I-cherry emnandi, njengesitshalo esinokhuni, ibilokhu yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izithelo ezinamanzi nezinoshukela ziyinto ethandwa kakhulu izingane nabantu abadala. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziseningizimu zezinhlobo ze-cherry ezimnandi uValery Chkalov - ummeleli ogqamile onokumelana nesithwathwa okuhlobene. Incazelo yalokhu kuhlukahluka ingatholakala ngezansi.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry Valery Chkalov
I-sweet cherry enhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala, eyatholakala ngo-1953 ngabafuyi uM. I-Oratovsky ne-S.V. Zhukov. Ukukhethwa kwasungulwa ngumsebenzi ohlangene wesiteshi seMelitopol Experimental Gardening esiqanjwe ngegama lami. Mxolisi Mbethe ISidorenko neCentral Genetic Laboratory. I.V. I-Michurin. I-Pollinator - i-cherry yaseCaucasian Pink.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibizwa ngegama lokukhumbula umshayeli wezokuhlola waseSoviet uValery Chkalov.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula esimweni sezulu esipholile sezwekazi nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezimweni zezulu ezikhukhulayo zamazwekazi nezimvula, izinhlobonhlobo azifanele ukulinywa. Kusukela ngo-1974, izinhlobonhlobo ziye zahlulwa eNyakatho Caucasus:
- Isifunda saseRostov;
- Isifunda saseStavropol;
- I-Chechen Republic;
- IRiphabhlikhi yase-Ingushetia;
- IKarachay-Cherkess Republic.
Amahlumela ansundu agobile ama-cherry amnandi afinyelela ku-5 mm esigabeni esiphambanweni. Ukukhula okukhulu kwamahlumela kuvinjelwe ukusika izihlahla ngendlela eyakhayo... Kuzithombo zonyaka, amahlumela aphansi asele, kamuva akha amagatsha wamathambo.
Ukuqina kwasebusika nokumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo, kwenza kube nokwenzeka, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-24 ° C, ukulahlekelwa ngu-2/3 wezimbali ezifihlekile. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni isivuno esiningi. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo siphezulu. Izinkomba zomkhiqizo wokuhlukahluka ezifundeni eziseningizimu, phakathi neminyaka eyi-10 yokuthola izithelo:
- ECrimea: isilinganiso - 62 kg, izinga eliphakeme - 174 kg;
- Isifunda saseKrasnodar: okulingene - 24 - 32 kg.
Izici zezithelo
Izithelo ezinkulu ze-burgundy, ezimise okwenhliziyo. I-pulp ebomvu enoshukela futhi enamanzi, enethambo elikhulu... Izithelo isisindo zokhahlamba kusuka 7 kuya 9 amagremu. Isiqu esincane sinamathiselwe esithelweni.
Okuqukethwe kwezinto ezithelweni kunokwakheka okulandelayo:
- 13.5% - into eyomile;
- 0,6% - ama-asidi wamahhala;
- 10.7% ushukela;
- 0,21 mg - ascorbic acid.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingezinhlobonhlobo zama-dessert, ezilungele ukuwafaka.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka zibandakanya lezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo:
- izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa;
- izithelo ezinkulu;
- izithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezihlwabusayo;
- umkhiqizo ophezulu;
- ukufaneleka kokuwafaka;
- ukuqina kwasebusika nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Okubi kokuhlukahluka kufaka impahla eyodwa kuphela. - ukumelana okujwayelekile kwezifo zefungal.
Ukutshala nokushiya
Ngokutshala, kukhethwa izihlahla ze-cherry ezinokusebenza okuhle.
Izithombo kufanele zibe nemingcele elandelayo:
- iminyaka yobudala - 1 - 2 iminyaka;
- emgqonyeni ububanzi - 17 mm noma ngaphezulu;
- ukungabi namagxolo ashwabene;
- ukutholakala kwamagatsha ama-3 - 4, kufika ku-40 cm ngosayizi;
- umehluko kumbala we-scion nesiphunzi esizeni sokuxhunyelelwa;
- izimpande ngaphandle kokulimala nokukhula;
- awekho amagatsha aphukile.
Ikhwalithi enhle yezithombo iqinisekiswa yizindawo ezikhethekile zezindawo.
Isikhathi esidingekayo sokutshala ama-cherries ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba efihlekile... Ngalesi sikhathi, isithombo simila ngokushesha ngenxa yesikhathi sonyaka esifudumele sonyaka. Akunconywa ukutshala ama-cherry ekwindla. Isithombo ngeke sikwazi ukugxila ngokushesha kuze kube sebusika.
Akudingeki ukuthi unqamule amahlumela endaweni yomqhele, okuzokhipha amahlumela amasha.
Indawo okufikelwa kuyo ivikelekile kokungakapheli. Khetha uhlangothi olunelanga esizeni. Ukuphakama kuyadingeka noma ukuphakama okufakelwayo kuyadingeka ukutshala ama-cherries... Izihlahla zezinambuzane zezinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe eduze ukuze zithele kahle. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lishiywa lifike kumamitha ama-4 ukuze izihlahla zisabalalise umqhele ngokuthula.
Ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esizeni kufanele kube ngamamitha amathathu ukujula ukugwema ukubola kwezimpande.
Umgodi wokutshala ulungiswa ekwindla. Umhlaba umbiwe futhi kulethwa amabhakede ama-humus ama-2 ahlanganiswe nenhlabathi evundile. Inhlabathi elungiselelwe ukutshala izithombo, ngokuzayo izonikeza izimpande ngokudla okudingekayo.
Inhlabathi enhle yezinhlobonhlobo i-loamy ne-sandy loam, evumela ukuthi umoya namanzi kudlule.
Ukutshala isithombo entwasahlobo kwenzeka ngezigaba ezilandelanayo:
- Umhlaba umbiwe kusuka emgodini olungisiwe, kuze kufike ku-70 cm ukujula, 80 cm ububanzi.
- Isikhonkwane sishayelwa maphakathi nomgodi, ngokusekelwa nokuqina kwesithombo.
- Zilethwa phansi emgodini Umanyolo ophilayo ngesimo somquba noma umquba.
- Thumela:
- i-potassium sulfate - amagremu ayi-100;
- i-superphosphate - amagremu angama-300;
- umlotha - 1 kg.
- Faka umanyolo umhlaba.
- Ukusabalalisa izimpande, ngobumnene phonsa isithombo emgodini.
- Ebambe isihlahla umboze ngomhlaba, kucatshangelwa indawo ekholwayo yezimpande ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi ngo-5 cm.
- Ngoba ngisho ukuchelela dala umbuthano wesiqu Ukujula okungu-5 cm. Yenza umhlabathi ngesimo se-shaft emaphethelweni ombuthano.
- Bopha isithombo esikhonkwaneni.
- Nisela isithombo amanzi - amabhakede ama-2.
- Ukuhlanganisa peat eduze-kwesiqu isiyingi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, izithombo zinisela njalo futhi zixegise inhlabathi. Kulesi simo, ukungena kwamanzi ekujuleni kuyadingeka kude no-40 cm, kufinyelela ezimpandeni.
Kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nohlelo lokunisela i-cherry:
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
- ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- ngaphambi kokuvuna emavikini amathathu;
- ngo-Okthoba.
Akunconyelwa ukunisela izihlahla ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamajikijolo okungenzeka.
Ukuthenwa kwezithombo zonyaka kwenziwa entwasahlobo, futhi kufaka phakathi lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa izithombo ekuphakameni kwama-50 cm, ngezinso ezine - 4 ezithuthukisiwe;
- ukunciphisa amahlumela ohlangothini 1/3;
- ukuthola igatsha eliphakathi ephakeme kunamanye amagatsha ngo-20 cm.
Ngokuncishiswa okuqinile kwamagatsha minyaka yonke aze afike kuma-40 cm, ukukhula kwezihlahla kungakhula, kuvinjelwe ukuthela izithelo.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele ezihlahleni ezineminyaka emihlanu kuyama, futhi ukuthena kuncike ku:
- ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-3.5;
- igatsha eliphakathi namahlumela aseduze, aye ezingeni elingaphezulu kwamagatsha avundlile aseduze ngama-20 cm;
- amahlumela aqinileeziqondiswe emqheleni;
- eziqongweni amagatsha akhulayo amile okhulayo;
- amagatsha asemaceleni imiqhele.
Ukuthena kuthinta ukukhula okuqhubekayo komqhele futhi kuvikela ezifweni nasezifweni.
Njalo ngonyaka kuyadingeka ukwandisa umbuthano wesiqu kuze kufike ku-1 cm. Indawo yombuthano kufanele ivuselelwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngengubo yokumboza... Futhi yenza ukukhululeka nokususa ukhula. Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen, osheshisa inkathi yokukhula ezihlahleni. Umanyolo onephosphorus ne potassium usetshenziswa ekwindla. Imanyolo elandelayo iyadingeka:
- i-urea eyomile - 120 g;
- Isixazululo se-urea - amagremu angama-30 ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi: ngoMeyi - Juni - amahlandla ama-3, kulandelwe ukukhululeka nokunisela.
Ngezihlahla ezineminyaka emine ubudala, umsele oyindilinga wenyuselwa kuma-cm 40. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwenani lezimpande.
Kule minyaka, izihlahla zidinga ukukhulelwa:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo engeza urea owomile - 150 amagremu bese uthele;
- ekwindla engeza i-potassium sulfate - amagremu ayi-100, i-superphosphate eyimbudumbudu - amagremu angama-300.
Imithi yonyaka wesihlanu wokuphila iyondliwa:
- entwasahlobo -Ku-1 ibhakede lamanzi - ama-gramu angama-30 ama-ammophos; urea - 200 amagremu - emseleni;
- ekwindla - ngesihlahla esi-1 - ama-20 kg we-humus.
Umanyolo kufanele wenziwe ngokwesikhathi nesikhathi somthamo ukuze ungabambezeli ukubopha amahlumela esihlahla.
