Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo mhlawumbe kwakudingeka zicasuke ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngokulinywa okungaphumelelanga kwamakhabe ezindaweni zazo. Ungakujabulela ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo avuthiwe uma ucabangela izeluleko zochwepheshe nabalimi abanolwazi. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshala amakhabe ekhaya, ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuwanakekela, nokuthi uvame kangakanani ukufaka umanyolo nokondla ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala amakhabe ekhaya ezweni enkundleni evulekile?
Ukutshala ikhabe engadini yakho akunzima njengoba kungabonakala. Emhlabathini ovulekile ezweni, ukutshala kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningana:
- imbewu;
- isithombo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela ngqo engadini busetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezifudumele zezwe. Lapho nje umhlabathi ufudumala ufike ku + 12 ° C, ukulungiswa kwembewu yokutshala kuqala. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithombo ezikhula kuqala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amajikijolo aboshwe esiqwini ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo.
Isihluthulelo sokutshalwa ngempumelelo kwamakhabe ensimini evulekile ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo, izimo ezikhulayo ezihambisana nezimo zezulu zesifunda.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuhlunga imbewu ngosayizi, ususe imbewu elimele futhi ethintekile. Usayizi (ukuhlunga) uhlinzekela ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okufanayo kwamahlumela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amahlumela aqinile ngeke avumele amancane ukuthi akhule.
Kukhona enye inqubo yokulungiselela esetshenziswa ngabalimi kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Lesi yisibazi, ingqikithi yalokho ukulimala ngamabomu ebusweni bembewu ukukhuthaza ukukhula. Kwanele ukugcoba ikhala ku-sandpaper enhle. Kulokhu, into esemqoka ukungawenzi ngokweqile.
Isinyathelo esiphoqelekile ukufudumeza imbewu. Ukwenza lokhu, kugcinwa kwi-thermos enamanzi ashisayo (+ 50 ° C) cishe isigamu sehora. Zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenziwayo ziyashesha ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa.
Ukubulala amagciwane kubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yokulungiselela. Okuqukethwe kugcinwa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate cishe imizuzu engama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho, ihlala isomisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo (ungasebenzisi ihhavini noma ibhethri).
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamakhabe zokutshala eRussia, e-Ukraine naseBelarus
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe, kukhethwa izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokuqala zaphakathi nesizini. Akunandaba ukuthi uzotshala amakhabe kuphi: eBelarus, e-Ukraine, eRussia, udinga ukukhetha uhlobo lwamakhabe oluzolungela futhi oluzoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kulezi zimo zezulu.
Ushampeni opinki
Isikhathi semifino sithatha izinsuku ezingama-80-95. Isisindo esimaphakathi se-fetus sifinyelela ku-5-7 kg. I-pulp iyi-pink ejulile, enamanzi enesimo sobumnandi obusikhumbuza uju. Isikhumba sinombala oluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo ephuzi, ukushuba okulingene. Lesi sitshalo asithobekile, sibekezelela umswakama kahle.
UCatherine F1
Isikhathi semifino - izinsuku ezingama-58-62, isisindo samajikijolo isilinganiso - 7-8 kg. Izinto zokumboza zisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezimo zokuvuthwa ngokushesha. Amaqabunga amakhulu neziqu ezinwelayo zivimbela uhlelo lwempande ekushisweni yilanga. I-hybrid iyaziswa ngokuqukethwe kwayo ushukela omningi nesakhiwo esinyene, kodwa esibucayi senyama ebomvu.
Isipho esiya eNyakatho
Isithelo sivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-75-85 ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-10-11 kg. Lesi sitshalo asikhiqizi kakhulu, kepha siveza izithelo kahle. I-berry pulp ebomvu ebomvu inamanzi futhi iyaminyanisa ngobumnandi bekhabe. Isikhumba sinombala omthende, ukushuba kuncane. Izinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile ezifweni nasomswakama. Isivuno sigcinwe kahle futhi siyathuthwa.
UNelson F1
Izinhlobonhlobo zingezinhlobo ezivuthwa ekuqaleni, izithelo zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-65 kuphela. Ukuma kwejikijolo kunwetshiwe, umbala unemigqa ngokushintshanisa amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ikhabe linesisindo esingu-12-14 kg. I-pulp ebomvu inamanzi amaningi futhi ithenda ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu koshukela.
ILibya F1
Kusukela ngesikhathi kutshalwa izithombo, izithelo zivuthwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-62-65, okuzibeka njengohlobo lwaphakathi nonyaka wokuqala. Ijikijolo eliyikhilogremu eyishumi linesimo esiyindilinga, esime kancane ngesinyama esibomvu nokunambitheka okumnandi ngendlela emangalisayo. Lesi sitshalo sizivumelanisa nezimo zezulu zendawo emaphakathi. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, ingumholi ekukhiqizeni, ukuthengiseka nokuphepha kwezithelo.
