. Ukuchelela kwesibili kwenziwa emasontweni amabili. Ukunisela okwesithathu kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-35 emva kokutshala. Ngokuya kokoma kwenhlabathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi esihlahleni ngasinye yibhakede elilodwa noma amabili. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi afudunyezwe elangeni ukunisela. Ukunisela kusihlwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi kwenziwa ehlobo, ukuwahlanganisa nokuchelela. I-mullein ebilisiwe ingasetshenziselwa ukondla. Ngokuvutshelwa, i-mullein ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 futhi ishiywe ezingeni lokushisa lama- +22 degrees amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho i-slurry eqediwe ihlanjululwa ngamanzi 1: 4. Faka kulesi sixazululo:
- i-superphosphate - amagremu ayi-100;
- i-ammonium sulfate - amagremu angama-75;
- usawoti - 45 amagremu.
Ungadluli izithombo ngomanyolo, ngoba kulokhu kuzoba nokuthuthuka okungekuhle kohlelo lwempande.
Ukuvikela ukulimala kwezihlumela, ziboshelwa ezigxotsheni endaweni emile. Ngokukhula okunamandla kwamadodana, kufanele kuncishwe ukubamba. Le nqubo izosheshisa ukwakheka kwezihlahla.
Ukuvimbela izifo, izithombo ezincane zifuthwa nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, bamba umhlaba esivinini, kuthi ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, lapho amahlamvu ewa, izithombo zimbozwe ebusika. Ukwenza lokhu, kumbiwa umgodi, kubekwa kuwo umvini ngobude futhi kumbozwe umhlaba.
Ngentwasahlobo, izithombo zamagilebhisi ezincane zivulwa ngemuva kwesikhathi kunomvini omdala, ngoba amahlumela amancane angabanjwa yiqhwa. Eminyakeni eyalandela yokukhula, ukunakekelwa komvini kungokulandelayo:
- ukusika;
- ukuncinza;
- ukukhulula inhlabathi;
- ukususwa kokhula;
- Umanyolo;
- ukuchelela;
- ukuvimbela izifo;
- ukulawula izinambuzane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lomvini cishe awungenwa yizifo. Kodwa-ke, ihlushwa ukuhlaselwa yisifo se-phylloxera. Lesi silokazane silimaza uhlelo lwempande, intshebe yesitshalo namahlamvu. Futhi kulokhu, ukulahleka kwezihlahla akuphelele. Endaweni ethintwe yi-phylloxera, kungenzeka ukuthi utshale izihlahla zamagilebhisi kungakabi ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu.
I-prophylaxis, ishubhu lekhadibhodi eliwu-15 cm ububanzi lifakwa ezimpandeni zesithombo lapho utshala.Ishubhu limbozwa ngesihlabathi bese isithombo singcwatshwa nomhlaba. Ishubhu libe selisuswa ngokucophelela.
Uma ukunakekelwa kuthathwe ngendlela efanele kuyo yonke inkathi, futhi umvini wawulungiselelwe kahle ubusika, ngenkathi elandelayo ungathembela ekuvuneni okuhle.