Ukulungiselela ama-cherries wesikhathi sasebusika kuqukethe izihlahla zokumhlophe... Lokhu kuzovikela izihlahla ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni.
Lo mcimbi wenziwa ngokuhlanjululwa kokwakheka kokumhlophe, ngezindlela ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo:
- I-PVA glue - 2 isipuni. izinkezo, i-lime - amagremu angu-300;
- amanzi - 2 l, ubisi - amagremu ayi-100, ithusi lesulphate nothuli - 1 tbsp. isipuni.
Qinisekisa ukumboza izihlahla ngezihlahla ze-spruce ebusika. Songa isiqu namagatsha wamathambo nge-burlap. Umbuthano wesiqu uvuselelwa nge-peat entsha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqhubekayo, isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo sitholakala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, bese kuthi njalo ngonyaka.... Izithelo zenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isilinganiso sesivuno sezihlahla iminyaka eyi-10 - 15 ingama-62 kg.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo
- Izinhlobonhlobo zingumthombo we-multivitamin complexequkethe i-flavonoids, i-carotene, i-pectins, ushukela, nayo ithuthukiswa ngezinto ezincane nezincane.
- I-cherry emnandi iyikhambi elihle kakhulu le-beriberi yasentwasahlobo... Imithi yesintu isebenzisa ama-cherries njenge-diuretic ekwelapheni isifo sezinso. Amathoni omzimba, asiza ukunciphisa isisindo futhi athuthukise isimo somzimba.
- Ngenxa yamajikijolo e-cherry, izindonga zama-capillaries ziyaqiniswa, kusiza ezifweni ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-coumarin kuma-cherries, umkhawulo wokunqanda igazi wehlisiwe. Isiza ekwelapheni i-anemia kanye nokwakheka kwamahlule egazi namacwecwe.
- Ukuhamba buthaka kwesisu kungabuyiselwa ngejusi le-cherry... Kuvusa inqubo yokugaya futhi kusize ngobuhlungu besisu. Isebenza futhi njengomlawuli ngokunciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini.
- Iziqu zezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zifaka isandla ekulawulweni komsebenzi wenhliziyo... Banomphumela omuhle emzimbeni ngokucasuka ne-neurosis.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuheha kwama-cherry kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba kuheha abantu nezifo ezahlukahlukene ngezithelo zawo. Ukutshala izithombo njalo kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kuzo. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekela ama-cherries akunakuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuvikelwa kwesihlahla kuwo wonke amashwa. Ukuze ugweme izifo eziyinhloko nezinambuzane okuhlangana nazo ama-cherry, imininingwane edingekayo evela ematafuleni izosiza ekulweni nayo.
Igama lesifo | Isikhathi sokutheleleka | Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo | Izindlela zokulawula |
---|---|---|---|
ICoccomycosis | Maphakathi noJulayi - ukuphela kuka-Agasti | Ukuvela kwamabala emaqabungeni. Amaqabunga awayo. | Futha: 2 ml we "Skor" ebhakedeni lamanzi; 3 g "Horus" ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi (ehlobo); |
I-Moniliosis (ukubola kwezithelo) | Isikhathi sonke sehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. | Sizibonakalisa ikakhulu ezindaweni ezikhanyayo bese siqala ukubola. | 2 ml "iTopazi" ebhakedeni lamanzi; 3 g kaHorus ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi. |
Isifo seClasterosporium (indawo enezimbobo) | Ihlobo lonke | Ukuvela kwamabala emaqabungeni, kuphenduka izimbobo. | 25 g "Ridomila" ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Ukucubungula amasayithi asikiwe ane-vitriol. |
Igama lesinambuzane | Isikhathi sokubukeka | Ukubonakaliswa kwezinambuzane | Izindlela zokulawula |
---|---|---|---|
Impukane yeCherry | Kwangathi kuya kuNhlangulana | Izikelemu ezincane kumajikijolo. | 10 ml "Fufanon" ebhakedeni lamanzi; 2.5 ml "Kinmix" ebhakedeni ngalinye lamanzi. |
Cherry weevil | Kwangathi kuya kuNhlangulana | Ukuvela kwezimbungulu ezimbalini. | 8 g "Aktara" ukuthola ibhakede lamanzi; 50 ml "Lepidocide" ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ukushisa amaqabunga alimele. |
I-Cherry shoot moth | NgoMeyi | Ukubukeka ezimbalini. | 1.5 g "Confidor" yebhakede lamanzi. |
I-aphid yama-Cherry | Kwangathi kuya kuJulayi | Ukuthola ama-aphid emaqabungeni nakwizinyawo. | 10 ml "Fufanon" ebhakedeni lamanzi; Isicelo: gcina u-200 g wegalikhi womhlabathi emanzini imizuzu engama-20. |
Ukuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu kunempumelelo enkulu ngabathandi besihlahla sezithelo abaningi, ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezimangazayo... Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwama-cherries kuzonikeza izithelo ezimnandi kubo bonke abathandi bezinhlobonhlobo ngomvuzo ofanele.