Imithetho yokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yezithombo ekhaya, kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze nezimpawu zamakhabe akhulayo endle. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole isivuno esihle, kucatshangelwa izimo zezulu.
Ukukhetha imbewu yokutshala ekhaya
Izinhlamvu kufanele zibe nempilo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokulimala. Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuba kunqunywe izinhlobo ezixutshiwe ezingavikeleki ezifweni eziningi, ukumelana nezinhlekelele zesimo sezulu, kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokukhula.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Inoculum kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukulinganisa, ukufudumeza kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Ukusabalalisa kungakhethwa.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ungahlwanyela kancane imbewu ngokuyigoqa ngendwangu emanzi. Ngemuva kuka-1-3, kuzoqhamuka ihlumela esiphunjeni. Into esemqoka kule nqubo ukuthi ungavumeli le napkin yome. Ngemuva kwalokho ungazihlwanyela emhlabathini ngokusho kwephethini ethile.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela
Isiko alikubekezeleli ukufakelwa kabusha, ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kufanele ilungiselelwe ukudluliselwa okulandelayo nehlumela lingene emgodini. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi yesakhiwo esivulekile ithululelwa ebhodweni noma kwesinye isitsha. Amakhabe namagquma akhula kahle emhlabathini ohlanganiswe ne-humus ne-peat. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukufaka umquba kusengaphambili. Uma ubukhulu bomhlaba buphakeme, isihlabathi, i-peat kufanele ingeniswe kuwo. Ungakhohlwa ngezakhi zomzimba: i-superphosphate, umlotha wezinkuni, njll.
Ukutshala: kufanele kude kangakanani ukuthi izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini?
Imbewu itshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kungakabi ngaphambi komhla zingama-20 kuNhlaba (May), lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singena ngombuso wokushisa ongu- + 14 ° C nangaphezulu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa izithombo engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Embizeni eyodwa enobubanzi obungu-10 cm nobude obungu-12-14 cm, kungcwatshwa imbewu engu-2 nge-3 cm ngayinye. Ngemuva kokuhluma, udinga ukushiya ihlumela elinamandla, bese ususa elinye. Izimo eziyinhloko zokuhluma okuhle kwento:
- ukuchelela ngokulingene;
- umbuso wokushisa + 25-30 °;
- ukuntuleka kokusalungiswa;
- ukukhanya okuhle.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amahlumela azovela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lehlela ku- + 18 ° kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa ihlumela elingu-4-5 cm. Ngemuva kokukhipha isithombo esibuthakathaka, ungakhuphula imodi iye ku- + 25 °.
Ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa ensimini, ihlumela kufanele libe namaqabunga okungenani ama-4 (aneminyaka engama-30-35 wezinsuku). Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokufakwa kabusha, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa kancane futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lisethwe lingadluli kuma-20 °.
Kungcono ukufakelwa ekuseni, ngakho-ke nisela amabhodwe kahle kusihlwa. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi welaphe amahlumela ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux liquid. Isithombo sidluliselwa emgodini onenhlabathi futhi sijule emaqabungeni e-cotyledon. Isikhala phakathi kwezihlahla singama-70-100 cm.
Unganakekela kanjani ngemuva kokutshala kusayithi?
Amahlumela amancane adinga ukuvikelwaNgakho-ke, ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, umbhede umbozwe ifilimu. Udinga ukukhipha indawo yokukhosela njalo ukuvimbela ukufingqana. Ungasusa ukuvikelwa ngokuphelele ngoJuni.
Ukuheha izinyosi ukuthola impova, kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo zezinyosi eduze kwamakhabe. Uma lina ngesikhathi sokuvota impova, udinga ukukwenza ngesandla
Imithetho yokuchelela
Amakhabe namathanga athanda umswakama, kepha akufanele uwenze ngokweqile ngokunisela. Kwanele ukunisela imibhede kanye ngesonto. Ngemuva kokudalulwa kwezimbali zesifazane esitshalweni, izinga lomswakama liyancipha. Ngemuva kokuthi isithelo sesakhiwe, ukuchelela akudingeki.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokufaka umquba ngamakhabe
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12, izithombo zidinga ukondliwa ngengxube yezakhi. kususelwa ku-mullein ovutshiwe (izingxenye eziyi-10 zamanzi nengxenye eyodwa yomquba). Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, kwethulwa ukudla kwesibili okuhambisanayo ngokufakwa kwe-superphosphate (50 g ilitha ngalinye lesisombululo), i-ammonium sulfate (15 g), i-potassium sulfate (30 g) ku-mullein.
Ama-groundbaits afanayo asetshenziswa lapho kukhula imbewu ngaphandle.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isiko lisakazwa ngosizo lwembewu. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusizwa ukwakheka okuyindilinga kwejikijolo. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa ngokweqile, iyavuleka bese imbewu ichitheka kanye nejusi. Abanikazi abashisekayo, bedla ikhabe elimnandi, bageza okusanhlamvu okumnyama emanzini ahlanzekile bese beyomisa. Gcina ekamelweni lokushisa endaweni eyomile kuze kufike isizini elandelayo, ngemuva kwalokho kukhule izithombo noma okungezona izithombo.
Indlela yokutshala kahle amakhabe ensimini: amaphutha amakhulu
Ukuze ungaphindi amaphutha abanye abalimi, kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngokujwayelekile kakhulu.
- Ukunikeza okuthandwayo kokunye noma okunye okwehlukile, kufanelekile ukutadisha isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwejikijolo. Izinhlobo eziphakathi nesikhathi sekwephuzile nezasekupheleni kwesikhathi kufanele zilahlwe, noma ngabe zinambitheka enjani.
- Imvamisa, imbewu iphonswa ijule enhlabathini eminyene. Ezweni elinjalo, isitshalo asikhuli kahle. Ubumba noma inhlabathi esindayo kufanele ihlanjululwe ngesihlabathi nepeat ukwenza isakhiwo sikhululeke. Udinga ukuhlwanyela imbewu kude kakhulu komunye nomunye.
- Akufanele ukhethe isakhiwo esigcwele ukhula olungapheli lwekhabe. IBurian izonquma amahlumela amasha, iwavimbele ukuthi asakaze futhi aqhakaze.
- Umbono wezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo ukuthi ikhabe lithanda umthunzi oyingxenye uthathwa njengephutha. Ukutshala ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahla ngeke kuvumele leli berry livuthwe, isiko lithanda ilanga eliningi.
- Ukulinywa kwamakhabe ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezilokazane nezifo kubeka ukungabaza ekutholeni isivuno esihle.
- Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba enhlabathini kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthela kanye nekhwalithi yamajikijolo. Ngokuqinisekile ijikijolo lidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu nokukhulelwa.
Izinambuzane nezinkinga zamakhabe akhulayo
Isiko lisengozini yezifo ezifanayo njengamakhukhamba. It:
- i-peronosporosis;
- i-ascochitis;
- isikhutha esiyimpuphu;
- anthracnose.
Lapho ukhula, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanayo zokuvikela kanye nokwelashwa njengalapho kulinywa izitshalo zamathanga: i-Ordan, i-colloidal sulfur, i-Abiga-Peak, i-HOM, njll.
Kulezi zinambuzane kubhekwa njengengozi:
- i-aphid
- umsundu;
- inundu
- ama-scoops;
- impukane ihlumela.
Uma uthola ubukhona bezinambuzane noma imikhiqizo yomsebenzi wabo obalulekile, akufanele ungabaze ukucubungula, iningi lesitshalo noma lonke ikhabe lingafa. Uma imikhiqizo yebhayoloji inganikeli umphumela oyifunayo ngemuva kokufakwa, ama-insecticide okubulala amakhemikhali kufanele asetshenziswe: Tantrek, Aktaru, Decis, Fufanon.
Isivuno esifanele
Udinga ukususa amajikijolo ensimini ngesikhathi esithile. Uma wenza lokhu emuva kwesikhathi, ikhabe ngeke ligcinwe isikhathi eside. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwesigaba sokuqala sokuvuthwa nokuvuthwa okuphelele yizinsuku ezi-5 kuphela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa yile nkathi. Isivuno esivuniwe kahle asilahlekelwa ubumnandi nokuqina kompuphu isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zikhombisa ukuvuthwa kwesithelo:
- ukoma komsila;
- ukwakheka kwephethini ecacile kuqweqwe;
- ukunyamalala kwe-plaque empunga;
- ukutholakala kwamabala aphuzi ebusweni berry;
- iphunga lifana nelotshani obusanda kusikwa;
- ngesikhathi sokushaya, kuzwakala umsindo wokukhala.
Ukusikisela kokuvuthwa kwejikijolo kungaba yisikhathi sokuvuthwa cishe kwesithelo:
- izinhlobo zakuqala - izinsuku ezingama-32-35;
- izinhlobo eziphakathi - izinsuku ezingama-40-45;
- izinhlobo ezephuzile - izinsuku ezingama-50-53.
Kungenzeka ukuthi utshale i-berry enamanzi esizeni sakho, unikezwe wonke ama-nuances nemithetho. Noma utshala amakhabe eKhabarovsk noma eBashkiria.Isiko lamakhabe, yize lingenasizotha, lisadinga ukunakwa. Ukukhuthala nomsebenzi ngokuqinisekile kuzoklonyeliswa ngesivuno esivulekile ngejikijolo eliqopha umlando.